CN-116006583-B - Ceramic composite material bearing and preparation method thereof

CN116006583BCN 116006583 BCN116006583 BCN 116006583BCN-116006583-B

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceramic composite material bearing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are integrally designed and prepared by a continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composite material, and winding woven fiber cloth on the outer surfaces of the outer ring and the inner ring mold to obtain a preform, and sequentially depositing an interface layer and a ceramic matrix on the surface of the fiber preform. The ceramic composite material bearing with high temperature resistance, high toughness, high wear resistance and other comprehensive performances is obtained through the thermal and physical compatibility matching design of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing and the ceramic roller. The bearing has simple structure, and does not need accessories such as a supporting frame, a dust cover, lubricating grease and the like. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the bearing. The preparation method can be used for preparing the ceramic bearing with larger size, and can obviously improve the impact resistance of the bearing under high-temperature and complex load environments.

Inventors

FU ZHIQIANG
MU YANGYANG
CHEN XIANG
LIU CHIDONG
CHENG LAIFEI

Assignees

西北工业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20230117
Priority Date: 20221126

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of a ceramic composite material bearing is characterized in that an inner ring (4) and an outer ring (1) of the bearing are made of a continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composite material, annular pieces with grooves are arranged on the outer side of the inner ring (4) and the inner side of the outer ring (1), the two grooves are integrated and internally provided with rollers (2), the rollers (2) are made of block pure ceramic materials, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are of an integrated structure, an inner ring filling opening (3) is arranged on the side edge of the inner ring (4) of the bearing, an outer ring filling opening (5) is arranged on the side edge of the outer ring (1), and a circular hole for filling the rollers (2) is formed by the two filling openings; The method comprises the following steps: step1, designing and manufacturing a die, namely adopting electrode graphite or high-strength graphite to process a cylindrical die blank according to the inner surface of an outer ring of a bearing, and processing a cylindrical die blank according to the inner surface of the inner ring of the bearing; machining and removing the core part of the die blank to form a cylinder with the wall thickness of 2-5 mm; Processing vent holes with diameters of 3-8 mm and vent hole spacing of 12-30 mm along the normal direction of the cylindrical surface to prepare an outer ring and a mold of the outer ring; Winding the woven fiber cloth on the outer surface of the outer ring die, winding the woven fiber cloth on the outer surface of the inner ring die, and sewing the woven fiber cloth wound on the inner ring die by adopting carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber as a suture line to prepare an outer ring and an inner ring preform; Step 3, densifying and processing the fiber preform, namely sequentially depositing an interface layer and a ceramic matrix on the surface of the fiber preform by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method, and then removing a die; the thickness of the interface layer is 100-600 nm; The interfacial layer material is pyrolytic carbon or boron nitride; the ceramic matrix is silicon carbide or silicon nitride; step 4, polishing grooves, namely grinding the grooves of the inner ring and the outer ring by adopting a diamond grinding head, and coating diamond grinding paste on the surfaces of the grinding head and the grooves during grinding, and respectively performing rough polishing, semi-finish polishing and finish polishing; Step 5, assembling the bearing, namely fixing an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing on a centering tool, enabling the inner ring and the outer ring to be coaxial, enabling two end faces to be flush, adjusting the circumferential angle of the inner ring and the outer ring to enable filling openings to be aligned, sequentially plugging rollers into the bearing through the filling openings, and taking down the bearing filled with the rollers from the tool to obtain the ceramic composite bearing; the preparation process of the pyrolytic carbon interface layer comprises heating to 800-1000 ℃ under the pressure of 100-2000Pa, preserving heat for 5-8h, introducing mixed gas of propylene and hydrogen, depositing for 5-18h, preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling to room temperature, performing heat treatment at 1800-1950 ℃ for 20-30h under vacuum condition, wherein the flow ratio of propylene to hydrogen is 1:1-5, and performing cycle for 1-3 times; The preparation process of the boron nitride interface layer comprises heating to 600-900 ℃ under the pressure of 50-1000Pa, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, introducing argon, hydrogen, ammonia and boron trichloride mixed gas, depositing for 5-12 hours, continuing preserving heat for 1-2 hours, cooling to room temperature, wherein the flow ratio of the argon, the hydrogen, the ammonia and the boron trichloride is 1:4-6:2-8:2-8, and performing cycle for 1-3 times; When the ceramic matrix is silicon carbide, the preparation process is that under the condition that the pressure is 200-2000Pa, the temperature is raised to 800-1100 ℃, after the heat preservation is carried out for 3-5 hours, mixed gas of trichloromethylsilane, hydrogen and argon is introduced, after the deposition is carried out for 15-25 hours, the heat preservation is continued for 1-2 hours, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature, wherein the flow ratio of the trichloromethylsilane, the hydrogen and the argon is 1:5-25:10-25; When the ceramic matrix is silicon nitride, the preparation process is that the temperature is raised to 700-1100 ℃ under the pressure of 200-4000Pa, the mixed gas of hydrogen, argon, trichloromethylsilane and ammonia is kept for 1-2 hours, the mixed gas is deposited for 10-20 hours, the heat is kept for 1-2 hours, the temperature is reduced to room temperature, wherein the flow ratio of the hydrogen, the argon, the trichloromethylsilane and the ammonia is 1:1:5-50:5-50, and the cyclic execution is carried out for 6-10 times.
2. The method of manufacturing a ceramic composite bearing according to claim 1, wherein the fibers in the continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite material comprise silicon carbide fibers or carbon fibers, and the ceramic comprises silicon carbide or silicon nitride.
3. The method for manufacturing a ceramic composite bearing according to claim 1, wherein the bulk pure ceramic comprises silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide or boron nitride.
4. The method of manufacturing a ceramic composite bearing according to claim 1, wherein the roller is a ball roller or a cylindrical roller.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the woven fiber cloth is carbon fiber, or silicon carbide fiber, or a combination of both carbon fiber and silicon carbide fiber, and the weaving method of the woven fiber cloth is two-dimensional plain weave, or two-dimensional satin weave, or two-dimensional twill weave, or 2.5-dimensional weave, or three-dimensional needling.

