CN-116125530-B - Loess tableland seismic data processing method, loess tableland seismic data processing system and electronic equipment

CN116125530BCN 116125530 BCN116125530 BCN 116125530BCN-116125530-B

Abstract

The application discloses a loess tableland seismic data processing method, a loess tableland seismic data processing system and electronic equipment, wherein in the method, fresnel chromatographic static correction is adopted to carry out data inversion to obtain static correction; the method comprises the steps of loading static correction values on a seismic data body to obtain a first seismic data body after static correction processing, processing the first seismic data body through surface wave denoising, linear dip angle filtering and frequency division denoising to obtain a second seismic data body after denoising processing, and carrying out deconvolution operation on a prestack shot set, a common wave detector gather and a post-stack section of the second seismic data body to obtain final seismic data. The method provided by the application can greatly improve the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio in loess tablelands, truly reflect the characteristics of underground structures, greatly improve the profile imaging precision, and lay a solid foundation for the subsequent fine interpretation of strata and the determination of the interrelation and level of fracture.

Inventors

LI WENHUA
Lang yuquan
WANG ZHEN

Assignees

中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230331

Claims (6)

1. A loess tableland seismic data processing method, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: when initial data is acquired, carrying out data inversion through Fresnel chromatographic static correction to obtain a static correction value; Loading the static correction amount onto a seismic data volume to obtain a first seismic data volume subjected to static correction processing; the first seismic data body is processed through surface wave denoising, linear dip angle filtering and frequency division denoising to obtain a denoised second seismic data body, wherein the first seismic data is filtered through cross arrangement cone filtering to obtain first filtered seismic data; filtering the first filtering seismic data again through linear inclination angle filtering to obtain second filtering seismic data; removing the strong amplitude noise of the second filtering seismic data by a frequency division denoising technology to obtain a second seismic data volume; Carrying out deconvolution operation on the second seismic data body by respectively pre-stack shot sets, common-detector-point gathers and post-stack sections to obtain final seismic data, wherein the deconvolution operation comprises the steps of calculating a logarithmic amplitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of each seismic channel in the second seismic data body, calculating a power spectrum of each earth surface anomaly factor, solving earth surface anomaly anti-filtering factors, carrying out statistics on the power spectrum and the minimum phase spectrum of the second seismic data body on the common-detector-point gathers to obtain a frequency spectrum of wavelets, and carrying out optimal mixed deconvolution on the amplitude spectrum, the phase spectrum, the power spectrum and the frequency spectrum of each wavelet after the deconvolution to obtain the final seismic data body.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein inverting the data by fresnel tomographic stiction to obtain the stiction comprises: Establishing an initial speed model according to the initial data; And carrying out inversion processing on the initial speed model to obtain the static correction value.
3. A loess tableland seismic data processing system, said system comprising: the static correction processing module is used for carrying out data inversion through Fresnel chromatographic static correction when initial data are acquired, so as to obtain a static correction value; The processing module is used for loading the static correction value onto the seismic data body to obtain a first seismic data body after static correction processing, processing the first seismic data body through surface wave denoising, linear dip angle filtering and frequency division denoising to obtain a second seismic data body after denoising processing; The processing module is specifically used for filtering the first seismic data through cross-arrangement cone filtering to obtain first filtered seismic data, filtering the first filtered seismic data again through linear inclination angle filtering to obtain second filtered seismic data, and eliminating strong amplitude noise of the second filtered seismic data through frequency division denoising technology to obtain a second seismic data body; the processing module is specifically configured to calculate a logarithmic amplitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of each seismic trace in the second seismic data volume, calculate a power spectrum of each ground surface anomaly factor, and solve a ground surface anomaly anti-filtering factor, calculate a power spectrum and a minimum phase spectrum of the second seismic data volume on a common detection point gather to obtain a wavelet spectrum, and perform optimal mixed deconvolution on the amplitude spectrum, the phase spectrum, the power spectrum and the frequency spectrum of each wavelet after superposition to obtain the final seismic data volume.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the static correction processing module is specifically configured to establish an initial velocity model according to the initial data, and perform inversion processing on the initial velocity model to obtain the static correction value.
5. An electronic device, comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; A processor for carrying out the method steps of claim 1 or 2 when executing the computer program stored on the memory.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium has stored therein a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method steps of claim 1 or 2.

