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BR-112019025875-B1 - CYLINDER SYSTEM WITH RELATIVE MOTION OCCUPATION STRUCTURE

BR112019025875B1BR 112019025875 B1BR112019025875 B1BR 112019025875B1BR-112019025875-B1

Abstract

These are implementations that refer to a cylinder occupancy structure. An example provides a cylinder system comprising a mechanical cylinder that includes an internal space into which a fluid is introduced, and a piston configured for reciprocating motion in the internal space, and a cylinder occupancy structure that includes an insertion rod that acts as a second piston, wherein the insertion rod is variably inserted, and retracted from, the internal space of the cylinder in correspondence with the reciprocating motion of the piston and wherein parts of the insertion rod and the piston may enclose the combustion space.

Inventors

  • HANNA IBRAHIM, MOUNIR

Assignees

  • HANNA, Ibrahim, Mounir

Dates

Publication Date
20260317
Application Date
20190117
Priority Date
20171219

Claims (17)

  1. 1. MECHANICAL ENGINE CYLINDER SYSTEM characterized in that it comprises: a cylinder including an internal space; a occupancy structure; and a crankshaft piston; wherein the internal space of the cylinder is modified by the occupancy structure such that the combustion pressure applied to the crankshaft piston is applied to a smaller surface area of the crankshaft piston during an earlier part of an expansion stroke and to a larger surface area of the crankshaft piston during a later part of the expansion stroke; wherein the occupancy structure is a movable structure relative to the cylinder, and wherein the movement of the occupancy structure is controlled by one or more forces applied by a force application mechanism; wherein the force application mechanism is responsive to the regulating position by means of regulating position sensors such that one or more forces applied to the occupancy structure are dependent on the regulating position.
  2. 2. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that it is configured so that combustion occurs within a cavity of the occupant structure to apply combustion pressure to both the occupant structure and the crankshaft piston.
  3. 3. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the force application mechanism is configured to apply a retraction force to the occupying structure during the expansion stroke.
  4. 4. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the force application mechanism is configured to apply a forward force to the occupying structure during the expansion course.
  5. 5. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that it is configured to partially execute a compression stroke during the expansion stroke by applying a force to the occupying structure through the force application mechanism.
  6. 6. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that it is configured to perform intake, compression, expansion and exhaust functions within two combustion strokes.
  7. 7. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the force application mechanism includes an electromagnetic actuator.
  8. 8. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the force application mechanism includes a hydraulic system.
  9. 9. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the force application mechanism includes a forced induction system.
  10. 10. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that it is configured to distribute fluid to one side of the intake manifold to increase cylinder pressure and engine acceleration.
  11. 11. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that it is configured to cause engine deceleration by applying a retraction force to the occupancy structure.
  12. 12. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that it is configured to cause engine acceleration by applying a forward force to the occupancy structure.
  13. 13. METHOD FOR INTRODUCING AN OCCUPATION STRUCTURE WITHIN A CYLINDER SYSTEM, WHEREIN THE SYSTEM INCLUDES A CYLINDER INCLUDING AN INTERNAL SPACE, AND WHEREIN THE SYSTEM INCLUDES A CRANKSHAFT PISTON, wherein the method is characterized in that it comprises: modifying an internal space of a cylinder using the occupation structure so that the pressure applied to the crankshaft piston is applied to a smaller surface area of the crankshaft piston during an earlier part of an expansion stroke and to a larger surface area of the crankshaft piston during a later part of the expansion stroke; and performing a pressure-increasing action within a cavity of the occupation structure to apply pressure to both the occupation structure and the crankshaft piston; and wherein the cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder, and wherein the fluid is a hydraulic fluid.
  14. 14. METHOD, according to claim 13, characterized in that the cylinder is a combustion cylinder, and in that the fluid is a flammable fluid.
  15. 15. METHOD, according to claim 13, wherein the method is characterized in that it further comprises: applying a retraction force to the occupying structure during an expansion stroke.
  16. 16. METHOD, according to claim 13, wherein the method is characterized in that it further comprises: applying a forward force to the occupying structure during an expansion course.
  17. 17. MECHANICAL ENGINE CYLINDER METHOD characterized by the use of a system, wherein the system comprises: a cylinder that includes an internal space into which fluid is introduced, and a crankshaft piston configured for reciprocating motion in the internal space; a housing structure; wherein the internal space of the cylinder is modified by the occupying structure by inserting the occupying structure to displace a portion of the internal space, so that the occupying structure reduces fluid intake, and so that the combustion pressure applied to the crankshaft piston is applied to a smaller surface area of the crankshaft piston during an earlier part of an expansion stroke and to a larger surface area of the crankshaft piston during a later part of the expansion stroke; wherein the system is configured so that combustion occurs within a cavity of the occupying structure to apply combustion pressure to both the occupying structure and the crankshaft piston; wherein the occupying structure is a movable structure relative to the cylinder, and wherein the movement of the occupying structure is controlled by one or more forces applied by a force application mechanism; wherein the force application mechanism is responsive to the regulating position by means of regulating position sensors so that one or more forces applied to the occupying structure are dependent on the regulating position; wherein the system is configured to partially execute a compression stroke during the expansion stroke by applying a force to the occupancy structure through the force application mechanism; wherein the system is configured to have an initial movement of the combustion fluids dragging the occupancy structure and forces in the direction of the camshaft piston to absorb part of the engine vibration forces; wherein the occupancy structure changes direction during the expansion stroke; wherein the system is configured to perform intake, compression, expansion and exhaust functions within two strokes per combustion; wherein the method comprises: actuating the crankshaft piston during an expansion stroke in a first direction; during the expansion stroke, advancing the cylinder occupancy structure into the cylinder interior space in correspondence with the movement of the crankshaft piston; actuating the crankshaft piston during a compression stroke in a second direction substantially opposite to the first direction; and during the compression stroke, retracting the occupancy structure from the cylinder interior space in correspondence with the movement of the crankshaft piston.

