BR-102014024624-B1 - Bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture.

Abstract

Bidirectional Filter for Particulate and Moisture Retention. Bidirectional filter for particle and moisture retention, eliminating the source of dirt from the breathing system of transformers, reactors, and equipment that require a bidirectional filter for particle and moisture retention. Through the elongation of the breathing tube and the created slits, the air is directed to the opposite of the tank orifices, thus preventing oil spillage. The filter has a simple, robust structure, with the minimum necessary components and extreme operability.

Inventors

• SERGIO LUIS PEREIRA

Assignees

• CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS DO NORTE DO BRASIL S.A - ELETROBRAS ELETRONORTE

Dates

Publication Date

20260310

Application Date

20141002

Claims (7)

1. 1) “Bidirectional filter for particle and moisture retention”, characterized by performing particle and moisture retention using the breathing process of transformers and reactors, without the need for oil pumping, as it does not require the entire volume of oil to pass through the filter element, without the use of a heating element, without the use of valves to control air inlet and outlet, as well as without the use of an electrical system to perform dehumidification, being composed of the following basic elements, a container (3), moisture filter element (17), filter element with greater roughness (13), filter element with greater malleability (14), moisture filter element retention holes (15), a sealing o-ring (16), an oil bowl (6), a breathing tube (10) directional slot (9), air flow inlet and outlet through the breathers (7).
2. 2) Bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture according to claim 1, characterized by a vitreous and hard drying agent, chemically neutral and hygroscopic, with a color change marker when saturated by moisture absorbed by the vitreous dryer inserted in the container (3).
3. 3) Bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by a particle filter element and oil retention arranged to a filter element of greater roughness (13), to a filter element of greater malleability (14) and arranged to retention holes for the moisture filter element (15).
4. 4) Bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized by employing orifices (11) for pressure drop and retention of solid particles.
5. 5) Bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized by a slit for directing airflow in the exhalation and respiration process (7) of the transformer and reactor equipment.
6. 6) Bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized by a slot (9) that directs the airflow, preventing oil spillage, excessive air and particle entry into the internal moisture and particle retention filters, wherein the breather tube (10) must be of sufficient size so that oil does not reach the particle filtration compartment.
7. 7) Bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture according to claim 5, characterized by allocating the oil in the filter tank (6) in the transformer and/or reactor breathing process.

Description

[001] The present invention relates to a bidirectional filter for retaining particles and moisture, eliminating the source of dirt from the breathing system of equipment such as: transformers and reactors, which need to inhibit contamination by particles and eliminate moisture from the air circulating inside the equipment. [002] The filter is installed in the equipment's expansion cylinder and serves to retain dirt and moisture particles in both the equipment's exhaust airflow and the air intake through the breathers. [003] The breathing tube and filter slots were designed with greater elongation so that the air released through the slot is directed to a location opposite the tank holes, thus preventing oil spillage. The lack of slots causes air bubbles to rise towards the breathers and, coinciding with the breather holes in the oil tank, causes contaminated oil to spill onto the ground, creating an environmental problem. [004] The invention performs the filtering of the oil in the tank when it evaporates due to the rise in ambient temperature, since oil condensation can cause contamination in dehumidifiers, reducing their lifespan and, in more extreme cases, causing total system failure. [005] The visual form of the invention allows the operator to identify the correct time to change the moisture filter element, avoiding unnecessary and premature replacement. [006] To maintain high dielectric values in the transformer's insulating liquid, they are equipped with air dryers. These devices absorb moisture, drying the aspirated air flowing into the transformer. The air dryer consists of a metal container containing the drying agent, and a chamber to hold the oil at a certain level. The operation of the transformer raises the system temperature, causing the oil to expand and thus expel air from the conservator through the dryer. If the load on the transformer decreases, the oil temperature consequently decreases, resulting in a reduction in the system volume. In this case, an air depression occurs in the conservator, and ambient air is drawn in, passing through the chamber and the drying agent. The air's moisture is then contained in this compartment, not reaching the oil, characterizing the bidirectional filtration process. [007] The moisture filter element is a hard, vitreous drying agent, considered chemically neutral and highly hygroscopic (ability to absorb water). The material has an orange indicator, and depending on the conditions, it changes color. A yellowish color indicates that it should be replaced, although its lifespan can be extended through drying processes. [008] The breathing section of transformers represents a source of dirt with constant oil spills. Lack of maintenance causes malfunctions, resulting in serious damage, and in extreme cases, sudden power outages, with the loss of a large part of the equipment. Filter replacement becomes very common and consequently expensive. In addition, there is the environmental responsibility of preventing soil contamination from spilled oil. [009] Maintenance requires several steps that are essential for the proper functioning of the equipment. There are various types of inspection, which follow a script so that nothing goes unnoticed. Periodic review verifies that the current during peak load hours does not exceed the nominal value, thus preventing excessive temperature increases. In the semi-annual review, the insulating fluid is checked according to its level and appearance. Visual inspection covers various defects present in the equipment parts, such as breaks, cracks, dirt, leaks, and corrosion. [010] The use of a moisture filter element is a widespread concept, but extending the piping with the addition of the above-mentioned features yields a different result than usual, with advantages that outweigh those of common filters. [011] In a broad analysis of the literature with the aim of establishing the current state of the art with respect to the apparatus in question, no documents were revealed that relate to the specific object claimed in the present patent, however some documents were referenced which, although not being impediments to the present patent, depict moisture removal tools in various ways. [012] The main international patent classifications that report some kind of similarity to the invention are B01D; F26B; H01F; C09F; C02F. These are methods or apparatus adapted for removing moisture or drying equipment such as filters and transformers. In addition to having processes for dehydrating air and other materials. Some maintenance guides present equipment and procedures for repairing transformers and types of filters that use silica in their dehumidification process. [013] Patent document PI0003437-1 “Desiccant based on compacted silica gel” proposed a material that uses silica combined with other chemical materials to be used in boxes and containers for moisture removal. [014] Patent document PI0103162-7 “Oil-immersed timer assembly and