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BR-102024017537-A2 - DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR EXTRACTING VEGETABLE OIL BY HYDROSTATIC PRESSING

BR102024017537A2BR 102024017537 A2BR102024017537 A2BR 102024017537A2BR-102024017537-A2

Abstract

The present invention describes a vegetable oil extraction system using hydrostatic pressing together with a vegetable oil extraction device. Said system comprises a hydropneumatic pump, pressure gauge, needle valves for blocking the hydropneumatic pump and pressure drain, ball valve for blocking air from the pump, air regulator for regulating system pressure, pressure transmitter for controlling pressure and extraction time, and the extraction device.

Inventors

  • CARLOS MICHEL DOS ANJOS DOS SANTOS
  • ROBERTO GUIMARÃES PEREIRA
  • Carlos Rodrigues Pereira

Assignees

  • UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE

Dates

Publication Date
20260310
Application Date
20240826

Claims (9)

  1. 1. Vegetable oil extraction system CHARACTERIZED by being by hydrostatic pressing, comprising: an air regulator (1); a pressure gauge (2); a ball valve (3); a hydropneumatic pump (4); needle valves (5); a test gauge (6); a reservoir (7); a Y-strainer (8); a pressure transmitter (9); and an extraction device (10).
  2. 2. System according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the extraction device (10) contains the raw material and is connected to the pressure transmitter (9), to a needle valve (5) at its outlet and to the hydropneumatic pump (4); wherein the pressure transmitter (9) controls the pressure and extraction time in the extraction device (10) and wherein the hydropneumatic pump (4) pressurizes the extraction device (10).
  3. 3. System according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the air inflow to the hydropneumatic pump (4) is regulated by the air regulator (1) and the pressure gauge (2); and in that the ball valve (3) is disposed between the air regulator (1) with the pressure gauge (2) and the hydropneumatic pump (4) for blocking air from the pump (4).
  4. 4. System, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED in that between the connection of the hydropneumatic pump (4) and the extraction device (10) there is a needle valve (5) for blocking the hydropneumatic pump (4) followed by a test pressure gauge (6) to monitor the pressure applied during the vegetable oil extraction process.
  5. 5. System, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the hydropneumatic pump (4) has its water inlet connected to the reservoir (7) followed by a filter y (8).
  6. 6. System, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED by comprising a return between the hydropneumatic pump (4) and the reservoir (7), with a needle valve (5) for controlling the return of the fluid.
  7. 7. System, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the hydropneumatic pump (4) has a pressurization capacity of up to 50,000 psi; the pressure gauge (2) is preferably made of stainless steel, with a dual scale of 0-50,000 psi/0-3500 bar; the needle valves (5) withstand up to 60,000 psi; and the ball valve (3) is preferably made of brass and withstands up to 200 psi.
  8. 8. Vegetable oil extraction device (10) CHARACTERIZED by comprising two locking nuts (11) with a central hole, each disposed at one end of the device (10); two sealing pins (12) with a central hole, each disposed at one end of the device (10) and covered by the respective locking nuts (11); and a hollow extraction cylinder (14) disposed at the lower end of the device (10); mounted on the body (13).
  9. 9. Extraction device (10), according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that it is made of 316L stainless steel.

Description

FIELD OF APPLICATION [0001] The present invention applies to the field of vegetable oil extraction, more specifically in relation to a device and system with hydrostatic pressing to perform the extraction. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION [0002] Usually, vegetable oils are extracted by mechanical pressing, such as hydraulic pressing and continuous pressing (expeller), or by chemical extraction, such as solvent extraction. [0003] The hydraulic press has a perforated cylinder where a piston moves, applying pressure to the raw material. The continuous press, on the other hand, is equipped with a screw or endless screw that crushes the material, releasing the oil. In both pressing processes, the temperature of the material and the oil increases due to friction, leading to the loss of some properties and promoting oil rancidity. Another negative factor of mechanical pressing is its efficiency, which in some cases is less than 50%. [0004] Solvent extraction is an alternative to overcome the yield problem. In this extraction, the grains are crushed to facilitate the penetration of the solvent (hexane - a petroleum derivative, ethyl ether, ethanol, methanol, among others) into their interior. The oils migrate from the seeds to the solvent because they have a greater affinity for it, and then it is necessary to recover the solvent. However, when extracting oil from seeds, there is a possibility of thermal degradation of many beneficial components, which are lost in this process. Another drawback is the need to eliminate organic solvent residues from the oil, which, if not properly managed, can cause leakage of toxic solvents, polluting the environment and poisoning people. [0005] In view of the aforementioned problems of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a device and system for extracting vegetable oils using hydrostatic pressing, which operates with a pressure generator applying hydrostatic pressure of up to 30,000 psi, determined by the user, composed of a hydropneumatic pump, pressure gauges and transmitter for pressure recording, ball valve to shut off the operating air of the pump, air regulator that serves to regulate the air pressure at the pump inlet, reservoir or water point for hydraulic supply of the pump. Hydrostatic pressing allows extraction to be carried out without risk of contamination of the raw material, presenting excellent yield and energy savings due to the pressure applied in the process. STATE OF THE ART [0006] Document BR 102020025735-8 describes solvent-free methodologies for oil extraction, such as hydrodistillation for essential oil and hot mechanical pressing for fixed oil. More specifically, the document reveals a method for obtaining fixed oil from tucumã almonds that consists of hot mechanical pressing performed after drying the almonds of the fruit. In this method, the almonds are processed in a knife mill to facilitate oil extraction, and then the resulting mass is placed on trays for drying in an oven before extraction. The dried mass is placed in a volumetric flask and hydrodistilled to extract the essential oil, so that the product is not contaminated, since no solvents are used. [0007] Document PI 0702676-5 describes a method for extracting oil from pequi pulp by pressing, for use in industrial-scale oil extraction units, which provides a greater possibility of by-products. The document also describes obtaining a high-purity oil, enhanced with additives for enrichment and low settling coefficient, as well as product stability. More specifically, the document reveals a method for extracting pequi oil by pressing, which includes the following steps: cooking the already peeled and washed pequi fruits; pounding the pequi to detach the pulp; finishing removing the pulp by rubbing the fruits in a steel sieve; drying the pulp in an oven; mechanically pressing the dried pulp to extract the oil. [0008] However, the present invention differs from these documents because it refers to a vegetable oil extraction system using hydrostatic pressing together with a vegetable oil extraction device, which allows the application of different types of pressure, aiming at a higher yield in oil extraction, in addition to obtaining vegetable oil without contaminants and saving energy due to the pressure applied in the process. The oils obtained with the present invention can have applications, for example, in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well as being used as raw material for biodiesel production. [0009] The Embrapa technical bulletin (“Description of System and Methods for Extraction of Essential Oils and Determination of Biomass Moisture in the Laboratory”) describes an adapted extractor model and the physical process of essential oil extraction, on a laboratory scale, using the steam distillation technique. The extraction method revealed is cohobation, and equations are presented for determining the essential oil extraction yield and biomass moisture content. For oi