CN-116191025-B - Phase open loop hierarchical phase shift beam forming method

Abstract

The invention discloses a phase open loop hierarchical phase shift beam forming method, which comprises the following steps of step 1, uniformly dividing an array beam scanning airspace into N Scan angles, and step 2, carrying out level 1 on the steps The random phase weight is injected into each phase shifter, and step 3, when the scanning angle is theta i , the scanning phase is added to the 1 st phase shifter to calculate the 1 st phase The phase shift quantity of each phase shifter is calculated by utilizing a penetrating beam forming algorithm, the phase shift quantity of the 2~N th-level phase shifter is calculated, the phase shift correction is carried out on the phase shift quantity of each-level phase shifter, the steps 6 are repeated until all scanning angles are traversed, the maximum grating lobe side lobe level in all scanning angles is recorded as L l , the steps 7 are repeated until the maximum iteration times are reached, the steps 8:L l are minimum as L best , and the phase weights adopted by the corresponding iterations are corresponding to each other The phase weight of the wave beam is optimal for the full scanning airspace. The invention can effectively reduce the grating lobe side lobe level, is simple to realize and is suitable for low-cost antenna arrays.

Inventors

• JIANG YUAN
• LIN LEI
• SUN HONGBING
• YU DAQUN
• LI RUI
• YU WEI

Assignees

• 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20230224

Claims (2)

1. 1. A phase open loop hierarchical phase shift wave beam forming method, the antenna array used is composed of M-level subarrays, Is a positive integer of 2 or more, each level subarray comprises The number of bits of each phase shifter is respectively The minimum stepping amounts are respectively , Is a positive integer of 2 or more, characterized in that the phase shift amounts of the other phase shifters other than the 1 st phase shifter are open-loop, i.e , wherein, And The minimum stepping amount and the minimum stepping number of the number of bits of the mth-stage phase shifter respectively comprise the following steps: Step 1, uniformly dividing an array beam scanning airspace The angles are recorded as ; Step 2-at stage 1 The phase shifters inject random phase weights, noted as Wherein l is the current iteration number, and Max is the optimized maximum iteration number; Step3, the scanning angle is When the scan phase is added to the 1 st phase shifter, the 1 st phase is calculated Phasors of the individual phase shifters; Step 4, calculating the first using a penetrating beam forming algorithm Phase shift quantity of the phase shifter The calculation formula of the phase shift quantity of the stage phase shifter is as follows: Wherein, the For the m-th stage of the phase shifter pitch, The phase shift quantity of the m-1-th phase shifter; ; Step 5, correcting the phase shift amount of each level of phase shifter in a neutral position translation way; Step 6, repeating the steps 3-5 until all the scanning angles are traversed, and recording the maximum grating lobe side lobe level in all the scanning angles as ; Step 7, repeating the steps 2-6 until the maximum iteration times are reached; Step 8: At least L best , the phase weight adopted by the corresponding iteration The phase weight of the wave beam is optimal for the full scanning airspace.
2. 2. The phase-open-loop hierarchical phase-shifting beam forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that the 1 st stage in step 3 The calculation formula of the phasors of the phase shifters is as follows: Wherein, the For the 1 st stage shifter spacing, k is the free space wavenumber.

Description

Phase open loop hierarchical phase shift beam forming method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and microwaves, in particular to a phase open-loop hierarchical phase-shifting beam forming method. Background The phased array antenna technology plays a vital role in military tasks such as early warning detection, space monitoring and battlefield reconnaissance, and civil 5G communication, aviation control, anti-collision radar and other civil services. Along with the improvement of requirements for radar power, measurement accuracy, communication quality and the like, the scale of a radar antenna array surface is larger and larger, so that the production and manufacturing cost of the phased array antenna is increased. Active channels are the most significant cost of phased array antenna fabrication, and reducing the number of active channels is the most straightforward and efficient approach to reduce the cost of phased array antenna fabrication. The subarray technology effectively reduces the number of active channels, but introduces grating lobes, reduces the antenna gain, and in order to solve the grating lobe problem introduced by the subarray technology, the subarray rotation technology, the subarray translation technology, the irregular subarray technology and the grading phase shift technology are paid attention to widely. The stepped phase shifting technology is a technology adopting a multi-stage phase shifter, and each subarray of the phased array antenna adopting the technology only uses a single active channel at the position of the phase shifter furthest from a radiation unit, and active channels are not used at other levels of phase shifters, so that the technology can realize the reduction of the number of active channels. Compared with other subarray technologies, the hierarchical phase shifting technology has high beam control freedom degree, high beam pointing precision and good broadband adaptability, and is suitable for systems with high beam pointing and bandwidth requirements. Although the higher the number of stages and digits of the phased array antenna, the better the beam performance of the phased array antenna, the greater the complexity and loss of control. Therefore, the number of stages and the number of bits of the hierarchical phase-shift antenna array are required to be as low as possible in the case of satisfying beam performance. In the existing hierarchical phase-shifting beam forming method, under the condition of low-level and bit number, the suppression on the grating lobes of the beam is limited, and particularly, in the beam scanning process, larger grating lobes still exist at partial scanning angles. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a phase-open loop hierarchical phase-shifting beam forming method, wherein the antenna array comprises M stages of subarrays, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, each stage of subarrays respectively comprisesThe number of bits of each phase shifter is respectively Bit 1,Bit2,…,Bitm,…,BitM, wherein the minimum stepping amounts are Step 1,Step2,…,Stepm,…,StepM respectively, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1, uniformly dividing an array beam scanning airspace into N Scan angles, and marking the angles as theta i(i＝1,2,…,NScan); step 2-at stage 1 The phase shifters inject random phase weights, noted as Wherein l is the current iteration number, and Max is the optimized maximum iteration number; Step 3, when the scanning angle is theta i, adding the scanning phase to the 1 st phase shifter to calculate the 1 st phase Phasors of the individual phase shifters; step 4, calculating the phase shift quantity of the 2~N th-stage phase shifter by using a penetrating beam forming algorithm; Step 5, correcting the phase shift amount of each level of phase shifter in a neutral position translation way; Step 6, repeating the steps 3-5 until all scanning angles are traversed, and recording the maximum grating lobe side lobe level in all scanning angles as L l; step 7, repeating the steps 2-6 until the maximum iteration times are reached; Step 8:L l is L best, and the phase weights used for the corresponding iterations The phase weight of the wave beam is optimal for the full scanning airspace. Further, stage 1 of step 3The calculation formula of the phasors of the phase shifters is as follows: Wherein, the For the 1 st stage shifter spacing, k is the free space wavenumber. Further, the calculation formula of the phase shift quantity of the 2~N th-stage phase shifter in the step 4 is as follows: Wherein, the For the m-th stage of the phase shifter pitch,Phase shifter for the M-1 th stage, m=2, 3. Further, the phase shifters other than the 1 st phase shifter have open loop phase shifter, i.eWherein Step m and Bit m are the minimum stepping amount and the number of bits o