CN-115295931-B - Alkali metal-air rechargeable battery

Abstract

The invention relates generally to an alkali metal-air rechargeable battery comprising a battery chamber filled with an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt non-aqueous solution or a molten alkali metal salt having an operating temperature at which water remains in a gaseous state. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery can prevent alkali metal in the battery from contacting oxygen and water, so that unnecessary chemical reaction after the alkali metal with active chemical property is contacted is avoided, and the use safety of the battery is threatened.

Inventors

• Yu Zhoucheng
• Yu Jingchen
• Qian Jingze
• YU QIFENG

Assignees

• 苏州云逸航空复合材料结构有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20220811

Claims (11)

1. 1. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery is characterized by comprising a battery cavity, wherein electrolyte is filled in the battery cavity, and the adopted electrolyte is as follows: selected from the group consisting of having an operating temperature that maintains water in a gaseous state, and Is an alkali metal salt non-aqueous system the solution or molten alkali metal salt, The battery cavity comprises a negative electrode part, a communicating part and a positive electrode part, wherein the lower part of the negative electrode part is communicated with the lower part of the positive electrode part through the communicating part, the upper part of the negative electrode part is separated from the upper part of the positive electrode part, the negative electrode is arranged on the upper part of the negative electrode part, the positive electrode is arranged on the upper part of the positive electrode part, The height of the positive electrode part is higher than that of the negative electrode part, and the electrolyte is filled in the negative electrode part and the communicating part.
2. 2. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte filling level is also lower than the height of the positive electrode portion so that a cavity is formed above the level of the electrolyte in the positive electrode portion.
3. 3. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 2, wherein the top of the positive electrode part is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet.
4. 4. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein said positive and negative electrodes have a porous structure.
5. 5. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 1, further comprising a separator body having an OH - ion conductivity, said separator body being disposed in cooperation with a lower portion of the positive electrode portion and covering a communication position between the communication portion and the positive electrode portion.
6. 6. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 5, wherein said separator is a solid hydrotalcite.
7. 7. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal salt comprises an alkali metal hydroxide.
8. 8. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 7, wherein the alkali metal salt further comprises one or more of an alkali metal nitrate, an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal formate, and an alkali metal acetate.
9. 9. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent of the alkali metal salt non-aqueous solution is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane.
10. 10. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 1, further comprising a heating mechanism disposed in heat transfer communication with the battery cavity.
11. 11. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery of claim 1, wherein said battery chamber is surrounded by a thermal insulation layer.

Description

Alkali metal-air rechargeable battery Technical Field The invention mainly relates to a structure of a high-temperature chemical battery, in particular to an alkali metal-air rechargeable battery. Background Currently, most air cells use an aqueous electrolyte, and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such as KOH/NaOH or an aqueous solution of chloride such as KCl/NaCl is used as the electrolyte. When the battery is discharged, air and water react to produce OH - ions at the positive electrode end of the battery: O2+2H2O+4e-→4OH- at the negative electrode of the battery, the metal element M loses electrons to become corresponding ions M x+ (X is the charge price of the metal M), and then the metal element M x+ ions and OH - ions are combined in the electrolyte. The products of metals such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, tin and the like and OH - are precipitated in water, and the ionization degree is low, so that it is difficult to completely reversely charge by ionization, and the discharge process of the air battery corresponding to the metals is mostly irreversible. In addition, hydroxides of alkaline metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium and the like are very soluble in water, but these metals are more active than elemental hydrogen, and an aqueous solution of the hydroxides of the corresponding alkaline metals is electrolyzed to produce only H 2 at the negative electrode of the battery, without producing the corresponding metal element, so that it is also difficult to realize reversible charging of the corresponding air battery. Disclosure of Invention The main purpose of the invention is to prevent the alkali metal simple substance generated in the charging process of the alkali metal-air battery from contacting with oxygen and water. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an alkali metal-air rechargeable battery, comprising a battery cavity filled with an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is used as the battery cavity: selected from the group consisting of having an operating temperature that maintains water in a gaseous state, and Is an alkali metal salt non-aqueous system a solution or a molten alkali metal salt. In some embodiments of the invention, the battery cavity comprises a negative electrode part, a communicating part and a positive electrode part, wherein the lower part of the negative electrode part is communicated with the lower part of the positive electrode part through the communicating part, the upper part of the negative electrode part is separated from the upper part of the positive electrode part, the negative electrode is arranged on the upper part of the negative electrode part, and the positive electrode is arranged on the upper part of the positive electrode part. In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode portion is higher than the negative electrode portion, and the electrolyte is filled in the negative electrode portion and the communicating portion. In some embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte fill level is also lower than the height of the positive electrode portion so that a cavity is formed above the level of electrolyte in the positive electrode portion. In some embodiments of the invention, the top of the positive electrode portion is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. In some embodiments of the invention, the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a porous structure. In some embodiments of the present invention, the separator further comprises a separator body having OH-ion conductivity, wherein the separator body is cooperatively disposed at the lower portion of the positive electrode portion and covers the communication position between the communication portion and the positive electrode portion. In some embodiments of the invention, the separator is a solid hydrotalcite. In some embodiments of the invention, the alkali metal salt comprises an alkali metal hydroxide. In some embodiments of the invention, the alkali metal salt further comprises one or more of an alkali metal nitrate, an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal formate, an alkali metal acetate. In some embodiments of the invention, the solvent of the alkali metal salt non-aqueous solution is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane. In some embodiments of the invention, a heating mechanism is also included, the heating mechanism being disposed in heat transfer communication with the battery cavity. In some embodiments of the invention, the battery chamber is provided with an insulating layer. The alkali metal-air rechargeable battery can prevent alkali metal in the battery from contacting oxygen and water, so that unnecessary chemical reaction after the alkali metal with active chemical property is contacted is avoided, and the use safety of the battery is threatened. Drawings Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an alkali metal-air rechargeable batt