BR-102020018483-B1 - Mechanical device for driving a movable headstock to perform holes, reaming, and tapping using taps via automation in horizontal mechanical lathes.

BR102020018483B1BR 102020018483 B1BR102020018483 B1BR 102020018483B1BR-102020018483-B1

Abstract

Mechanical device for driving a movable headstock for performing holes, reaming, and tapping using automated methods on horizontal lathes. This synchronous movement allows the movable headstock to perform tasks with controlled feed in machining processes such as drilling, reaming, tapping, and others. This device was designed to be coupled to the main carriage of the lathe with a double fixing point on the tailstock, one being called the main drive element (1), preferably fixing the sleeve by means of a tightening screw (5) in a transverse slot of a solid piece (1A) or by means of a split hole (15) in the main drive element (1), which has a key (2) fixed by a screw (3), which fits into the slot in the sleeve avoiding torsional forces, the eye bolt (14) is used as a fixing point for the sleeve and guide for the cutting fluid hose in the manufacturing processes contemplated by it, also containing another auxiliary device that functions as a second coupling point mounted at one end on the lower base of the main drive element (1), and at the other end by means of the coupling (13) on the lower part of the tailstock, composed of: bushing (...).

Inventors

LUCIANO ANTÔNIO FERNANDES
RAPHAEL SILVA LINS

Assignees

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO

Dates

Publication Date: 20260310
Application Date: 20200910

Claims (1)

[001] “MECHANICAL DEVICE FOR MOVABLE HEAD DRIVE FOR DRILLING, RENDERING, THREADS WITH TAPS BY MEANS OF AUTOMATION IN HORIZONTAL MECHANICAL LATHES” characterized by a structure called the main drive element (1) of the movable head coupled to the main carriage of the horizontal mechanical lathe, by means of holes at the ends (1D) and a fixing screw (4), assisted by a secondary drive element, which has a coupling (13) in the lower part of the movable head, composed of: bushing (7), bushing with ball guide (6), shaft (10), ball (8), elastic ring (12), actuation lever (11), fixing screw (3) of the coupling on the shaft and springs (9); through the double-supported fixation on the sleeve and on the lower part of the movable headstock, the displacement of the same by the axis of the rod, or by the spindle, already existing in the lathe is used; fixed to the sleeve by means of a tightening screw (5) in a transverse slot of a solid piece (1A) or by means of a split hole (15) in the main drive element (1), which has a key (2) fastened by a fixing screw (3) and eye screw (14).

Description

FIELD OF APPLICATION [001] The present invention relates to an automated mechanical device that can be coupled to horizontal mechanical lathes equipped with a main carriage with automatic longitudinal movement by means of a lead screw or feed rod, for the purpose of performing drilling, reaming, internal and external threading, boring, rotary broaching and honing. STATE OF THE ART [002] In order to contextualize the description and application of the invention (Mechanical Device), it is necessary to provide an overview of the main parts of a horizontal mechanical lathe, its manual and automatic drive devices, accessories and machining tools, since it is to this type of equipment that the device will be attached. [003] A horizontal lathe is an extremely versatile machine tool used in the manufacture, repair, or finishing of parts. It allows the machining of various mechanical components, transforming raw material into finished parts, which may have a revolution axis or flat face sections or combinations thereof. For this, various models of machine tools are used, such as: turret lathe, copy lathe, computer-controlled lathe, and others, in their benchtop and industrial versions. In general, lathes are basically composed of: 1. Structure with bed: these are prismatic guides made of heat-treated, ground, and in some cases scraped cast iron. Mounted on a cast iron support base that can be supported on the floor by anti-vibration systems or fixed directly by bolts to a structural foundation. The main carriage and the tailstock work on the bed. 2. Fixed headstock: a cast iron structure that can be integral with the machine base or mounted on the bed, having a function in determining the cutting parameters of the lathe. The main carriage of a lathe or similar equipment consists of a mechanical assembly subdivided into: 3.1 Longitudinal carriage: has a fixed movement parallel to the bed, done manually via a handwheel or automatically by means of a motion coupling mechanism associated with a cast iron housing called an apron, which converts the rotational movement of the spindle or rod into longitudinal movement. It is mounted on the lower part of the apron and adjusted to the prismatic guides of the bed, being manufactured in cast iron called a cell. 3.2 Transverse carriage: has a fixed movement perpendicular to the bed, done manually via a handwheel or automatically by means of a motion coupling mechanism associated with a cast iron housing called an apron. The same is mounted above the Cell. 3.3 Top slide: has linear movement in a direction defined by a graduated ring called a Vernier or Crosshead, which can rotate between 0° and 180° and perform turning at angles manually. It does not include automatic drive derived from the apron. It is mounted on the cross slide. 3.4 Tool turret: is used to fix tools for roughing, facing, profiling, boring, threading, knurling, etc. Mounted on the top slide, it transmits the positioning angles to the tools. 4. Tailstock: is a component of the lathe that moves parallel to the bed, but manually. This headstock is positioned opposite the fixed headstock. Used exclusively for manual operations. In this way, it serves to fix the chuck for drilling, reaming, tapping, and also serves as a direct support for tools through internal Morse taper fixation in the tailstock. In addition, it serves as a secondary support for workpieces with a length greater than 3 times their diameter, by providing support to the rotating tailstock. Its constituent parts are: 4.1 The movable headstock base, composed of prismatic guides mounted on the lathe bed, provides manual, rectilinear, and parallel movement of the entire mechanical assembly. 4.2 The movable headstock clamping system, composed of a cast iron base fixed to a threaded steel rod that, when activated by the lever and/or locking nut, secures the headstock base to the lower part of the lathe bed, preventing its movement. 4.3 The sleeve is a cylindrical tubular guide, made of steel, with movement parallel to the bed and collinear with the spindle axis, which has an internal Morse taper (standardized) for fixing various devices, as well as tools for internal machining such as drills, taps, and reamers. 4.4 The sleeve displacement system is a mechanical assembly composed of a screw coupled to the drive handwheel, which has a graduated ring, allowing the sleeve displacement to be monitored without feed rate control during the machining process, as it is an exclusively manual movement. 4.5 The hose movement locking system consists of a two-part element made of bronze, to minimize wear and play, which engages with the hose by contact pressure in a specific position, preventing its movement by the manual displacement system. [004] Accessories are optional equipment that improve the machining capabilities of the lathe. Among them, we can subdivide them into workpiece clamping elements, support elements, tool clamping elements, braking system, cooling s