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CN-116085825-B - Mutual impact type air hydrogen torch igniter

CN116085825BCN 116085825 BCN116085825 BCN 116085825BCN-116085825-B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion and ignition, and discloses a mutual impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter. The combustion chamber of the mutual impact type air hydrogen torch igniter is a cylinder, the front end of the combustion chamber is fixed with an injector through a flange, a hydrogen nozzle is arranged on the injector, the middle section is provided with spark plug installation seats which are vertically symmetrical, the spark plugs are respectively inserted into the spark plug installation seats, the spark plugs are externally connected with an ignition cabinet, the rear section is connected with a pressure measuring joint, the rear end is inserted into a fire transmission rod, and the horizontal central axes of the hydrogen nozzle, the injector, the combustion chamber and the fire transmission rod are provided with air flow channels which are communicated front and back. The mutual impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter enhances the mixing of air and hydrogen, realizes reliable ignition by adjusting the equivalent ratio of hydrogen to air and controlling the temperature of fuel gas, realizes long-time work by adopting an air and hydrogen combustion organization mode, prolongs the working time by cooling a circumferential seam through an air film, and realizes long-time work and repeated work of the torch igniter by adopting a high-temperature alloy for a fire transmission rod.

Inventors

  • HU YUE
  • JIANG JUN
  • KANG ZHONGTAO
  • REN HONGYU
  • WANG ZHENFENG
  • CHEN CHENXI
  • PU XUYANG
  • YUAN LEI
  • FANG XINXIN
  • TAO ZHI

Assignees

  • 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20230309

Claims (7)

  1. 1. A mutually-striking type air-hydrogen torch igniter is characterized in that a combustion chamber (3) of the mutually-striking type air-hydrogen torch igniter is a cylinder, a flange I is arranged at the front end of the combustion chamber (3), an injector (2) is fixed through the flange I, the injector (2) is externally connected with a hydrogen nozzle, a hydrogen inlet (1) is arranged on the hydrogen nozzle, a spark plug mounting seat (4) which is vertically symmetrical is arranged in the middle section of the combustion chamber (3), a spark plug (5) is respectively inserted in the spark plug mounting seat (4), the spark plug (5) is externally connected with an ignition cabinet, the rear section of the combustion chamber (3) is connected with a pressure measuring joint (8), a flange II is arranged at the rear end of the combustion chamber (3), a flame transmitting rod (6) is also inserted at the rear end of the combustion chamber (3), the hydrogen nozzle, the hydrogen inlet (1), the injector (2), the combustion chamber (3) and the flame transmitting rod (6) are coaxially arranged on the horizontal central axis, a front-rear through air flow channel is arranged on the horizontal central axis, the combustion chamber (3) and the rear air flow channel is a combustion chamber, the distance between the vertical central axis of the spark plug mounting seat (4) and the inner diameter of the injector (2.1 times the inner diameter of the combustion chamber; The injector (2) is a step cylinder, and comprises a flange III, a cylinder section I, a cylinder section II and a cylinder section III from front to back in sequence, wherein the flange III of the injector (2) is identical to the flange I of the combustion chamber (3) in outer diameter and end face matching; the diameter of the cylindrical section II is smaller than the diameter of an air flow channel of the combustion chamber (3), the cavity between the cylindrical section II and the inner wall of the combustion chamber (3) is an air cavity, the air cavity is communicated with an air inlet (7), the diameter of the cylindrical section III is smaller than the diameter of the air flow channel of the combustion chamber (3), a circumferential gap is designed between the cylindrical section III and the combustion chamber (3), the circumferential gap between the cylindrical section III and the combustion chamber (3) forms an air film cooling circumferential gap, the air film cooling circumferential gap is communicated with the air cavity, high-pressure air entering the air cavity from the air inlet (7) enters the combustion chamber through the air film cooling circumferential gap, an air film is formed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the air flow channel on the horizontal central axis of the rear section of the injector (2) is a contraction and expansion channel, the contraction section, the equal straight section and the expansion section are sequentially arranged from front to rear, the expansion section is arranged on the expansion section, the expansion section is in an angle range of 20-30 degrees, the expansion section is provided with air injection holes (9) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the included angle between the air injection holes (9) and the horizontal central axis is 60-60 degrees; The high-pressure air enters the air cavity from the air inlet (7), enters the expansion section through the air injection hole (9), and enters the expansion section through the air flow channel, wherein the high-pressure air and the high-pressure hydrogen have relative radial speeds and mutually collide in the expansion section to realize mixing to form combustible mixed gas, and the spark plug (5) ignites the combustible mixed gas to form high-temperature fuel gas; The air flow channel of the fire transmission rod (6) is a contraction channel, and the contraction channel is sequentially provided with a contraction section and an equal straight section from front to back; The high-pressure air and high-pressure hydrogen equivalent ratio of the mutual impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter is 0.8-2.0, the flame temperature range is 2000-2400K, and a fire transmission rod (6) of the mutual impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter is inserted into a to-be-ignited combustion device and fixedly connected with the to-be-ignited combustion device through bolts fixed on a flange III at the tail end of a combustion chamber (3).
  2. 2. The mutual-impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter of claim 1, wherein the ignition cabinet converts 220V alternating current into 10kV high voltage power and outputs the 10kV high voltage power to the spark plug (5).
  3. 3. The mutually-striking air-hydrogen torch igniter of claim 1, wherein a sealing ring is arranged on the contact end surface of a flange plate III of the injector (2) and a flange plate I of the combustion chamber (3).
  4. 4. The mutually-striking air-hydrogen torch igniter of claim 1 wherein the combustion chamber (3) is made of stainless steel.
  5. 5. The mutually-striking type air-hydrogen torch igniter of claim 1, wherein the pressure range of the high-pressure air is 7-15 MPa, the flow range is 90-200 g/s, the pressure range of the high-pressure hydrogen is 9-15 MPa, and the flow range is 2-10 g/s.
  6. 6. The mutually striking type air-hydrogen torch igniter of claim 1, wherein the material of the fire transfer rod (6) is a superalloy, and the brand is one of GH3128 or GH 3230.
  7. 7. The mutually-striking air-hydrogen torch igniter of claim 1, wherein the flame transfer rod (6) is fixed by welding.

