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BR-102024018092-A2 - GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE

BR102024018092A2BR 102024018092 A2BR102024018092 A2BR 102024018092A2BR-102024018092-A2

Abstract

This invention relates to a glass crushing machine initially intended for the production of homogeneous glass sand, with the aim of supporting the industry in the reuse of glass waste from various contexts (beverage consumption, glassworks waste, broken glass pieces, and any other contexts where processing the material into a sand-like particle size is necessary). In general terms, the machine comprises a rotating cylinder, a double-supported shaft, a flexible crushing element, a belt, pulleys, an electric motor, a protective sleeve, a load cell, a transducer/controller module, a support bracket, and covers for the rotating drum. The reported invention is based on a crushing principle using flexible (chains) and rigid (hammers) elements, and therefore its operating principle is distinct from models found, a priori, on the market.

Inventors

  • ALEXANDRE ALTAMIR MOREIRA
  • AUGUSTO MACHADO PESSOA
  • BERNARDO ESTEVES LEITE MATTOS
  • BRENO MENDES MAGALHÃES
  • DANIEL DO CARMO MIRANDA CAP
  • ISABELA ALVES CAMPICE DE OLIVEIRA
  • MOISÉS LUIZ LAGARES JUNIO
  • VICTOR DE PAULA LIMA

Assignees

  • UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE JUIZ DE FORA - UFJF

Dates

Publication Date
20260317
Application Date
20240902

Claims (17)

  1. 1. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, characterized by having a coaxial, doubly supported sieve drum and crushing shaft, both rotating clockwise, counterclockwise or in opposite directions.
  2. 2. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by having a crushing shaft consisting of chains and rotating hammers on the shaft.
  3. 3. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that its crushing shaft comprises chains equally spaced along the shaft, with two to eight chains per shaft section, each chain section being arranged in parallel.
  4. 4. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that its crushing shaft comprises equally spaced chains with a spiral distribution along the shaft.
  5. 5. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that its crushing shaft comprises hammers equally spaced along the shaft, with two to eight hammers per shaft section, each hammer section being arranged in parallel.
  6. 6. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by its crushing shaft comprising equally spaced hammers with a spiral distribution along the shaft.
  7. 7. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that its crushing shaft comprises chains and hammers that are equally or not interspersed, with a distribution parallel along the shaft.
  8. 8. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that its crushing shaft comprises chains and hammers that are equally or not interleaved, with a spiral distribution along the shaft.
  9. 9. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by its crushing shaft comprising a drive in the rotation range between 1000 rpm and 4000 rpm.
  10. 10. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the sieve drum having circular, rectangular or any other geometric holes, these being millimeter in size.
  11. 11. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the sieve drum having circular holes with diameters ranging from 0.02 mm to 3.00 mm.
  12. 12. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the cylindrical sieve drum having a diameter between 0.5 m and 4.0 m.
  13. 13. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by the sieve drum having internal paddles fixed to the sieve drum for lifting the material and feeding it back to the crusher shaft.
  14. 14. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE with sieve drum, according to claim 1, characterized by drive in the rotation range between 1 rpm and 1000 rpm.
  15. 15. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE with internal blades, according to claim 12, characterized by their regular or random distribution along the inner walls of the sieve drum, in any configuration.
  16. 16. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE with internal blades, according to claim 12, characterized by the following shapes: blade, channel, groove, helical, propeller, plate.
  17. 17. GLASS CRUSHING MACHINE, characterized by having a variable inclination of up to 0° to 30°.

Description

Field of invention [001] The present invention relates to a glass crushing machine initially intended for the production of homogeneous glass sand, with the aim of providing support to the industry regarding the reuse of glass waste from various contexts (beverage consumption, glassworks waste, broken glass pieces and any other contexts where it is necessary to process the material into a granulometry similar to sand). In general terms, the machine in question comprises a rotating cylinder, a double-supported shaft, a flexible crushing element, a belt, pulleys, an electric motor, a protective sleeve, a load cell, a transducer/controller module, a support bracket and covers for the rotating drum. The reported invention is based on a crushing principle using flexible (chains) and rigid (hammers) elements, therefore its operating principle is distinct from models found, a priori, on the market. Fundamentals of the invention [002] The patents referenced below provide an overview of technologies present in the market that, in a certain way, perform a similar function to the machine claimed herein. The main crushing method for glass grinding is based on the use of rigid elements, showing similarity to a traditional glass mill, with rotating crushing elements. • GLASS CRUSHING ASSEMBLY - BR 102022016649-8 A2 • MILL FOR BREAKING AND GRINDING GLASS BOTTLES AND CUPS - BR 102020016622-0 A2 • CONFIGURATION APPLIED TO A HAMMER MILL FOR GLASS GRINDING - BR 202020003847-3 U2 • MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING GLASS SAND - PI 9703840-7 [003] With the known devices, the following innovation details some elements that make this machine unique and effective. Firstly, the machine is characterized by having a drum equipped with a central shaft that houses flexible and movable elements. The flexibility of the elements allows them to adjust to variations in the size and thickness of the material, providing continuous and efficient crushing. In addition, the mobility of these components ensures that the glass is constantly moved and crushed, preventing blockages and optimizing the process. Another significant innovation is the incorporation of helical blades along the inner wall of the drum. These blades play a crucial role in feeding back the raw material that is not yet fully crushed. By being arranged in a helical shape, the blades ensure that the glass is continuously redirected to the crushing zone, increasing the efficiency of the process. The inclination of the machinery is another distinctive feature, where the drum is positioned at a carefully calculated angle that facilitates the uniform filling of the raw material along its entire length. This inclination allows the glass to be distributed more evenly within the drum, avoiding dead zones and ensuring that all the material goes through the crushing process. The combination of the reverse movement of the shaft and the drum facilitates more efficient glass breaking. While the drum rotates in one direction, the central shaft rotates in the opposite direction, creating a shear force that increases the pressure on the glass, making it easier to crush. Description of the drawings [004] Figures 1 and 2 represent the assembly of the equipment; in Figure 2, its interior is shown, where the hammers and chains responsible for crushing the glass in the process are represented. It also demonstrates how the system will be fixed to the support, along with a representation of the external components. Description of the invention [005] The present invention presents a glass and derivative crushing machine, composed of chains and mobile crushing hammers that are fixed to supports on a rotating double-supported shaft. The shaft is centrally located inside a cylindrical drum that forms the main body of the machine, where the drum is supported by a perforated table that can angle the entire body of the machine for efficiency and economy of design purposes. The chains are arranged in an alternating or continuous manner with the function of crushing the fed material in order to obtain a homogeneous fine aggregate, which will finally be sieved through small holes in the drum wall and conveyed by small paddles on the inner wall of the same. [006] Rigid-shaped crushing chains, which may or may not have variable links, come into contact at high speed with the raw material to be crushed, breaking it up and processing it into particles with a granulometry similar to that of homogeneous sand. [007] The rotating drum contains internal blades positioned helically for moving the material clockwise or counterclockwise, where it is loaded through the inner walls of the drum, in which it is crushed along the axis of chains and the continuous crushing of the material by raising the raw material, so as to prolong the contact with the crushing chains. The drum body has millimeter-sized holes along its length for the sieving process of the crushed material into a container. [008] The structure is supported by a frame