CN-115183991-B - Optometry platform and optometry method for detecting annular focusing lens group in powder feeding cladding spray head in optometry

Abstract

The invention provides an optometry platform and an optometry method for detecting an annular focusing lens group in an internal powder feeding cladding nozzle, which comprise a parallel light source device, an annular focusing lens group and a photoelectric detection device which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path, the photoelectric detection device is arranged on the defocusing adjusting device, and the defocusing height can be adjusted through the defocusing adjusting device so as to adapt to the annular focusing lens group compatible with different focal lengths. The parallel light source device is used for obtaining parallel light beam emission, the annular focusing lens group is used for carrying out light path conversion on the incident parallel light beam, the hollow annular focusing light beam emission is obtained and projected onto the plane of the photoelectric detection device, the hollow annular focusing light spot is obtained, and the photoelectric conversion imaging is carried out through the photoelectric detection device, so that a light spot image is obtained. And judging and checking the quality defects of the annular focusing lens group under different conditions according to different results of the focusing light spots.

Inventors

• SHI TUO
• ZHANG RONGWEI
• FU GEYAN
• WEI CHAO

Assignees

• 苏州大学
• 苏州大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260421

Application Date

20220613

Priority Date

20220523

Claims (7)

1. 1. An optometry platform for inspecting an annular focusing lens group inside an in-optometry powder feeding cladding nozzle, which is characterized by comprising: A parallel light source device having a light source (11), a circular light pipe (12), and a light beam adjustment mechanism, wherein the light source (11) is configured to emit a light beam toward the circular light pipe (12), the circular light pipe (12) is configured to collimate the incident light beam and output a parallel light beam (17), and the light beam adjustment mechanism is configured to adjust a pitch angle and/or an inclination angle of the output parallel light beam (17); The annular focusing lens group is positioned below the parallel light source device and is used for focusing an incident parallel light beam (17) to obtain an annular focusing light beam (26) to be emitted; The photoelectric detection device comprises a photoelectric conversion sensor (50) for imaging, is positioned below the annular focusing lens group, and is used for projecting an annular focusing light beam (26) focused and emitted by the annular focusing lens group to the surface of the photoelectric detection device to form an annular focusing light spot and imaging the annular focusing light spot through the photoelectric detection device to obtain a light spot image; The defocusing adjusting device is positioned below the annular focusing lens group and is provided with a defocusing platform (31) for supporting a photoelectric detection device, and the photoelectric detection device is positioned at the center of the defocusing platform (31); In the parallel light source device, a circular light pipe (12) is positioned in the emergent direction of a light source (11); the circular light pipe (12) comprises a transition section (12A) and a collimating lens barrel (12B), wherein the light source (11) is connected to the transition section (12A) and emits a light beam towards a cylindrical hollow inner cavity defined by the transition section (12A); The collimating lens barrel (12B) is fixed below the transition section (12A) and is used for collimating the light beam passing through the transition section (12A); The parallel light source device also comprises a first fixed ring (13) and a second fixed ring (14); The first fixing ring (13) is sleeved outside the light source (11), and the first fixing ring (13) is provided with light source adjusting screws (131) along the warp direction and is used for adjusting the position and/or the posture of the light source (11) relative to the circular light pipe (12); The second fixing ring (14) is sleeved outside one end, far away from the light source (11), of the circular light pipe (12), collimator fixing screws (141) are arranged on the second fixing ring (14) along the radial direction, and the positions and/or the postures of the circular light pipe (12) are adjusted through the collimator fixing screws (141) so that the circular light pipe and the light source (11) are coaxially arranged; The first fixing ring (13) is provided with a plurality of light source adjusting screws (131) along the circumferential direction and are uniformly arranged, and each light source adjusting screw (131) is inserted into and passes through a threaded hole on the first fixing ring (13) along the radial direction so as to be abutted to the circumferential outer wall of the light source (11); The second fixing ring (14) is provided with a plurality of collimator fixing screws (141) along the circumferential direction and are uniformly arranged, and each collimator fixing screw (141) is inserted into and passes through a threaded hole on the second fixing ring (14) along the radial direction so as to be abutted to the circumferential outer wall of a collimating lens barrel (12B) of the circular light pipe (11); The light beam adjusting mechanism comprises a pitching angle fine tuning plate (15), a fixed connecting plate (16) and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the fixed connecting plate (16) are respectively fixed with a first fixed ring (13) and a second fixed ring (14), the adjusting mechanism is arranged between the pitching angle fine tuning plate (15) and the fixed connecting plate (16), and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the pitching angle and/or the tilting angle of the parallel light beam (17); the adjusting mechanism comprises a pitching adjusting mechanism and a tilting adjusting mechanism; the pitching adjusting mechanism is arranged at a position adjacent to the upper end of the pitching tilting fine adjustment plate (15) and is used for adjusting the front pitching and the back pitching of the parallel light beams; The tilt adjusting mechanism is arranged at a position adjacent to the lower end of the pitching tilt fine adjustment plate (15) and is used for adjusting the left-right tilt of the parallel light beams.
2. 2. The optometry platform for detecting the internal annular focusing lens group of the powder feeding cladding nozzle in optometry according to claim 1, wherein the annular focusing lens group comprises a conical lens (21), a focusing annular lens group (22), a lens group support (23), a movable base (24) and a platform base (25), the conical lens (21) is located at the central position of the annular focusing lens group and is used for receiving parallel light beams (17) to enter, the focusing annular lens group (22) is opposite to the conical lens (21) and is coaxially arranged on the lens group support (23), the conical lens (21), the focusing annular lens group (22) and the lens group support (23) are coaxially arranged and placed above the movable base (24), and the movable base (24) is fixed on the platform base (25).
