CN-113922096-B - Vortex beam generation method and device and electronic equipment

CN113922096BCN 113922096 BCN113922096 BCN 113922096BCN-113922096-B

Abstract

The application discloses a vortex beam generation method, a vortex beam generation device and electronic equipment. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a radiation electric field of a multi-vortex beam of the holographic super-surface according to an antenna aperture field comprehensive principle, determining the shape of the holographic super-surface according to the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam, exciting the surface wave by using an antenna, and converting the surface wave into a multi-directional and multi-mode vortex beam by using the holographic super-surface with the shape. The technical scheme of the application abandons a complex feed network, overcomes the defect that the oversized section caused by an empty feed array is difficult to integrate with other terminals, improves the beam diffraction and enhances the orbital angular momentum communication quality.

Inventors

ZHANG CHUNLEI
WANG YIXING
Cao Yuyin
MENG XIANGSHUAI
CHEN ZHUWEN

Assignees

中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20210926

Claims (7)

1. A method of generating a vortex beam, comprising: Acquiring a radiation electric field of a multi-vortex beam of the holographic super-surface according to an antenna aperture field comprehensive principle; determining the shape of the holographic super surface according to the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex wave beam; exciting a surface wave with an antenna; Converting the surface wave into a multidirectional, multimode vortex beam using a holographic metasurface having the morphology; The method for determining the shape of the holographic super surface according to the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam comprises the following steps: Calculating modulation tensor impedance between a radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam and a reference wave according to a holographic impedance reconstruction principle, wherein the reference wave is a surface wave generated by excitation of the antenna; calculating the gap angle and the gap size of the impedance surface unit at each position of the holographic super surface according to a preset constraint condition and the modulation tensor impedance, wherein the preset constraint condition is that the gap angle of an impedance surface unit is equal to the azimuth angle of the effective scalar impedance maximum value of the impedance surface unit; Determining the shape of the anisotropic holographic super surface according to the slit angles and the slit sizes of the impedance surface units at each position of the holographic super surface; The multi-vortex beam is a multi-Bessel vortex beam, and the radiation electric field comprises a vortex beam polarization mode, the radiation direction and the mode number of each Bessel vortex beam and a diffraction-free cone angle of each Bessel vortex beam; Wherein, the vortex wave beam polarization mode is linear polarization, the diffraction-free cone angle of each Bessel vortex wave beam meets (lambda/4D) < tan delta i , lambda is the wavelength of free space electromagnetic wave, D is the caliber surface size of the antenna, delta i is the diffraction-free cone angle of the ith Bessel vortex wave beam; n i is the number of modes in the propagation direction of the ith Bessel vortex beam, n i is less than or equal to-3 and less than or equal to +3, and the propagation direction of the ith Bessel vortex beam is used Represented by 0 DEG or more and then i DEG or less and then 70 DEG or less, The holographic super surface is an anisotropic super surface, the holographic super surface comprises m multiplied by n periodically arranged impedance surface units, each impedance surface unit comprises a dielectric plate, metal patches printed on the center of the upper surface of the dielectric plate and a metal floor on the lower surface, the metal patches of each impedance surface unit are different in gap angle, and the metal patches of the impedance surface units at adjacent positions are different in gap size.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the radiated electric field of the multi-vortex beam of the holographic super surface according to antenna aperture field synthesis principles comprises: Acquiring reference radiation electric fields carrying vortex beams of different modes in different propagation directions; and superposing the reference radiation electric fields of the vortex beams to obtain the radiation electric fields of the multi-vortex beam of the holographic super-surface.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining the reference radiated electric field of each vortex beam carrying different modes in different propagation directions comprises: Calculating an angular angle of a plane perpendicular to the radiation direction of the vortex beam in a hyperplane coordinate system according to the radiation direction of the vortex beam and a space coordinate conversion relation, wherein the space coordinate conversion relation is a relative position relation between a reference coordinate system of the vortex beam and the hyperplane coordinate system; and acquiring a reference radiation electric field corresponding to the vortex beam according to the angular angle.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the azimuth angle of the effective scalar impedance maximum is obtained by: Determining modulated impedance components of the impedance surface units at each position of the holographic super surface according to interference relation between the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam and the reference wave and according to the modulated tensor impedance of the impedance surface units at each position of the holographic super surface; Acquiring effective scalar impedance of the impedance surface unit at each position of the holographic super surface according to the modulation impedance component; And acquiring azimuth angles corresponding to the maximum values of the effective scalar impedances of the impedance surface units at all positions according to the expression of the effective scalar impedances.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said calculating said slit angle and said slit size of the impedance surface element at each location of said holographic super surface from a preset constraint and said modulation tensor impedance comprises: Calculating effective scalar impedance maximum values corresponding to the slit sizes of the impedance surface units at all positions of the holographic super surface by using a full-wave simulation method; fitting a relation curve between the effective scalar impedance maximum and the gap size according to the gap sizes of the impedance surface units at each position of the holographic super surface and the corresponding effective scalar impedance maximum; And calculating the gap angle and the gap size of the impedance surface unit at each position of the holographic super surface according to the relation curve.
6. A vortex beam generating device, comprising: the radiation electric field calculation unit is used for acquiring the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam of the holographic super-surface according to the antenna aperture field comprehensive principle; A surface morphology determining unit for determining a morphology of the holographic super surface according to the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam; a surface wave excitation unit for exciting a surface wave with an antenna; A beam generating unit for converting the surface wave into a multidirectional, multimode vortex beam using a holographic subsurface having the morphology; the surface morphology determining unit is used for: Calculating modulation tensor impedance between a radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam and a reference wave according to a holographic impedance reconstruction principle, wherein the reference wave is a surface wave generated by excitation of the antenna; calculating the gap angle and the gap size of the impedance surface unit at each position of the holographic super surface according to a preset constraint condition and the modulation tensor impedance, wherein the preset constraint condition is that the gap angle of an impedance surface unit is equal to the azimuth angle of the effective scalar impedance maximum value of the impedance surface unit; Determining the shape of the anisotropic holographic super surface according to the slit angles and the slit sizes of the impedance surface units at each position of the holographic super surface; The multi-vortex beam is a multi-Bessel vortex beam, and the radiation electric field comprises a vortex beam polarization mode, the radiation direction and the mode number of each Bessel vortex beam and a diffraction-free cone angle of each Bessel vortex beam; Wherein, the vortex wave beam polarization mode is linear polarization, the diffraction-free cone angle of each Bessel vortex wave beam meets (lambda/4D) < tan delta i , lambda is the wavelength of free space electromagnetic wave, D is the caliber surface size of the antenna, delta i is the diffraction-free cone angle of the ith Bessel vortex wave beam; n i is the number of modes in the propagation direction of the ith Bessel vortex beam, n i is less than or equal to-3 and less than or equal to +3, and the propagation direction of the ith Bessel vortex beam is used Represented by 0 DEG or more and then i DEG or less and then 70 DEG or less, The holographic super surface is an anisotropic super surface, the holographic super surface comprises m multiplied by n periodically arranged impedance surface units, each impedance surface unit comprises a dielectric plate, metal patches printed on the center of the upper surface of the dielectric plate and a metal floor on the lower surface, the metal patches of each impedance surface unit are different in gap angle, and the metal patches of the impedance surface units at adjacent positions are different in gap size.
7. An electronic device, comprising: A monopole antenna; Processor, and A memory arranged to store computer executable instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to perform the vortex beam generating method of any of claims 1 to 5.

