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CA-3063528-C - EVAPORATIVE FUEL VAPOR EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS

CA3063528CCA 3063528 CCA3063528 CCA 3063528CCA-3063528-C

Abstract

The present disclosure describes an evaporative emission control canister system that includes: one or more canisters comprising at least one vent- side particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than about 100 nm; macroscopic pores having a diameter of about 100 - 100,000 nm; and a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than about 150%, and having a retentivity of about 1.0 g/dL or less. The system may further include a high butane working capacity adsorbent. The disclosure also describes a method for reducing emissions in an evaporative emission control system.

Inventors

  • Timothy M. Byrne
  • Laurence H. Hiltzik
  • MARTA LEON GARCIA
  • Cameron I. Thomson

Assignees

  • INGEVITY SOUTH CAROLINA, LLC

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20180619
Priority Date
20170619

Claims (5)

  1. CLAIMS What Is Claimed Is: 1. An evaporative emission control canister system comprising one or more canisters having a plurality of chambers, each chamber defining a volume, which are in fluid communication allowing a fluid or vapor to flow directionally from one chamber to the next, and at least one chamber comprises at least one particulate adsorbent volume, wherein the at least one particulate adsorbent volume includes a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100 -100,000 nm, and a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 150%, and wherein the particulate adsorbent volume has a flow restriction property of less than 40 Pa/cm under conditions of 46 cm/s apparent linear air flow velocity applied to a 43 mm diameter bed of the particulate adsorbent material, and at least one of (i) a nominal butane working capacity (BWC) of< 8 g/dL, (ii) a retentivity of less than 2 g/dL or (iv) a combination thereof.
  2. 2. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the at least one particulate adsorbent volume has a flow restriction of less than 0.3 k:Pa under 40 1pm air flow, a length to diameter ratio of 2 or more, or both.
  3. 3. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the particulate adsorbent volume has at least one of: (i) a retentivity of less than 1.0 g/dL, (ii) a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 200%, or (iii) a length to diameter ratio of 2 or more or (iv) a combination thereof.
  4. 4. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the particulate adsorbent volume has a nominal butane working capacity of at least 8 g/dL, a nominal incremental adsorption capacity (IAC) at 25° C of at least 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both.
  5. 5. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the two-day diurnal breathing loss (DBL) is no more than 50 mg at no more than 315 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 82 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 6. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 5, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 210 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 7. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 50 mg at no more than 150 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 8. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 7, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 100 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 9. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 1-8, comprising at least one fuel-side particulate adsorbent volume. 10. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 1-9, comprising at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volumes. 11. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 9-10, wherein the particulate adsorbent volumes are located within a single canister or within a plurality of canisters that are connected to permit sequential contact by the fuel vapor. 12. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 10, wherein the particulate adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume or both has a nominal BWC of less than 8 g/dL, a nominal IAC at 25 C of less than 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 13. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or a combination thereof includes an adsorbent material selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon charcoal, zeolites, clays, porous polymers, porous alumina, porous silica, molecular sieves, kaolin, titania, ceria, and combinations thereof. 14. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 13, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume is an activated carbon honeycomb. 15. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 13, wherein the activated carbon is derived from a material including a member selected from the group consisting of 83 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, coconut, lignite, carbohydrates, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, lignocellulosic material, and combinations thereof. 16. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 1-15, wherein a form of the adsorbent in the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or both includes a member selected from the group consisting of granular, pellet, spherical, honeycomb, monolith, pelletized cylindrical, particulate media of uniform shape, particulate media of non-uniform shape, structured media of extruded form, structured media of wound form, structured media of folded form, structured media of pleated form, structured media of corrugated form, structured media of poured form, structured media of bonded form, non-wovens, wovens, sheet, paper, foam, hollow-cylinder, star, twisted spiral, asterisk, configured ribbons, and combinations thereof. 17. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 12-16, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume includes a volumetric diluent. 18. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 17, wherein the volumetric diluent includes a member selected from the group consisting of inert spacer particles, trapped air spaces, foams, fibers, screens, and combinations thereof. 19. The evaporative emission control system of any one of claims 1-18, further comprising a heat unit. 20. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a retentivity of less than 0.5 g/dL. 21. An evaporative emission control canister system including one or more canisters compnsmg: at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume; and at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100 -100,000 nm, and a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 150%, 84 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 wherein the at least one vent-side low retentivity particulate adsorbent volume has at least one of (i) butane retentivity of less than 1.0 g/dL, (ii) a nominal butane working capacity (BWC) of< 8 g/dL, or (iii) a combination thereof. 22. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 21, wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a flow restriction of less than 0.3 kPa under 40 1pm air flow. 23. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 21 or 22, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has at least one of: (i) a retentivity of less than 1.0 g/dL, (ii) a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 200%, (iii) a length to diameter ratio of 2 or more or (iv) a combination thereof. 24. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 21, 22 or 23, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume has a nominal butane working capacity of at least 8 g/dL ( e.g., at least 10 g/L ), a nominal incremental adsorption capacity (IAC) at 25 C of at least 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 25. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the two-day diurnal breathing loss (DBL) is no more than 50 mg at no more than 315 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 26. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 25, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 210 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 27. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 50 mg at no more than 150 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 28. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 27, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 100 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 29. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 24-28, wherein the adsorbent volumes are located within a single canister or within a plurality of canisters that are connected to permit sequential contact by the fuel vapor. 85 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 30. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 21-29, comprising a single vent-side particulate adsorbent volume. 31. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 21-29, comprising multiple vent-side particulate adsorbent volumes. 32. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 21-31, further comprising at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, wherein the at least one ventside subsequent adsorbent volume has a nominal BWC of less than 8 g/dL, a nominal IAC at 25 C of less than 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 33. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 21-32, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or a combination thereof includes an adsorbent material selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon charcoal, zeolites, clays, porous polymers, porous alumina, porous silica, molecular sieves, kaolin, titania, ceria, and combinations thereof. 34. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 32 or 33, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume is an activated carbon honeycomb. 35. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 33, wherein the activated carbon is derived from a material including a member selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, coconut, lignite, carbohydrates, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, lignocellulosic material, and combinations thereof. 36. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 21-35, wherein a form of the adsorbent in the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or both includes a member selected from the group consisting of granular, pellet, spherical, honeycomb, monolith, pelletized cylindrical, particulate media of uniform shape, particulate media of non-uniform shape, structured media of extruded form, structured media of wound form, structured media of folded form, structured media of pleated form, structured media of corrugated form, structured media of poured form, structured media of bonded form, non-wovens, wovens, sheet, paper, foam, hollow-cylinder, star, twisted spiral, asterisk, configured ribbons, and combinations thereof. 86 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 37. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 32-36, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume includes a volumetric diluent. 38. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 37, wherein the volumetric diluent includes a member selected from the group consisting of inert spacer particles, trapped air spaces, foams, fibers, screens, and combinations thereof. 39. The evaporative emission control system of any one of claims 21-38, further comprising a heat unit. 40. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 21, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a retentivity of less than 0.5 g/dL. 41. An evaporative emission control canister system including one or more canisters compnsmg: at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume; and at least one vent-side low retentivity particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100 -100,000 nm, and a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 150%, wherein the at least one vent-side low retentivity particulate adsorbent volume has a butane retentivity of less than 0.5 g/dL. 42. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 41, wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a flow restriction property of less than 40 Pa/cm pressure drop under conditions of 46 emfs apparent linear air flow velocity applied to a 43 mm diameter bed of the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume. 43. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 41 or 42, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has at least one of: (i) a retentivity of less than 0.4 g/dL, (ii) a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 200%, (iii) a length to diameter ratio of 2 or more or (iv) a combination thereof. 44. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 41, 42 or 43, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume has a nominal butane working capacity of at least 8 g/dL (e.g., at least 10 g/L), a nominal incremental adsorption capacity (IAC) at 25 C of at least 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 87 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 45. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 41-44, wherein the two-day diurnal breathing loss (DBL) is no more than 50 mg at no more than 315 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 46. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 45, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 210 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 47. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 41-44, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 50 mg at no more than 150 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 48. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 47, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 100 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 49. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 44-48, wherein the adsorbent volumes are located within a single canister or within a plurality of canisters that are connected to permit sequential contact by the fuel vapor. 50. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 41-49, comprising a single vent-side particulate adsorbent volume. 51. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 41-50, comprising multiple vent-side particulate adsorbent volumes. 52. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 41-51, further comprising at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, wherein the at least one ventside subsequent adsorbent volume has a nominal BWC of less than 8 g/dL, a nominal IAC at 25 C of less than 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 53. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 41-52, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or a combination thereof includes an adsorbent material selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon charcoal, zeolites, clays, porous polymers, porous alumina, porous silica, molecular sieves, kaolin, titania, ceria, and combinations thereof. 