Description

Loess tableland seismic data processing method, loess tableland seismic data processing system and electronic equipment Technical Field The application relates to the field of data processing, in particular to a loess tableland seismic data processing method, a loess tableland seismic data processing system and electronic equipment. Background During processing of land seismic data, the seismic data is typically corrected to a uniform reference plane, which is typically a horizontal plane. The theory of seismic interpretation assumes that the excitation and reception points are in a horizontal plane and that the formation velocity is uniform. However, in practice, the ground is often uneven, and the depths of the excitation points may be different, so that the wave velocity in the low-speed zone and the wave velocity in the stratum are greatly different, and therefore, the actual measured time-distance curve shape must be affected. To eliminate these effects, terrain corrections, depth of excitation corrections, low-speed zone corrections, etc. are performed on the raw seismic data, which are constant for different seismic interfaces at the same observation point, and are therefore collectively referred to as statics corrections. Generalized static corrections also include phase corrections and corrections for instrument factor effects. With the development of digital processing technology, there are various methods and programs for automatic static correction. The refraction static correction is strictly a model static correction method, and the model is built by the method which is different from the traditional method, mainly comprises the steps of obtaining the speed and delay time of a refraction surface through solving equation inversion, building a speed model by means of surface speed, and completing calculation of a static correction value on the basis. At present, long-wavelength static correction in loess tablelands can be realized through refraction static correction, but because loess tablelands have strong absorption and attenuation effects on seismic wavelets, the signal-to-noise ratio and the frequency of seismic data are generally low, zero phasing of processed data cannot be realized by a single earth surface consistency deconvolution method, and an ideal effect is difficult to achieve. Disclosure of Invention The application provides a loess tableland seismic data processing method, a loess tableland seismic data processing system and electronic equipment, which are used for greatly improving the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of low-signal-to-noise ratio seismic data in the loess tableland. In a first aspect, the present application provides a loess tableland seismic data processing method, the method comprising: when initial data is acquired, carrying out data inversion through Fresnel chromatographic static correction to obtain a static correction value; Loading the static correction amount onto a seismic data volume to obtain a first seismic data volume subjected to static correction processing; Processing the first seismic data body through surface wave denoising, linear dip angle filtering and frequency division denoising to obtain a denoised second seismic data body; And carrying out deconvolution operation on the second seismic data body respectively by the prestack shot set, the common detection point gather and the post-stack section to obtain final seismic data. The method provided by the application can greatly improve the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio in loess tablelands, truly reflect the characteristics of underground structures, greatly improve the profile imaging precision, and lay a solid foundation for the subsequent fine interpretation of strata and the determination of the interrelation and level of fracture. In an alternative embodiment, the performing data inversion through fresnel tomography static correction to obtain a static correction value includes: Establishing an initial speed model according to the initial data; And carrying out inversion processing on the initial speed model to obtain the static correction value. In an alternative embodiment, the processing the first seismic data volume by face wave denoising, linear dip filtering, and frequency division denoising to obtain a denoised second seismic data volume includes: filtering the first seismic data through cross-arrangement cone filtering to obtain first filtered seismic data; Filtering the first filtering seismic data again through linear inclination angle filtering to obtain second filtering seismic data; And eliminating the strong amplitude noise of the second filtering seismic data by a frequency division denoising technology to obtain the second seismic data volume. In an alternative embodiment, deconvolution is performed on the second seismic data volume from the pre-stack shot gather, the common-detector gather, and the pos