Description

Vortex beam generation method and device and electronic equipment Technical Field The present application relates to the field of antenna design technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for generating a vortex beam, and an electronic device. Background With the continuous development of wireless communication technology and electronic warfare technology, the requirements on rate, channel utilization, channel capacity and effective working distance are increasing. However, according to shannon's theorem, the channel capacity is improved by the conventional technology to a near limit, and it is difficult to improve the channel capacity to a great extent. There is a great need to study new technologies to break through the traditional limitations. The occurrence of orbital angular momentum has attracted considerable attention in the theoretical world and industry, and due to the orthogonality between the modes of different orbital angular momentums and the infinite nature of the modes, channel capacity will be increased without increasing bandwidth. The traditional vortex wave beam for generating electromagnetic orbital angular momentum comprises spiral paraboloids, spiral phase plates, circular phased arrays, reflection arrays, transmission arrays, radial linear gap arrays, single antenna excitation higher order modes and other methods, and various defects exist in the methods. For example, a spiral paraboloid is manufactured into a caliber surface with a spiral shape by corner cutting based on a traditional paraboloid antenna, the generation mode is single, the processing precision requirement is high, and the structure is complex; the spiral phase plate is a dielectric plate with a spiral shape, the transmission efficiency is low, the generated beam divergence is high, the circular phased array feeds each array unit by using a complex feed network, the number of modes generating orbital angular momentum and the number of array units are related, that is to say, the number of units of the array must be correspondingly increased to increase the number of modes, contradiction between the number of the array and the spatial arrangement of an antenna limits the application of the array, the reflection array and the transmission array utilize the units to have the function of wave front phase modulation, the phase regulation is carried out on near-field spherical waves generated by an external feed source, the complex feed network is avoided, the ultra-high section caused by the external feed source greatly limits the integration of the array with other systems, the radial line slot array does not have a complex feed network, the section of the radial line array is low, the electromagnetic orbital angular momentum can be generated, but the beam can only be generated in the normal direction of the array, the application of the array is limited, the application of the array in the communication and electronic warfare field is limited, and the design process is simple, the generated by using a single patch antenna to excite the high-order patch antenna, and the generated orbital angular momentum has a large gain angle and a large gain. Disclosure of Invention The embodiment of the application provides a vortex beam generation method, a vortex beam generation device and electronic equipment, which are used for discarding a complex feed network, overcoming the defect that an oversized section caused by an air feed array is difficult to integrate with other terminals, improving the beam diffractibility and enhancing the orbital angular momentum communication quality. The embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme: in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vortex beam generating method, including: Acquiring a radiation electric field of a multi-vortex beam of the holographic super-surface according to an antenna aperture field comprehensive principle; determining the shape of the holographic super surface according to the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex wave beam; exciting a surface wave with an antenna; The surface wave is converted into a multidirectional, multimode vortex beam by using the holographic super surface having the above configuration. In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vortex beam generating device, including: the radiation electric field calculation unit is used for acquiring the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam of the holographic super-surface according to the antenna aperture field comprehensive principle; A surface morphology determining unit for determining a morphology of the holographic super surface according to the radiation electric field of the multi-vortex beam; a surface wave excitation unit for exciting a surface wave with an antenna; And a beam generating unit for converting the surface wave into a multidirectional, multimode vortex beam by us