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CN-113921728-B - Plasmonic OLED and vertical dipole emitters

CN113921728BCN 113921728 BCN113921728 BCN 113921728BCN-113921728-B

Abstract

The present application relates to plasmonic OLEDs and vertical dipole emitters. Provided are compounds, formulations comprising compounds, and devices utilizing compounds, wherein the devices include a substrate, a first electrode, an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode. The device includes an enhancement layer comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance, the plasmonic material non-radiatively coupled to the organic emissive material and transferring excited state energy from the organic emissive material to a non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons. The enhancement layer is disposed no more than a threshold distance from the organic emissive layer, wherein the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer. At least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio VDR value equal to or greater than 0.33.

Inventors

  • M. Fusera
  • N.J. Thompson

Assignees

  • 环球展览公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20210709
Priority Date
20210413

Claims (16)

  1. 1. An organic light emitting diode device, comprising: A substrate; A first electrode; an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode; An enhancement layer comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance, the plasmonic material non-radiatively coupled to the organic emissive material and transferring excited state energy from the organic emissive material to a non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons, the enhancement layer disposed on the organic emissive layer, Wherein the enhancement layer is disposed no more than a threshold distance from the organic emissive layer, Wherein the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer, and the threshold distance is where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant, and Wherein at least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio VDR value equal to or greater than 0.33.
  2. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive layer has a VDR value equal to or greater than 0.33.
  3. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive material has a VDR value equal to or greater than 0.33.
  4. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive layer comprises: A first layer comprising the organic emissive material, and A second layer disposed adjacent to the first layer and comprising a second material.
  5. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the first layer and the second layer satisfy a condition 0 +.ex- Δe, where Ex is a lowest emission state energy level of the first layer or the second layer, and Δe is a difference between a highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO energy level and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO energy level within the organic emissive layer.
  6. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein Ex is a lowest triplet (T 1 ) energy level of the first layer and the first layer is phosphorescent.
  7. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein Ex is the lowest singlet (S1) energy level of the first layer, and the first layer is fluorescent.
  8. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive material is a phosphorescent material.
  9. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the organic emissive material is a fluorescent material.
  10. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the enhancement layer comprises a second electrode layer.
  11. 11. The device of claim 1, further comprising a template layer selected and arranged to orient molecules of the organic emissive layer.
  12. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the template layer aligns dipoles of the organic emissive material and increases verticality of the dipoles.
  13. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the template layer is within the threshold distance of the enhancement layer.
  14. 14. A consumer product, comprising: an organic light emitting diode device, comprising: A substrate; A first electrode; an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode; An enhancement layer comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance, the plasmonic material non-radiatively coupled to the organic emissive material and transferring excited state energy from the organic emissive material to a non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons, the enhancement layer disposed on the organic emissive layer, Wherein the enhancement layer is disposed no more than a threshold distance from the organic emissive layer, Wherein the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer, and the threshold distance is where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant, and Wherein at least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio VDR value equal to or greater than 0.33.
  15. 15. The consumer product of claim 14, wherein the consumer product is at least one type selected from the group consisting of a display screen, a lighting device, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, a laser printer, a telephone, a tablet, a personal digital assistant PDA, a wearable device, a laptop, a digital camera, a video camera, a viewfinder, a vehicle, a large area wall, a theatre or gym screen, a phototherapy device, a sign, a display or visual element in glasses, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) wallpaper, an LED ornament, and clothing.
  16. 16. The consumer product of claim 14, wherein the consumer product is at least one type selected from the group consisting of flat panel displays, curved displays, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, stretchable displays, micro-displays with a diagonal less than 2 inches, 3-D displays, aviation displays, video walls comprising a plurality of displays tiled together, augmented reality AR displays or virtual reality VR displays, lights for internal or external lighting and/or signaling, cell phones, and display or visual elements in contact lenses.

Description

Plasmonic OLED and vertical dipole emitters Cross reference to related applications The present application claims priority from U.S. patent application No. 63/050,562, U.S. patent application No. 63/058,410, U.S. patent application No. 63/072,550, U.S. patent application No. 63/078,084, U.S. patent application No. 62/817,284, U.S. patent application No. 62/870,272, and U.S. patent application No. 62/817,424, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, to U.S. patent application No. 63/050,562, U.S. patent application No. 16/814,858, U.S. patent application No. 10, U.S. patent application No. 20/817,368, U.S. patent application No. 62/817,272, and U.S. patent application No. 62/817,424, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field The present disclosure relates generally to compounds and arrangements for use in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and devices containing the same to increase the vertical dipole fraction to enhance the coupling of excited energy states to surface plasmon modes. Background Optoelectronic devices utilizing organic materials are becoming increasingly popular for a variety of reasons. Many of the materials used to fabricate the devices are relatively inexpensive, so organic photovoltaic devices have the potential for cost advantages over inorganic devices. In addition, the inherent properties of organic materials (e.g., their flexibility) may make them more suitable for specific applications, such as fabrication on flexible substrates. Examples of organic optoelectronic devices include organic light emitting diodes/devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors. For OLEDs, organic materials can have performance advantages over conventional materials. OLEDs utilize organic thin films that emit light when a voltage is applied across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasingly interesting technology for use in applications such as flat panel displays, lighting and backlighting. One application of phosphorescent emissive molecules is in full color displays. Industry standards for such displays require pixels adapted to emit a particular color (referred to as a "saturated" color). In particular, these standards require saturated red, green and blue pixels. Or the OLED may be designed to emit white light. In conventional liquid crystal displays, the emission from a white backlight is filtered using an absorbing filter to produce red, green and blue emissions. The same technique can also be used for OLEDs. The white OLED may be a single emissive layer (EML) device or a stacked structure. The colors may be measured using CIE coordinates well known in the art. Disclosure of Invention According to one embodiment, a device is provided that may include a substrate, a first electrode, and an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode. The device may include an enhancement layer having a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance, the plasmonic material non-radiatively coupled to the organic emissive material and transferring excited state energy from the organic emissive material to a non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons, the enhancement layer disposed on the organic emissive layer. The enhancement layer is disposed no more than a threshold distance from the organic emissive layer. Due to the presence of the enhancement layer, the organic emissive material may have a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant, and the threshold distance may be where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant. At least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer may have a Vertical Dipole Ratio (VDR) value equal to or greater than 0.33. The organic emissive layer of the device may have a VDR value equal to or greater than 0.33. The organic emissive material of the device may have a VDR value equal to or greater than 0.33. The organic emissive layer of the device may include a first layer having an organic emissive material and a second layer disposed adjacent to the first layer and comprising a second material. The first layer and the second layer may satisfy the condition 0≤Ex- ΔE, where Ex is a lowest emission state energy level of the first layer or the second layer, and ΔE is a difference between a Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) energy level and a Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy level within the organic emissive layer. Ex may be the lowest triplet (T 1) energy level of the first layer, and the first layer is phosphorescent. In some embodiments, ex may be the lowest singlet (S1) energy level of the first layer, and the first layer is fluorescent. The organic emissive material of the device may be a phosphorescent material. The phosphorescent material may be a metal coordina