Description

Ceramic composite material bearing and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of new material bearings, relates to a ceramic composite material bearing and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a high-toughness ceramic composite material bearing suitable for a high-temperature environment. Background The bearing is an important part in mechanical equipment, and has wide application in the fields of national economy, national defense and military industry and the like. At present, high and new technical fields such as aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy, photovoltaic and the like rapidly develop, and urgent demands are made on bearings resistant to high temperature and corrosion environments. Ceramic bearings are widely used in various industrial fields due to their excellent properties such as wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high temperature resistance, long service life, etc. However, due to the brittle intrinsic characteristics of ceramic materials, the ceramic inner and outer ring structures used by the conventional ceramic bearings are small in size and difficult to prepare large-size bearings and apply in complex working conditions, and in addition, the conventional ceramic bearings can bear high temperature caused by rapid rotation, but the support frames or dust covers of the conventional ceramic bearings still adopt polymer materials or still need lubricating grease to be added for auxiliary lubrication, and the materials volatilize, coke and even carbonize at high temperature, so that the bearings cannot normally work for a long time in the high temperature environment. Disclosure of Invention Technical problem to be solved In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a ceramic composite material bearing and a preparation method thereof. Technical proposal A ceramic composite bearing is characterized in that an inner ring 4 and an outer ring 1 of the bearing are made of continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composite materials, annular pieces with grooves are arranged on the outer side of the inner ring 4 and the inner side of the outer ring 1, the two grooves are integrated and are internally provided with rollers 2, the rollers 2 are made of block pure ceramic materials, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are of an integrated structure, an inner ring filling opening 3 is formed in the side edge of the inner ring 4 of the bearing, an outer ring filling opening 5 is formed in the side edge of the outer ring 1, and a circular hole for filling the rollers 2 is formed in the two filling openings. The fibers in the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composite material include, but are not limited to, silicon carbide fibers or carbon fibers, and the ceramic includes, but is not limited to, silicon carbide or silicon nitride. The bulk pure ceramic includes, but is not limited to, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia, or boron nitride. The rollers are ball rollers or cylindrical rollers. A method for preparing the ceramic composite bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps: step1, designing and manufacturing a die, namely adopting electrode graphite or high-strength graphite to process a cylindrical die blank according to the inner surface of an outer ring of a bearing, and processing a cylindrical die blank according to the inner surface of the inner ring of the bearing; Machining and removing the core part of the die blank to form a cylinder with the wall thickness of 2-5 mm; processing vent holes with the diameter of 3-8mm along the normal direction of the cylindrical surface, wherein the distance between the vent holes is 12-30mm, and preparing an outer ring and a mold of the outer ring; Winding the woven fiber cloth on the outer surface of the outer ring die, winding the woven fiber cloth on the outer surface of the inner ring die, and sewing the woven fiber cloth wound on the inner ring die by adopting carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber as a suture line to prepare an outer ring and an inner ring preform; The thickness of the interface layer is 100-600nm; The interfacial layer material is pyrolytic carbon or boron nitride; the ceramic matrix is silicon carbide or silicon nitride; Step 3, densifying and processing the fiber preform, namely sequentially depositing an interface layer and a ceramic matrix on the surface of the fiber preform by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method, and then removing a die; And 4, polishing the grooves, namely adopting a diamond grinding head to grind the grooves of the inner ring and the outer ring, and coating diamond grinding paste on the surfaces of the grinding head and the grooves during grinding, and respectively carrying out rough polishing, semi-fine polishing and fine polishing. And 5, assembling the bearing, namely fixing an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing on a centering tool to enable the inner rin