88 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 54. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 53, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume is an activated carbon honeycomb. 55. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 53, wherein the activated carbon is derived from a material including a member selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, coconut, lignite, carbohydrates, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, lignocellulosic material, and combinations thereof. 56. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 51-55, wherein a form of the adsorbent in the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or both includes a member selected from the group consisting of granular, pellet, spherical, honeycomb, monolith, pelletized cylindrical, particulate media of uniform shape, particulate media of non-uniform shape, structured media of extruded form, structured media of wound form, structured media of folded form, structured media of pleated form, structured media of corrugated form, structured media of poured form, structured media of bonded form, non-wovens, wovens, sheet, paper, foam, hollow-cylinder, star, twisted spiral, asterisk, configured ribbons, and combinations thereof. 57. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 52-56, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume includes a volumetric diluent. 58. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 57, wherein the volumetric diluent includes a member selected from the group consisting of inert spacer particles, trapped air spaces, foams, fibers, screens, and combinations thereof. 59. The evaporative emission control system of any one of claims 41-58, further comprising a heat unit. 60. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 41, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a retentivity of less than 0.25 g/dL. 61. An evaporative emission control canister system including one or more canisters compnsmg: at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume; and at least one vent-side low retentivity particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic 89 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 pores having a diameter of 100 -100,000 nm, a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 200%, and wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a butane retentivity of less than 1 g/dL. 62. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 61, wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a flow restriction property of less than 40 Pa/cm pressure drop under conditions of 46 cm/s apparent linear air flow velocity applied to a 43 mm diameter bed of the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume. 63. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 61 or 62, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has at least one of: (i) a retentivity of less than 1.0 g/dL, (ii) a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than about 200%, (iii) a length to diameter ratio of 2 or more or (iv) a combination thereof. 64. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 61, 62 or 63, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume has a nominal butane working capacity of at least 8 g/dL , a nominal incremental adsorption capacity (IAC) at 25 C of at least 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 65. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 61-64, wherein the two-day diurnal breathing loss (DBL) is no more than 50 mg atno more than 315 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 66. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 65, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 210 liters of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 67. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 61-64, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 50 mg at no more than 150 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 68. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 67, wherein the two-day DBL is no more than 20 mg at no more than 100 bed volumes of purge applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 90 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 69. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 64-68, wherein the adsorbent volumes are located within a single canister or within a plurality of canisters that are connected to permit sequential contact by the fuel vapor. 70. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 61-69, comprising a single vent-side particulate adsorbent volume. 71. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 61-70, comprising multiple vent-side particulate adsorbent volumes. 72. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 61-71, further comprising at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, wherein the at least one ventside subsequent adsorbent volume has a nominal BWC of less than 8 g/dL, a nominal IAC at 25 C of less than 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 73. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 61-72, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or a combination thereof includes an adsorbent material selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon charcoal, zeolites, clays, porous polymers, porous alumina, porous silica, molecular sieves, kaolin, titania, ceria, and combinations thereof. 74. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 73, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume is an activated carbon honeycomb. 75. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 73, wherein the activated carbon is derived from a material including a member selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, coconut, lignite, carbohydrates, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, lignocellulosic material, and combinations thereof. 76. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 71-75, wherein a form of the adsorbent in the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, or both includes a member selected from the group consisting of granular, pellet, spherical, honeycomb, monolith, pelletized cylindrical, particulate media of uniform shape, particulate media of non-uniform shape, structured media of extruded form, structured media of wound form, structured media of folded form, structured media of pleated 91 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 form, structured media of corrugated form, structured media of poured form, structured media of bonded form, non-wovens, wovens, sheet, paper, foam, hollow-cylinder, star, twisted spiral, asterisk, configured ribbons, and combinations thereof. 77. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 72-76, wherein the at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume includes a volumetric diluent. 78. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 77, wherein the volumetric diluent includes a member selected from the group consisting of inert spacer particles, trapped air spaces, foams, fibers, screens, and combinations thereof. 79. The evaporative emission control system of any one of claims 61-78, further comprising a heat unit. 80. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 61, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a retentivity of less than 0.5 g/dL. 81. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 1-80, further comprising at least one of: a fuel vapor inlet conduit that connects the evaporative emission control canister system to a fuel tank; a fuel vapor purge conduit that connects the evaporative emission control canister system to an air induction system of the engine; a vent conduit for venting the evaporative emission control canister system and for admission of purge air to the evaporative emission control canister system; or a combination thereof. 82. An evaporative emission control canister system comprising: a fuel tank for storing fuel; an engine having an air induction system and adapted to consume the fuel; an evaporative emission control canister system including one or more canisters comprising a plurality of adsorbent volumes including at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume; and at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100 -100,000 nm, a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 150%, and a retentivity of about 0 .5 g/dL or less; 92 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 a fuel vapor inlet conduit connecting the evaporative emission control canister system to the fuel tank; a fuel vapor purge conduit connecting the evaporative emission control canister system to the air induction system of the engine; and a vent port for venting the evaporative emission control canister system and for admission of purge air to the evaporative emission control canister system, wherein the evaporative emission control canister system is defined by: a fuel vapor flow path from the fuel vapor inlet conduit through a plurality of adsorbents to the vent port, and an air flow path from the vent port through the plurality of adsorbent volumes and the fuel vapor purge outlet. 83. The evaporative emission control system of claim 82, wherein the system further comprises at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume upstream, downstream or both from the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume. 84. A method for reducing fuel vapor emissions in an evaporative emission control system, the method comprising: contacting the fuel vapor with a plurality of adsorbent volumes including at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume; and at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100 nm or greater, a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 150%, and a flow restriction property of less than 40 Pa/cm pressure drop under conditions of 46 cm/s apparent linear air flow velocity applied to a 43 mm diameter bed of the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume, and at least one of (i) a nominal butane working capacity (BWC) of< 8 g/dL, (ii) a retentivity of less than 2 g/dL or (iv) a combination thereof.. 85. An evaporative emission control canister system including one or more canisters compnsmg: at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100 - 100,000 nm, a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume 93 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 of the microscopic pores that is greater than 150%, and a retentivity of less than 1.0 g/dL; and at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100 - 100,000 nm, a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 50%, wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a flow restriction property of less than 40 Pa/cm pressure drop under conditions of 46 cm/s apparent linear air flow velocity applied to a 43 mm diameter bed of the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume. 86. The evaporative emission control system of claim 84 or 85, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a butane retentivity of less than 1.0 g/dL. 87. The evaporative emission control system of claim 85, wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a flow restriction of less than 0.3 kPa under 40 1pm air flow. 88. The evaporative emission control system of claim 84 or 85, wherein the vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a length to diameter ratio of 2 or greater. 89. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 85-88, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume has a nominal BWC of greater than 8 g/dL, a nominal IAC at 25 C of more than 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 90. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 85-89, further comprising at least one vent-side subsequent adsorbent volume, wherein the at least one ventside subsequent adsorbent volume has a nominal BWC of less than 8 g/dL, a nominal IAC at 25 C of less than 35 g/L between vapor concentrations of 5 vol% and 50 vol% n-butane, or both. 91. The evaporative emission control canister system of any one of claims 85-90, wherein the at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume, the at least one vent-side particulate volume or both has a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than 200%, wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has a butane retentivity of less than 1.0 g/dL. 92. An evaporative emission control canister system including one or more canisters compnsmg: at least one fuel-side adsorbent volume; and 94 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 at least one vent-side particulate activated carbon adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than 100 nm, macroscopic pores having a diameter of 100-100,000 nm, and a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is less than 65%, wherein the at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume has at least one of (i) butane retentivity of less than 2.0 g/dL, (ii) a nominal butane working capacity (BWC) of less than 8 g/dL, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). 93. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the particulate adsorbent material has a butane retentivity of 1.0 g/dL or less. 94. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the particulate adsorbent material has a butane retentivity of 0.25 to 1.0 g/dL. 95. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the particulate adsorbent material has a BWC of from 1 to less than 8 g/dL. 96. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the particulate adsorbent material has a BWC of from 4 to less than 8 g/dL. 97. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the particulate adsorbent material further includes at least one of porous polymers, porous alumina, clay, porous silica, kaolin, zeolites, metal organic frameworks, titania, ceria, or a combination thereof. 98. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is derived from at least one material selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, coconut, lignite, carbohydrates, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, lignocellulosic material, and combinations thereof. 99. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 6, wherein the clay is at least one of Zeolite clay, Bentonite clay, Montmorillonite clay, Illite clay, French Green clay, Pascalite clay, Redmond clay, Terramin clay, Living clay, Fuller's Earth clay, Ormalite clay, Vitallite clay, Rectorite clay, or a combination thereof. 100. The evaporative emission control canister system of claim 1, wherein the system has a two-day diurnal breathing loss (DBL) of no more than 50 mg at no more than 315 liters of purge 95 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 applied after a 40 g/hr butane loading step as determined by the 2012 California Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP). 96 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05

