CN-115963535-B - Method, device, equipment and storage medium for processing linear noise of seismic data

CN115963535BCN 115963535 BCN115963535 BCN 115963535BCN-115963535-B

Abstract

The application discloses a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for processing linear noise of seismic data, which comprise the steps of obtaining seismic data, carrying out inscription processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data comprises direct wave signals and refraction wave signals, carrying out linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on direct wave speeds to obtain second seismic data, carrying out linear radon transformation processing on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in a linear radon domain, extracting the direct wave signals and refraction wave signals in the linear radon domain from the third seismic data, carrying out linear radon inverse transformation on the direct wave signals and refraction wave signals in the linear radon domain to obtain noise data, removing the noise data from the seismic data to obtain target seismic data, subtracting the direct wave and refraction wave from the seismic data, realizing shallow linear noise suppression of the seismic data, and protecting shallow effective signals of a far offset distance.

Inventors

CHEN LINQIAN

Assignees

中国石油化工股份有限公司
中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20211009

Claims (7)

1. A method for processing linear noise of seismic data, the method comprising: Acquiring seismic data; Performing inscribing processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data comprises direct wave signals and refraction wave signals; Performing linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave speed to obtain second seismic data; Performing linear radon transformation on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in a linear radon domain; Extracting a direct wave signal and a refraction wave signal in a linear radon domain from the third seismic data, and carrying out linear radon inverse transformation on the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in the linear radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data are the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in a time distance domain; Removing the noise data from the seismic data to obtain target seismic data; The third seismic data comprises direct wave signals and refracted wave signals, and the extracting of the direct wave signals and the refracted wave signals in the linear radon domain from the third seismic data comprises the following steps: Acquiring ray parameters of a direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in a linear radon domain; extracting a direct wave signal and a refracted wave signal from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters; wherein the extracting direct wave signals and refracted wave signals from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters includes: extracting a direct wave signal corresponding to the ray parameter with zero value; Extracting a refraction wave signal corresponding to the ray parameter with a negative value; The second seismic data comprises a horizontal direct wave, an upturned refraction wave and a hyperbolic effective wave which are bent downwards; The third seismic data further comprises reflected waves, and the direct wave signals, the refracted wave signals and the reflected waves are distributed in three different areas respectively.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing linear radon transform processing on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in a linear radon domain comprises: And carrying out linear radon transformation on the second earthquake based on the radon positive transformation expression to obtain third earthquake data of a linear radon domain, wherein the radon positive transformation expression is as follows: Wherein, the Is that The intercept time is t, P is a ray parameter, x is an offset distance, S is an amplitude value of a linear radon domain, and P is an amplitude value of a time distance domain when traveling in double-journey.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said subjecting the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear radon domain to linear radon inverse transform obtains noise data, comprising: performing linear radon inverse transformation on the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in the linear radon domain based on a linear radon inverse transformation expression to obtain noise data, wherein the linear radon inverse transformation expression is as follows: Wherein, the Is that The intercept time is t, P is a ray parameter, x is an offset distance, S is an amplitude value of a linear radon domain, and P is an amplitude value of a time distance domain when traveling in double-journey.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said removing the noise data from the seismic data results in target seismic data, comprising: calculating the target seismic data by a first calculation formula, wherein the first calculation formula is: Wherein, the To remove the direct wave and refracted wave-back seismic records, As a result of the original seismic data, Is an inverse transform of the linear radon, Is a linear radon forward transform, In order to correct for the linear motion, Is the first seismic data after inscription, Is the direct wave velocity.
5. A seismic data processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising: The first acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data; The first processing module is used for carrying out inscribing processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data comprises direct wave signals and refraction wave signals; The second processing module is used for carrying out linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave speed to obtain second seismic data; The third processing module is used for carrying out linear radon transformation processing on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in a linear radon domain; The second acquisition module is used for extracting a direct wave signal and a refraction wave signal in a linear radon domain from the third seismic data, and carrying out linear radon inverse transformation on the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in the linear radon domain to acquire noise data, wherein the noise data are the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in a time distance domain; The removing module is used for removing the noise data from the seismic data to obtain target seismic data; the third seismic data comprises direct wave signals and refraction wave signals; wherein the apparatus further comprises: The third acquisition module is used for acquiring ray parameters of the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in a linear radon domain; The extraction module is used for extracting a direct wave signal and a refraction wave signal from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters; wherein, the extraction module is further used for: extracting a direct wave signal corresponding to the ray parameter with zero value; Extracting a refraction wave signal corresponding to the ray parameter with a negative value; The second seismic data comprises a horizontal direct wave, an upturned refraction wave and a hyperbolic effective wave which are bent downwards; The third seismic data further comprises reflected waves, and the direct wave signals, the refracted wave signals and the reflected waves are distributed in three different areas respectively.
6. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; A reservoir; One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the storage configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs configured to perform the method of processing seismic data linear noise of any of claims 1-4.
7. A computer readable storage medium having program code stored thereon, the program code being callable by one or more processors to perform the method of processing seismic data linear noise according to any one of claims 1-4.