Description

CYLINDER SYSTEM WITH RELATIVE MOTION OCCUPATION STRUCTURE FIELD OF TECHNIQUE [001] The present invention relates generally to mechanical devices used to perform work and, more particularly, to combustion and hydraulic cylinders. BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNIQUE [002] A wide variety of devices utilize cylinders to perform mechanical functions and produce useful work. A typical internal combustion engine (ICE), for example, employs several cylinders in which a fuel-air mixture is compressed and ignited to produce work that is transmitted to a respective reciprocating piston. Each piston may be coupled to a crankshaft, with which the forces transmitted to the pistons can be transmitted, through various intermediate devices, to the wheels of a vehicle to propel the vehicle. [003] Non-ICE engines and other devices may utilize cylinders in production work. A hydraulic system, for example, may employ a cylinder that has an operable piston to push hydraulic fluid into the cylinder, wherein the pressure applied to the hydraulic fluid by the piston may be transmitted to other components in the hydraulic system according to Pascal's principle. As a specific example, a hydraulic lift may employ two hydraulic cylinders in fluid communication to achieve a multiplication in output force: an output cylinder used to lift an object, such as a vehicle, may be configured with a larger area over which the output force is distributed so as to multiply the input force applied to an input cylinder that has a relatively smaller area over which the input force is applied. [004] When configured for use in a hydraulic system, ICE, or other contexts, a typical cylinder produces output (e.g., power, force) that is proportional to its stroke volume (e.g., the volume through which a piston surface moves) which is the product of a piston surface and stroke distance (e.g., the axial distance through which the piston surface moves). Consequently, earlier systems (e.g., gasoline or diesel ICEs) resorted to increased stroke distances and/or volumes to increase cylinder output. Increased stroke distance and/or volume may stipulate an increase in cylinder dimensions and thus cylinder mass; however, it reduces the overall economy of an engine and vehicle in which such enlarged cylinders are used. [005] Other approaches to increase engine/vehicle economy may include the use of a recuperation system. Hydraulic cylinders, for example, can be coupled to a turbocharger or hydraulic or electric recuperation system, although such recuperation systems often exhibit limited efficiencies (e.g., 20 to 30%), especially when they operate against a high initial pressure of around 6.9 MPa (1,000 psi). In the case of a hydraulic recuperation system, where unused mechanical forces can be redirected to pump fluids into a pressure accumulation storage chamber for downstream cylinder intake, the operating fluid intake may initially be accumulated by low-efficiency recycling methods based on pumping against high-head accumulators. Minimizing the requirements of upper compression ratio limits is one way to provide better energy recuperation results in a vehicle. Although pressurized fluid inlet or cylinder inlet pressure can be reduced to increase the overall effectiveness of a hydraulic system, cylinder output may decrease correspondingly, as in some configurations the power output of a hydraulic cylinder is proportional to the product of effective head pressure and fluid flow. Furthermore, the limited effectiveness of cylinder-based systems is further intensified when considering the expanded energy required to produce the compressed fluids supplied as input to a cylinder, such as the energy required to accumulate pressurized fluid for hydraulic cylinders, and the energy required to refine and transport flammable fuel for combustion cylinders. [006] Direct injection engine methods were implemented with the purpose of satisfying clear environmental requirements, but it has become more challenging to meet such requirements. Two-stroke engines, for example, which are desired to have fewer moving parts, are completely prohibited in certain areas due to their tendency to release excessive amounts of incompletely burned exhaust and are also not energy efficient due to the loss of compressed fluids before they enter a subsequent combustion phase. Wankel rotary engines are favored due to the fact that they have fewer parts, but are limited in their energy output. [007] The existing regulation method for reducing a vehicle's power is generally achieved by releasing incompletely burned fluid during cylinder expansion to relieve the pressure acting on its piston. The intake fluid paths in direct injection engines suffer from the accumulation of unburned exhaust fluid, which can leak back into the engine. Furthermore, the release of unburned fluid causes pollution and is a fuel residue. Additionally, it is well known that higher initial pressures in supercharged engines result in hi