Description

EVAPORATIVE FUEL VAPOR EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS BACKGROUND [0001] 1. Field of the Discovery. The present disclosure generally relates to a system comprising particulate adsorbent material and methods of using the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system comprising a low retentivity particulate adsorbent material and methods of using the same in evaporative fuel vapor emission control systems. [0002] 2. Background Information. Evaporation of gasoline fuel from motor vehicle fuel systems is a major source of hydrocarbon air pollution. Such emissions can be controlled by the canister systems that employ activated carbon to adsorb the fuel vapor generated by the fuel systems. Under certain modes of engine operation, the adsorbed fuel vapor is periodically removed from the activated carbon by purging the canister systems with ambient air to desorb the fuel vapor from the activated carbon. The regenerated carbon is then ready to adsorb additional fuel vapor. [0003] An increase in environmental concerns has continued to drive strict regulations of the hydrocarbon emissions from motor vehicles even when the vehicles are not operating. The vapor pressure in a vehicle fuel tank will increase as the ambient temperature increases while the vehicle is parked. Normally, to prevent the leaking of the fuel vapor from the vehicle into the atmosphere, the fuel tank is vented through a conduit to a canister containing suitable fuel adsorbent materials that can temporarily adsorb the fuel vapor. A mixture of fuel vapor and air from the fuel tank enters the canister through a fuel vapor inlet of the canister and expands or diffuses into the adsorbent volume where the fuel vapor is adsorbed in temporary storage and the purified air is released to the atmosphere through a vent port of the canister. Once the engine is turned on, ambient air is drawn into the canister system via manifold vacuum through the vent port of the canister. The purge air flows through the adsorbent volume inside the canister and desorbs the fuel vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent volume before entering the internal combustion engine through a fuel vapor purge conduit. The purge air does not desorb the entire fuel vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent volume, resulting in a residue hydrocarbon ("heel") that may be emitted to the atmosphere. In addition, that heel in local equilibrium with the gas phase also permits fuel vapors from the fuel tank to migrate through the canister system as emissions. Such 1 Date Re9ue/Date Received 2024-04-05 emissions typically occur when a vehicle has been parked and subjected to diurnal temperature changes over a period of several days, commonly called "diurnal breathing losses." [0004] In the US, the California Low Emission Vehicle Regulations made it desirable for the diurnal breathing loss (DBL) emissions from the canister system to be below about 20 mg ("PZEV") for a number of vehicles beginning with the 2003 model year and below about 50 mg, ("LEV-II") for a larger number of vehicles beginning with the 2004 model year. Now the California Low Emission Vehicle Regulation (LEV-III) and EPAs Tier 3 Standard requires canister DBL emissions not to exceed 20 mg as per the Bleed Emissions Test Procedure (BETP) as written in the California Evaporative Emissions Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles, 22 March 2012 and EPAs Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles: Tier 3 Motor Vehicle Emission and Fuel Standards; Final Rule, 40 CFR Parts 79, 80, 85 et al. Globally, by contrast, evaporative emission regulations have been less stringent than in the US, but the trend is now for more stringent regulations, along the path that the US has taken. There is increased recognition of the benefits from tighter controls for better use of vehicle fuel and for cleaner air, especially in regions where light duty vehicle use is growing rapidly and air quality issues require urgent attention. [0005] In order to meet the evaporative fuel emission regulatory standards in the vehicle design stage, vehicle manufacturers typically provide potential suppliers with target specifications on overall canister system performance, in terms of functional content, appearance, physical characteristics, and durability, hence leaving appropriate design flexibility for achieving those targets to the canister system manufacturers. For example, General Motors Corporation sets many design specifications for evaporative emission control canister systems (See GMW16494). A notable specification is the total allowable pressure drop of a carbon canister system. In this example, the maximum flow restriction for a canister system intended for onboard refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) "shall be 0.90±0.225 kPa at 60 liter/min (1pm) air flow ... as measured at the tank tube while flowing air from the canister tank tube to the fresh air tube" (see Section 3.2.1.3.2.2 of GMW-16494). This specification and others in GMW-164