Description

Mutual impact type air hydrogen torch igniter Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion and ignition, and particularly relates to a mutual impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter. Background Combustion equipment such as liquid rocket engines, air heaters and the like all need to consider the problem of reliable ignition. Common ignition modes include powder ignition, spark ignition, and torch igniter ignition. The powder ignition structure is simple, the work is reliable, but the powder ignition structure can only be used once, and is obviously not applicable to ground combustion heating equipment which needs to be used repeatedly and run for a long time. Spark ignition is also a convenient ignition mode, but ignition energy is low, and ignition reliability of high-flow combustion equipment is difficult to ensure. The torch igniter has the advantages of high ignition reliability, reusability, convenient use and the like, and is widely applied to ignition of liquid rocket engines and combustion air heaters. Torch igniters typically use gaseous or liquid fuels, typically hydrogen, methane, etc., and most of the latter are alcohols, coal oils, etc. The ignition reliability of the torch igniter is improved, the ignition energy is improved, and oxygen can be selected as an oxidant of the torch igniter. The oxygen-hydrogen torch igniter generally adopts a coaxial shear type injection structure, and has simple configuration and high reliability. The oxidant selects oxygen, the injector can meet the requirement of reliable ignition without considering a complex configuration, but the flame temperature of oxygen and hydrogen is higher than 3000K, the torch igniter can only work for hundreds of milliseconds, the successful ignition of the combustion device cannot be ensured due to the short working time, and the installation position of the torch igniter in the combustion device is usually narrow, so that the cooling structure is inconvenient to be added on the torch igniter. At the same time, oxygen is a very dangerous combustion-supporting gas, and the use of oxygen greatly increases the risk of the supply system. If air is used as the oxidant, the temperature of the gas generated by the torch igniter can be controlled within 2000K, and the operating time of the torch igniter can be prolonged to 5s without taking cooling measures, so that the reliable ignition of the combustion device can be ensured. However, the coaxial shear nozzle cannot ensure adequate mixing of the gaseous fuel with air and the ignition stability. Taking the combination of air and hydrogen as an example, under the condition that the hydrogen and static air are properly mixed, the required ignition temperature is 530-590 ℃, and many air-hydrogen torch igniters adopting coaxial shearing injection or wall injection are difficult to ignite, so that the working stability is poor. The gas-liquid combustion tissue mode torch igniter generally adopts a gas-liquid coaxial centrifugal injection structure, and although the combustion of liquid fuel can be realized by reasonably designing a nozzle structure, the liquid fuel combustion process involves complex processes of atomization, evaporation and blending, and the ignition reliability and the combustion stability are poor. The liquid fuel mode is easy to generate oscillation combustion, greatly threatens the safety of equipment, and is a worldwide difficult problem which is not solved up to now. In summary, although the torch igniter using oxygen as the oxidant has reliable ignition and high ignition energy, the operating time is short, the risk is high, the problems of the ignition reliability and the combustion stability of the liquid fuel are difficult to solve, and currently, the development of a mutual striking type air-hydrogen torch igniter capable of reliably igniting and stably operating is needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the mutually-striking air-hydrogen torch igniter capable of stably working for a long time, so that the problem of mixing and burning of gaseous fuel and air is well solved, and the mutually-striking air-hydrogen torch igniter can stably work for a long time. The invention discloses a mutual impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter which is characterized in that a combustion chamber of the mutual impact type air-hydrogen torch igniter is a cylinder, a flange I is arranged at the front end of the combustion chamber, an injector is fixed through the flange I, the injector is externally connected with a hydrogen nozzle, a hydrogen inlet is arranged on the hydrogen nozzle, a spark plug mounting seat which is vertically symmetrical is arranged in the middle section of the combustion chamber, a spark plug is respectively inserted into the spark plug mounting seat, the spark plug is externally connected with an ignition cabinet, the rear section of the combustion chamber is connected with a