BR-102024017552-A2 - Precast block for closing concrete slabs.

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technological sector of civil engineering, and refers, more specifically, to pre-molded blocks used for closing concrete slabs that eliminate the need for finishing and plastering, providing savings in material and labor and facilitating the construction process. The pre-molded blocks are composed of steel or fiber mesh, cement, sand, EPS or EVA additive, and are placed parallel to each other and supported by beams to receive the concrete for closing the slab or constructing the floor.

Inventors

• GIVANILDO DINIZ

Assignees

• GIVANILDO DINIZ

Dates

Publication Date

20260310

Application Date

20240827

Claims (3)

1. 1. PRE-CAST BLOCK FOR CLOSING CONCRETE SLABS that eliminates the need for finishing and plastering, characterized by consisting of a flat plate with a fine finish on its surface (11) composed of cement, additives, water, fine aggregate (12), coarse aggregate (13) and a steel or fiberglass mesh (14) in the proportion of 0.5 kg of water/1.0 kg of cement, 3.0 kg of fine aggregate/1.0 kg of cement and 0.17 kg of coarse aggregate/1.0 kg of cement.
2. 2. PRECAST BLOCK FOR CLOSING CONCRETE SLABS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine aggregate is fine sand or crushed stone dust.
3. 3. PRECAST BLOCK FOR CLOSING CONCRETE SLABS, according to claim 1, characterized by the coarse aggregate being EPS or EVA.

Description

Technological sector of invention [01] In general, the present invention belongs to the technological sector of civil engineering, and refers, more specifically, to pre-molded blocks used for closing concrete slabs that eliminate the need for finishing and plastering, providing savings in material and labor and facilitating the construction process. The pre-molded blocks are composed of steel or fiber mesh, cement, sand, EPS or EVA additive, and are placed parallel to each other and supported by beams to receive the concrete for closing the slab or making the floor. State of the art [02] Slab closure is a crucial process in civil construction, which generally involves the assembly of formwork, the placement of reinforcement and concreting, followed by curing and formwork removal. [03] The development of a slab involves the planning and design stages, where the structural calculation of the slab must be carried out, ensuring that it supports the expected loads, and the creation of detailed plans and specifications of the slab, including dimensions, type of slab, location of beams, columns and reinforcement; site preparation, where the assembly of shoring and formwork that will support the slab until the concrete is completely cured takes place; assembly of the reinforcement, where the steel bars (reinforcing bars) are placed in the right place, forming the reinforcement mesh of the slab; concreting, where the concrete is prepared and poured over the formwork, filling the entire slab; curing of the concrete; and finishing, which may include leveling and smoothing the surface of the slab, if necessary, and application of coverings, such as ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, or other materials, according to the project. [04] A fundamental part of slab design is the preparation of the structure that will receive the freshly prepared concrete for curing, often called formwork. This structure ensures the correct shaping, support, and quality of the concrete until it reaches the desired strength. During the initial curing phase, the concrete is in a plastic state and does not have sufficient strength to support itself. This structure supports the weight of the concrete and reinforcement, preventing deformation or collapse. It directly impacts the quality of the finish, because when well prepared and adjusted, it results in smooth and uniform surfaces, reducing the need for repairs and additional finishing. [05] The most common type of this structure is what is conventionally called a joist slab. This is a construction system that uses precast concrete joists (rails), which are positioned between infill elements (such as concrete or ceramic blocks) and filled with concrete in situ. This method allows the creation of lightweight slabs with good structural performance. In this method, first, wooden or metal forms are installed on the edges of the slab to delimit the perimeter and contain the concrete during concreting; the precast joists (reinforced or prestressed concrete) are positioned on the support beams, spaced according to the structural design; between the joists, the infill elements are placed, which can be concrete, ceramic or polystyrene (EPS) blocks, these blocks form the empty spaces of the ribbed slab, reducing its own weight; A steel mesh is placed over the filler blocks to reinforce the concrete layer that will be applied over the slab (in some cases, it may be necessary to install negative reinforcement - additional steel bars - in regions where the slab is subject to negative bending moments); the concrete is prepared and poured over the slab, covering the joists, filler blocks and steel mesh; the concrete is then cured; the perimeter forms are removed; the slab is finished, such as structural plastering, subsequent painting or finishing with gypsum. [06] A major disadvantage of using joists is the need for finishing, since structural plastering of the slab is one of the most expensive processes in construction and requires specialized labor. In addition, the process of assembling the infill elements is time-consuming and requires attention and care to ensure they fit well between the joists, preventing displacement during concreting. And there is the need for additional steel reinforcement. [07] Patent document BR 102021015461-6 - REUSABLE FORM FOR SLAB EXECUTION presents a rectangular, reusable form, linearly packaged, with two longitudinal channels on the upper face, parallel and protruding upwards, another longitudinal channel at its central base, and two lateral flanges with graduated openings. At the end of each flange, there are appropriate angle brackets for fitting between the truss joists. The set of these channels and folds forms the grooves that strengthen the structure of the slab to support the reinforcement and concrete, and the form is removed using a spatula for reuse. This product also has the drawback of requiring a slab finish after curing and the use of steel reinforcement. [08] Pat