Description

Method, device, equipment and storage medium for processing linear noise of seismic data Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of seismic exploration data processing, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for processing linear noise of seismic data. Background In the field-collected seismic data, shallow linear noise, namely direct wave and refraction wave, is very strong in energy, pollutes shallow effective signals, influences accuracy of speed modeling, and in the data processing process, interference of the direct wave and refraction wave on other effective signals needs to be solved first. The direct wave and the refraction wave are cut off by a conventional processing method, but the direct wave and the refraction wave are cut off, and shallow information with a far offset distance is cut off at the same time, so that the speed modeling and imaging of the shallow are not facilitated. Aiming at the defects of the cutting method and the linear characteristics of the direct wave, the direct wave and the refraction wave are attenuated by a direct filtering method in the related technology, the method effectively protects the effective signals of the shallow long offset distance while realizing the suppression of the direct wave and the refraction wave, but the direct filtering method is adopted to suppress the direct wave and the refraction wave, so that more noise and false frequency are easily generated, and the signal to noise ratio of the shallow effective signals is also reduced. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the application provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for processing linear noise of seismic data, which are used for filtering shallow linear noise data by adopting linear radon transformation according to the characteristics of the seismic data in a linear radon domain, so as to greatly protect effective signals with long offset distances. In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing linear noise of seismic data, including: Acquiring seismic data; Performing inscribing processing on the seismic data to obtain first seismic data, wherein the first seismic data comprises direct wave signals and refraction wave signals; Performing linear dynamic correction processing on the first seismic data based on the direct wave speed to obtain second seismic data; Performing linear radon transformation on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in a linear radon domain; Extracting a direct wave signal and a refraction wave signal in a linear radon domain from the third seismic data, and carrying out linear radon inverse transformation on the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in the linear radon domain to obtain noise data, wherein the noise data are the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in a time distance domain; And removing the noise data from the seismic data to obtain target seismic data. Further, the performing linear radon transformation on the second seismic data to obtain third seismic data in a linear radon domain includes: performing linear radon transformation on the second earthquake based on the radon positive transformation expression to obtain third earthquake data of a linear radon domain, wherein the radon positive transformation expression, τ=t-px Where τ is the intercept time when x=0, t is the ray parameter when traveling in double, P is the offset, S is the amplitude value of the linear radon domain, and P is the amplitude value of the time distance domain. Further, the third seismic data includes a direct wave signal and a refracted wave signal, and the extracting the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear radon domain from the third seismic data includes: Acquiring ray parameters of a direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in a linear radon domain; And extracting a direct wave signal and a refraction wave signal from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters. Further, the extracting the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal from the third seismic data based on the ray parameters includes: extracting a direct wave signal corresponding to the ray parameter with zero value; and extracting a refraction wave signal corresponding to the ray parameter with a negative value. Further, the performing linear radon inverse transformation on the direct wave signal and the refracted wave signal in the linear radon domain to obtain noise data includes: performing linear radon inverse transformation on the direct wave signal and the refraction wave signal in the linear radon domain based on a linear radon inverse transformation expression to obtain noise data, wherein the linear radon inverse transformation expression is as follows: t=τ+px where τ is the intercept time when x=0, t is the ray parameter when traveling in double, P is the offset, S is the a