CN-115954662-B - Millimeter wave broadband quasi-plane end-fire antenna

CN115954662BCN 115954662 BCN115954662 BCN 115954662BCN-115954662-B

Abstract

The invention provides a millimeter wave broadband quasi-plane end-fire antenna which comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal patch, a metal floor and a feed transmission line, wherein the metal patch is fixed on a first side wall of the dielectric substrate, the first side wall is parallel to a YZ plane, the metal floor and the metal patch are arranged at intervals, the metal floor and the feed transmission line are embedded in the dielectric substrate, the metal floor is provided with a dielectric hole, one end of the feed transmission line is connected with an external circuit, and the other end of the feed transmission line extends towards the metal patch along the X direction and penetrates through the dielectric hole. According to the millimeter wave broadband quasi-plane end-fire antenna provided by the invention, the metal patch, the metal floor and the feed transmission line can be integrally formed by 3-D printing with the dielectric substrate, so that the deterioration of the antenna performance caused by adopting the traditional structures such as the metal through holes, the metal conduction bands and the like is avoided, the working bandwidth of the antenna is obviously increased by reasonably arranging the feed structure, and the compensation of the antenna gain is realized by selectively 'digging' the dielectric block on the dielectric substrate.

Inventors

LU YUEGUANG
LI JIN
HONG KAIDONG
YUAN TAO

Assignees

深圳大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230110

Claims (9)

1. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-plane end-fire antenna is provided with two orthogonal X directions, Y directions and Z directions, and is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a metal patch, a metal floor and a feed transmission line, wherein the metal patch is fixed on a first side wall of the dielectric substrate, the first side wall is parallel to a YZ plane, the metal floor and the metal patch are arranged at intervals, the metal floor and the feed transmission line are embedded in the dielectric substrate, the metal floor is provided with a dielectric hole, one end of a metal conduction band of the feed transmission line is connected with an external circuit, the other end of the metal conduction band of the feed transmission line penetrates through the dielectric hole along the X direction and extends towards the metal patch, and a grounding conductor plate of the feed transmission line is connected and conducted with the metal floor; The feed transmission line comprises an L-shaped probe and a grounding coplanar waveguide, the grounding coplanar waveguide comprises a metal conduction band and a grounding conductor plate, the L-shaped probe and the grounding coplanar waveguide are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the metal floor in the X direction, the L-shaped probe is close to the metal patch, the L-shaped probe and the grounding coplanar waveguide are connected and conducted at a dielectric hole, and the grounding conductor plate of the grounding coplanar waveguide is connected and conducted with the metal floor.
2. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein a first slot body is formed in the dielectric substrate, the first slot body is arranged between the metal patch and the metal floor, the first slot body penetrates through two sides of the dielectric substrate along the Z direction, two second slot bodies are formed in the dielectric substrate at the first side wall, the two second slot bodies are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the metal patch in the Y direction, and the second slot bodies penetrate through two sides of the dielectric substrate along the Z direction.
3. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of claim 2, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with two third slot bodies at the first side wall, the two third slot bodies are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the metal patch in the Y direction, and the third slot bodies penetrate through one side of the dielectric substrate along the Z direction.
4. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of claim 3, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with two fourth slot bodies at a second side wall, the second side wall is parallel to the XY plane, the two fourth slot bodies are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the metal patch in the Y direction, and the fourth slot bodies penetrate through one side of the dielectric substrate along the Z direction.
5. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of claim 4, wherein the second slot, the third slot and the fourth slot are progressively more distant from the metal patch on one side of the metal patch.
6. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of claim 4, wherein the first slot, the second slot, the third slot and the fourth slot are rectangular slots, or wherein the first slot, the second slot, the third slot and the fourth slot are trapezoidal slots, and wherein the second slot, the third slot and the fourth slot are in communication with each other, or wherein at least one of the first slot, the second slot, the third slot and the fourth slot is a rectangular slot, and at least one of the first slot, the second slot, the third slot and the fourth slot is a trapezoidal slot.
7. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of claim 4, wherein said feed transmission line has a central symmetry plane parallel to the XZ plane, said first slot being symmetrically disposed about said central symmetry plane, two said second slots being symmetrically disposed about said central symmetry plane, two said third slots being symmetrically disposed about said central symmetry plane, and two said fourth slots being symmetrically disposed about said central symmetry plane.
8. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of any one of claims 1-7, wherein said L-shaped probe comprises a first metal conduction band and a metal post connected with each other, the length direction of said first metal conduction band is the X direction, the length direction of said metal post is the Z direction, and said first metal conduction band is connected and conducted with the metal conduction band of said grounded coplanar waveguide at said dielectric hole.
9. The millimeter wave broadband quasi-planar end-fire antenna of any one of claims 1-7, wherein said metal patch, said metal floor, said feed transmission line and said dielectric substrate are integrally 3-D printed.