3. 3. The optometry platform for inspecting an annular focusing lens set inside an in-optotype powder delivery cladding nozzle of claim 2, wherein the moving base (24) comprises a fixed slide (241), a slide fine tuning knob (242), and a slide grooved plate (243); the sliding block groove disc (243) is positioned below the lens group bracket (23) and is used for supporting the lens group bracket (23); The upper surface of the sliding block groove disc (243) is uniformly provided with a plurality of linear grooves along the circumferential direction, and each fixed sliding block (242) arranged along the circumferential direction is embedded into the corresponding linear groove of the sliding block groove disc (243) and can linearly move along the notch direction so as to accommodate and place the lens group brackets (23) with different diameters; The slider fine tuning knobs (242) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fixed sliders (241) and are used for radially adjusting the positions of the lens group supports (23) supported in the slider groove discs (243).
4. 4. A refraction platform for inspecting an annular focusing lens assembly inside a powder feeding cladding nozzle in refraction according to claim 3, wherein the slide block groove plate (243) comprises a central round hole and the linear grooves uniformly arranged on the periphery of the central round hole, and the lens assembly bracket (23) is supported in the central round hole; The slider fine tuning knobs (242) are in threaded connection with the corresponding fixed sliders (241), the slider fine tuning knobs (242) penetrate through the fixed sliders (241) and are abutted to the periphery of the lens group support (23), and the positions of the annular focusing lens groups are radially fine-tuned by rotating the slider fine tuning knobs (242) to enable the annular focusing lens groups to be centered with the parallel light source devices, so that the coaxial axis distribution is formed with the parallel light source devices.
5. 5. The optometry platform for detecting the internal annular focusing lens group of the powder feeding cladding nozzle in optometry according to claim 1, characterized in that the defocusing adjusting device further comprises a bottom plate (36), a defocusing height adjusting mechanism and a fine adjusting knob (32), wherein the defocusing height adjusting mechanism is arranged between the upper surface of the bottom plate (36) and the defocusing platform (31), the defocusing height adjusting mechanism comprises a scissor structure formed by hinging two brackets (34) through the middle, two lower arms of the scissor structure are located in a chute arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate (36), a screw rod is arranged at the position of two upper arms of the scissor structure, the fine adjusting knob (32) is arranged at the tail end of the screw rod, the screw rod is rotated by rotating the fine adjusting knob (32) to drive the two lower arms of the scissor structure to slide in a chute arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate (36), and the height of the defocusing platform (31) is adjusted to adjust the defocusing height.
6. 6. The optometry platform for inspecting an annular focusing lens assembly inside an in-optometry powder delivery cladding nozzle of claim 5, wherein the adjustment mechanism employs a threaded spherical support universal assembly to achieve pitch and/or tilt adjustment, wherein: the pitching adjusting mechanism comprises a set of threaded spherical supporting universal assemblies, and the threaded spherical supporting universal assemblies are arranged on central axes corresponding to the upper end positions of the pitching inclination fine adjustment plates (15); The tilt adjusting mechanism comprises two sets of threaded spherical support universal assemblies, and the threaded spherical support universal assemblies are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a central axis corresponding to the lower end position of the pitching tilt fine adjustment plate (15); The threaded spherical support universal assembly comprises a ball head rod (18), a ball head rod fixing nut (151), a ball head groove (19) and adjusting screws (20 and 21), wherein the ball head rod fixing nut (151) is arranged on a pitching tilting fine adjustment plate (15) and is respectively arranged corresponding to the positions of a pitching adjusting mechanism and a tilting adjusting mechanism; The ball head rod (18) comprises a ball head part and an external threaded rod part, and the external threaded rod part is screwed into the ball head rod fixing nut (151) and locked and fixed; The ball head groove (19) comprises a ball head groove and an internal thread groove, and the ball head part of the ball head rod (18) is positioned in the ball head groove of the ball head groove (19) and hinged with the ball head groove; The adjusting screws (20, 21) penetrate through the light holes formed in the fixed connecting plate (16) and are in threaded connection with the inner threaded grooves of the ball head grooves (19), and the adjustment of pitching and/or tilting of the parallel light beams is achieved through the tightness adjustment of the adjusting screws (20, 21) corresponding to the pitching adjusting mechanism and the tilting adjusting mechanism in the corresponding inner threaded grooves.
7. 7. An optometry method based on the optometry platform for inspecting the annular focusing lens group inside the powder feeding cladding nozzle in optometry according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, a parallel light source device vertically emits parallel light beams, which specifically comprises the steps of sequentially assembling a light source (11), a transition section (12A) of a circular light pipe (12) and a collimating lens barrel (12B), and collimating the light beams emitted by the light source (11) through the collimating lens barrel (12B) to obtain parallel light beams (17) for emitting; firstly, a light source adjusting screw (131) and a collimator fixing screw (141) are rotated to realize preliminary adjustment and correction of the parallel light beams on the space position, and then, a light beam adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the space posture of a pitching inclined fine adjustment plate (15) to realize adjustment of the pitching angle and/or the inclination angle of the parallel light beams (17) and realize vertical ejection of the parallel light beams from a parallel light source device; step 2, the space position of the annular focusing lens group is radially adjusted, so that the central axis of the annular focusing lens group is coaxial with the central axis of the vertical incidence parallel light beam, and the vertical incidence parallel light beam is focused by the annular focusing lens group to obtain a hollow annular focusing light beam (26) to be emitted; step 3, dynamically adjusting a focusing light spot of the hollow annular focusing light beam on the defocusing platform, wherein the focusing light spot comprises a hollow annular focusing light beam (26) which is obtained by coaxially and perpendicularly projecting a parallel light beam (17) into an annular focusing lens group and performing light path conversion, and projecting the hollow annular focusing light beam onto a plane of a photoelectric detection device to form the focusing light spot; And rotating a fine tuning knob of the defocusing adjusting device to drive a defocusing platform (31) to move up and down so as to adjust the defocusing height, and projecting a hollow annular focusing light beam (26) on the plane of the photoelectric detection device to form an annular focusing light spot for detecting the appearance quality of the annular light spot.

