BR-102014029382-B1 - PROCESS FOR COATING PELLETED OR GRANULATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER WITH BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES

Abstract

PELLETED OR GRANULATED AND COATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER WITH BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES AND COATING PROCESS FOR PELLETED OR GRANULATED AND COATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER WITH BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES This patent application proposes an organic and organomineral fertilizer, which must be presented in the form of pellets (P) or granules (G), this fertilizer being innovative in that it incorporates a biological load, in the form of bacteria, fungi and yeasts, which are selected for crops of interest, which may be grasses, legumes, monocotyledons and dicotyledons, the biologically additive pellets (P) being indicated by the references (P') and (P'') when the biological load is added to them, respectively, by coating and spraying processes; whereby the biologically enhanced granules (G) are indicated by the references (G') and (G') when the biological load is added to them, respectively, by coating and spraying processes.

Inventors

• LUIZ AUGUSTO CHACON DE FREITAS FILHO

Assignees

• SUPERBAC BIOTECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS S.A

Dates

Publication Date

20260310

Application Date

20141125

Claims (4)

1. 1.- “PROCESS FOR COATING PELLETED OR GRANULATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER AND COATED WITH BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES”, wherein the process in question provides, with regard to obtaining pellets (P), that the raw organic matter (1) is fed to a conveyor (2) which leads it to a sieve (3) to be subjected to a pre-cleaning stage, and after this pre-cleaning stage, the raw organic matter is led to a rotary sieve station (4), from where the already sieved raw organic matter is led to a mill (5), where this raw matter is fragmented and homogenized with regard to its particle size, which is 1 mm; After leaving the mill (5), the raw organic matter (1) becomes defined as processed organic matter (1'), and is then sent to a mixer (6) that operates in conjunction with a storage medium (7), where the N, P, K load is stored; in the mixer (6), the processed organic matter (1') is combined with an appropriate proportion of N, P, K, according to soil analysis and crop to be cultivated, thus becoming the category of NPK aggregated processed organic matter, which is indicated by the reference (1''), this matter (1'') is then sent to a processing station (8), where the pelletizers (9) are located; upon leaving the pelletizers (9), the fertilizer, now in pellet form (P), is then sent to a dryer (10), where its moisture content is adjusted within previously established parameters, this moisture content being 10% to 15%; the process being characterized by the fact that upon leaving the dryer (10), the pellets (P) are then sent to a cooler (11) until the appropriate temperature of 50 °C is reached, the pellets (P), now dry and cooled, are sent to a subsequent additive stage (12) by coating which occurs by the coating process with a load of biological additives and from this stage to the shipment (13); The coating process of the pellets (P) occurs through the application of additivated organic polymers in order to obtain organic and/or organomineral pellets coated with biological additives, where the organic and/or organomineral pellets (P) are fed to a rotating cylinder (14), where a coating fluid (15) configured as a polymer additivated with a biological load is applied through spraying by specific nozzles (16) and through the movement of the rotating cylinder (14), the pellets (P) are coated by the additivated polymer, and upon exiting this rotating cylinder (14), the pellets (P) are already in the category of organic and/or organomineral pellets (P') coated with biological additives, in which the fertilizer includes as raw material chicken litter, swine and other animal manure, sugarcane bagasse, peat, sewage sludge and crop residues; in which the NPK minerals are derived from the mineral raw materials KCl, MAP, DAP, Triple Superphosphate, Single Superphosphate, NP, Calcium Nitrogen, Urea, Ammonium Sulfate and Reactive Phosphate; and in which biological additives include bacteria, fungi and yeasts, which are selected for crops of interest, which may be grasses, legumes, monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
2. 2. "PROCESS FOR COATING PELLETED OR GRANULATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER AND COATED WITH BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES", according to claim 1, characterized in that, in an alternative step of the coating process, the pellets (P) are subjected to a spraying process with biological additives in the form of a spraying fluid (17) with added biological load in order to obtain organic pellets sprayed with biological additives, where the pellets (P) are conveyed by a conveyor belt (18) and in this path pass under spray nozzles (19), where they receive the spraying with biological additives applied in the form of the spraying fluid with biological load (17); after passing through the spraying area, the pellets (P) become organic and/or organomineral pellets sprayed with biological additives (P").
3. 3.- “PROCESS FOR COATING PELLETED OR GRANULATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER AND COATED WITH BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES”, according to claim 1, wherein the process in question provides, with regard to obtaining granules (G), that the raw organic matter (1) is fed to a conveyor (2) which leads it to a sieve (3) to be subjected to a pre-cleaning step, and after this pre-cleaning step, the raw organic matter is conveyed to a rotary sieve station (4), from where the already sieved raw organic matter is conveyed to a mill (5), where this raw matter is fragmented and homogenized with regard to its particle size, which is 1 mm; After leaving the mill (5), the raw organic matter (1) becomes defined as processed organic matter (1'), and is then sent to a mixer (6) that operates in conjunction with a storage medium (7), where the N, P, K load is stored; in the mixer (6), the processed organic matter (1') is combined with an appropriate proportion of N, P, K, according to soil analysis and crop to be cultivated, thus becoming processed organic matter with added NPK, which is indicated by the reference (1''), this matter (1'') is then sent to a processing station (8), where the granulators (20) are located; upon leaving the granulators (20), the fertilizer, now in the form of granules (G), is then sent to a dryer (10), where its moisture content is adjusted within previously established parameters, this moisture content being from 10% to 15%; the process being characterized by the fact that upon leaving the dryer (10), the granules (G) are then sent to a cooler (11) until the appropriate temperature of 50 °C is reached, the granules (G) already dried and cooled are sent to a subsequent additive stage (12) which occurs by coating the granules (G) with a load of biological additives and from this stage to dispatch (13); The coating process of the granules (G) occurs through the application of additivated organic polymers in order to obtain organic and/or organomineral pellets coated with biological additives, where the organic and/or organomineral granules (G) are fed to a rotating cylinder (14), where a coating fluid (15) configured as a polymer additivated with a biological load is applied, through spraying by specific nozzles (16) and through the movement of the rotating cylinder (14), the granules (G) are coated by the additivated polymer, and upon exiting this rotating cylinder (14), the granules (G) already become the category of organic and/or organomineral granules (G') coated with biological additives.
4. 4. "PROCESS FOR COATING PELLETED OR GRANULATED ORGANIC AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER AND COATING IT WITH BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES", according to claim 3, characterized in that, in an alternative step of the coating process, the granules (G) are sprayed with biological additives in the form of a spray fluid (17) with added biological load in order to obtain organic granules sprayed with biological additives; wherein the granules (G) are conveyed by a conveyor belt (18) and in this path pass under spray nozzles (19), where they receive the spray with biological additives applied in the form of the spray fluid with biological load (17); after passing through the spraying area, the granules (G) become organic and/or organomineral granules sprayed with biological additives (G").