Description

Millimeter wave broadband quasi-plane end-fire antenna Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave broadband quasi-plane end-fire antenna. Background With the development of 5G wireless communication technology, the trend of applying a wireless communication system of millimeter wave frequency band to mobile terminal devices is increasingly remarkable. For new generation mobile terminals and wearable devices, the radiation range of the antenna needs to cover the top of the user environment and around, which requires the device to integrate the side-fire and end-fire antennas at the same time. An edge-fire antenna is an antenna type in which the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is perpendicular to the antenna element, and is mainly characterized in that the radiation range of the antenna covers the position right above the antenna element. An end-fire antenna is an antenna type in which the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is parallel to the antenna element, and is mainly characterized in that the radiation range of the antenna covers the side of the antenna element. The most representative of the side-fire antennas is a patch antenna, which is of a planar structure, and the theoretical basis and the processing technology are mature. Most of the end-fire antennas are of cavity or quasi-planar structures, the structures are relatively complex, and theoretical and technological researches on the end-fire antennas are urgent to deepen. In the conventional art, the main types of radiating elements of the end-fire antennas are planar yagi antennas, horn antennas, folded antennas, and grid antennas. A planar yagi antenna is a typical end-fire antenna, and is composed of three parts, namely a director, an active oscillator and a reflector, and the type of antenna can only realize end-fire performance in a horizontal polarization mode and has a narrow bandwidth. Horn antenna can realize end-fire performance under horizontal and vertical polarization modes, but its volume is too big, is difficult to integrate on small-size mobile terminal equipment. The folded antenna uses two parallel metal plates, and the perpendicularly polarized end-fire performance is achieved by feeding a probe or a radiating patch between the parallel metal plates, and inducing a perpendicularly polarized electric field between the parallel metal plates. However, the induced electric field is constrained by the parallel metal plate structure, so that it is difficult to radiate outwards, resulting in serious degradation of the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The grid antenna is an antenna type that uses several metallized vias and metal strips to form an equivalent planar radiating element. The grid antenna can realize end emission and side emission, and has the advantages of wide band, low profile, miniaturization and the like. Therefore, the grid antenna is a planar end-fire antenna type suitable for new generation mobile terminals and wearable devices, and the flexible design scheme and manufacturing process thereof have been one of the important points of industry. However, the grid antenna of the vertical polarization mode has the technical problems that firstly, the grid antenna structure needs to be pressed and molded by a multi-layer Printed Circuit Board (PCB), the thickness of the PCB needs to be fine enough to obtain a good feed point, which is a great technical challenge and high manufacturing cost for the traditional PCB technology, and secondly, if the grid antenna of the vertical polarization mode is to be realized, namely, the normal direction of an equivalent planar radiating unit is along the horizontal direction, in order to ensure the size of the radiating unit (mainly determined by the working frequency), the number of layers of the PCB needing to be pressed is more, the manufacturing cost is more expensive, the accumulated error in the manufacturing process is large, the radio frequency performance of the antenna is difficult to ensure, and great processing risk exists. PCB and low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) processes are the dominant manufacturing processes for existing planar antennas, both of which can be used to manufacture mesh antennas. When the multilayer high-density interconnection transmission line circuit structure is manufactured by adopting the two processes, the processing difficulty of the metallized through holes is high, and the processing cost is directly related to the complexity of the circuit structure and the lamination layer number. If the two processes are used to manufacture the end-fire antenna in the vertical polarization mode, the radio frequency performance of the antenna is severely limited by the structure, layer thickness and lamination layer number of the circuit board. Specifically, the fewer the lamination layers of the circuit board, the lower the processing cost and the smaller