Description

Optometry platform and optometry method for detecting annular focusing lens group in powder feeding cladding spray head in optometry Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an optometry platform and an optometry method for inspecting an annular focusing lens group in an internal powder feeding cladding nozzle. Background The laser cladding technology is an advanced manufacturing technology combining a laser technology and an additive manufacturing technology, and has been rapidly developed in recent years. The laser cladding technology has the advantages of low dilution rate, small heat input, wide materials and the like, is developed into various different types in the process of industrialized application, and is widely applied to various fields typified by additive manufacturing, remanufacturing and surface engineering, such as metal 3D printing, surface modification of materials, repair of invalid parts and the like. According to the type of the material and the coupling form of the material and the laser beam, the common laser cladding technology can be divided into a powder feeding type laser cladding technology (mainly comprising coaxial powder feeding and paraxial powder feeding), a high-speed laser cladding technology and a high-speed wire laser cladding technology. The cladding head of the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology adopts a circular light spot scheme with central light emission, the surrounding of a light beam is annularly fed with powder or a plurality of beams of powder feeding, a special protection gas channel is arranged, the powder beams, the light beams and the protection gas flow intersect at one point, a molten pool is formed at the focus during cladding operation, and a coating layer is formed on the surface of a workpiece along with the relative movement of the cladding head and the workpiece. The metal 3D printing based on the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology is mainly applied to net near forming of large parts and preparation of gradient materials. The existing laser cladding technology adopts a plurality of coaxial powder feeding cladding heads outside light, has the advantages of small heat input, good molten pool protection effect, uniform heat transfer, good crack resistance of cladding layers, wide material adaptation and the like, but the powder feeding nozzle is generally multi-powder beam, annular powder beam inclined conveying, low coupling precision of spraying and working light spots, short light powder coupling interval, large converging powder spots, easy misplacement of light powder and other common defects, and meanwhile, the laser beam and the multi-powder beam are seriously converged by spraying in multiple directions in space, the powder utilization rate is low, the problem of larger splashing pollution is caused, and meanwhile, the problems of high middle and weak sides of the energy bands of scanning light spots, serious surface adhesion of formed parts, higher roughness and the like exist. The laser inner powder feeding cladding nozzle can realize the transmission, transformation, focusing and synchronous conveying of cladding materials of laser beams, realize the accurate coupling among the laser beams, the cladding materials and a molten pool on the surface of a base material and continuously form a cladding layer, wherein the shaping transformation focusing of the laser beams is a key technology of the laser inner coaxial powder feeding cladding technology of hollow annular focusing beams. As a cladding nozzle of key parts, small-batch production is realized at present, and due to the lack of an optometry platform special for inspecting the lens group in the powder feeding cladding nozzle in the type of light, the beam shaping quality of the lens group can only be inspected after the assembly of all parts is finished at present. If the processing quality problem of the lens group part occurs, the lens group part can only be re-disassembled and reworked for repair. Due to the lack of a checking link after the manufacture of the optical device, the subsequent unnecessary flow time is increased, and the assembly efficiency is reduced. For example, the parallel light emitted by the parallel light source device of the optometry platform is incident into the annular lens group, an inverted cone-shaped hollow annular focusing light beam is formed under the light path conversion of the lens group, a focusing light spot is formed when the hollow annular focusing light beam is projected onto a plane, and if the lens group has machining performance defects or deformation, the lens group is projected and fed back to the shape and brightness of the focusing light spot. However, the shape and brightness of the focusing light spot can be affected by the coaxiality error of the incident parallel light and the lens group, so that the judgment of the defects and deformation of