Description

FIELD OF APPLICATION [0001] The object of this patent application consists of pelleted or granulated organic and organomineral fertilizer coated with biological additives, as well as coating processes for pelleted or granulated organic and organomineral fertilizer aimed at adding (by coating or spraying) pelleted or granulated organic and organomineral fertilizer, for agricultural application, with biodegradable polymers with biological additives. PREAMBLE [0002] This patent application proposes a new type of fertilizer that starts from an organic and organomineral fertilizer physically configured in the form of pellets or granules and that has a coating layer (applied by coating or spraying processes), which innovates by having biological additives, a consortium of microorganisms with a specific agricultural function. STATE OF THE ART [0003] Soil is considered fertile when it has all the nutrients in adequate quantities and does not contain elements toxic to plant growth. Fertile soils are generally located in regions with satisfactory amounts of water and light, and are free from pests and diseases that impede plant growth. Although all productive soils are fertile, not all fertile soil is productive. [0004] Regarding the factors that affect soil productivity, these include: a) organic matter; b) minerals; and c) soil microbiota. [0005] Organic matter acts as a conditioner, which improves the structure and aggregation state of soil particles, decreases density and increases aeration. It also acts as a chelating agent for minerals, retaining certain nutrients from mineral fertilizers against excessive leaching and significant losses. [0006] Organic matter can originate from the decomposition of plant or animal material or from the accumulation of microbial biomass. Humus, the insoluble fraction of organic matter and the most abundant organic component in the soil, is responsible for the ion exchange of nutrients and the formation of fixed nitrogen reservoirs. Humus also promotes a buffering effect and improves pH control capacity, an important mechanism for maintaining productive soil. Organic matter classified as soluble is represented by the product of the degradation of complex polymers such as sugars, phenols, and amino acids. [0007] With regard to minerals, for a plant to develop normally, it needs some essential requirements: a favorable location for its roots to take hold, adequate temperature, sunlight, air, sufficient water, and nutrients. These needs are met to a greater or lesser extent by the climate and soil conditions of the location where the plant is found. [0008] Higher plants possessing chlorophyll utilize carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen from the air, as well as water and various elements from the soil, and with the aid of energy provided by sunlight, they are able to synthesize the organic matter necessary for their own formation. Thus, through photosynthesis, plants have the ability to form organic compounds ranging from simple to more complex structures, such as cellulose, starch, various sugars, fats, proteins, enzymes, and vitamins. In total, there are 18 elements, both organic and mineral, considered indispensable for plants. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, originating from water and air, are responsible for the formation of 90 to 96% of plant tissues. [0009] Mineral nutrients are usually classified as macro and micronutrients, according to their relative concentration in the tissue, or according to the concentration required for adequate plant growth. This division is considered as follows: a) Macronutrients: Required in larger quantities by plants, on the order of kg/ha: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) and b) Micronutrients: Required in smaller quantities, on the order of g/ha: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). Increased productivity is related to the balance of nutrients in the quantities required by plants throughout the development cycle. [0010] Regarding soil microbiota, it should be considered that soil is the largest reservoir of microorganisms on the planet, with a great abundance and diversity of microorganisms; it is estimated that there are 4 tons of microorganisms per hectare of soil. They are responsible for maintaining life and cycling nutrients on the planet, as they act in the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. [0011] Furthermore, microorganisms exert a physical action in the soil. They act chemically through the production of cementing substances, such as polysaccharides, or binding substances, such as fungal hyphae, which increase soil aggregation, porosity, and stability. This also improves aeration, retention, and availability of water and nutrients for plants. The relationship between microorganisms and plants is usually established through symbiosis; plants synthesize food (sugars) that can be assimilated by microbes,