CN-116237411-B - Drawing and forming process and device for non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die and design method thereof

CN116237411BCN 116237411 BCN116237411 BCN 116237411BCN-116237411-B

Abstract

The application provides a non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing and stretching forming process, a device and a design method thereof, wherein the design method comprises the following steps of A1, designing the three-dimensional shape of a punch based on the three-dimensional shape of the inner wall of a non-circular section special-shaped shell, A2, determining the number of a group of forging rollers matched with each other based on the three-dimensional shape of the outer wall of the non-circular section special-shaped shell, wherein the number of the forging rollers is more than or equal to 2, the axes of the forging rollers are coplanar, A3, designing the shape of a loading curved surface of each forging roller based on the three-dimensional shape of the outer wall of the non-circular section special-shaped shell, wherein the intersection line of the loading curved surface and a contact plane forms the peripheral line of a die opening of the special-shaped shell forming device, and the intersection line of the outer wall of the punch and the contact plane forms the inner peripheral line of the die opening, and the contact plane is a plane formed by intersecting the axes of the forging rollers. According to the technical scheme, the roll die drawing and forming quality of the non-circular section special-shaped shell can be effectively improved.

Inventors

CHEN GANG
CHANG XUSHENG
CHEN QIANG
JIA PENG
QI YUSHI

Assignees

哈尔滨工业大学（威海）

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230207

Claims (12)

1. A design method of a non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device, the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device is used for drawing and forming a shell-shaped blank into a non-circular section special-shaped shell, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a1, designing the three-dimensional shape of a punch based on the three-dimensional shape of the inner wall of a non-circular section special-shaped shell; A2, determining the number of a group of forging rollers matched with each other based on the three-dimensional shape of the outer wall of the non-circular section special-shaped shell, wherein the number of the forging rollers is more than or equal to 2, and the axes of the forging rollers are coplanar; a3, designing the shape of a loading curved surface of each forging roller based on the three-dimensional shape of the outer wall of the non-circular section special-shaped shell, wherein the intersection line of the loading curved surface and a contact plane forms the outer peripheral line of a die opening of the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device, the intersection line of the outer wall of the punch and the contact plane forms the inner peripheral line of the die opening, and the contact plane is a plane formed by intersecting the axes of each forging roller; The distance between the loading curved surface of at least one forging roller and the axis of the forging roller is continuously changed, and the inner peripheral line of the die orifice and/or the outer peripheral line of the die orifice are continuously changed along with the movement of the punch head and/or the rotation of each forging roller; The respective forging rolls are rotated in cooperation with each other by a rotation-fit unit.
2. The method for designing a non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the contact plane is perpendicular to the drawing forming direction of the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device.
3. The method for designing a non-circular section special-shaped shell roll drawing forming device according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and determining shape parameters of the shell-shaped blank based on the three-dimensional shape of the punch and the shape of the loading curved surface of each forging roller.
4. A method of designing a non-circular section profiled shell roll die drawing forming apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein the shape parameters of the shell-like blank include at least one of the following parameters: the outer wall shape, the inner wall shape, the wall thickness and the depth-to-diameter ratio of the shell-shaped blank.
5. The method for designing a non-circular section special-shaped shell roll drawing forming device according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: And optimizing the drawing forming device of the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die and/or the shell blank based on the longitudinal deformation condition of the shell blank in the drawing forming process.
6. The method for designing a non-circular section special-shaped shell roll die drawing forming device according to claim 5, wherein the non-circular section special-shaped shell roll die drawing forming device and/or the shell-shaped blank are optimized, specifically: when the longitudinal deformation speed of any area of the shell blank is smaller than that of other areas, the peripheral line of the area is reduced and/or the wall thickness of the shell blank in the area is increased; And When the longitudinal deformation speed of any one region of the shell blank is greater than that of other regions, the peripheral line of that region is enlarged and/or the wall thickness of the shell blank in that region is reduced.
7. The method for designing a non-circular section special-shaped shell roll drawing forming device according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: a rotating matching unit, a resetting unit, a fixing unit, a punching unit and a loading and unloading unit are designed, The rotating fit unit is used for enabling the forging rolls to cooperatively rotate; the resetting unit is used for resetting the punch and each forging roller to an initial position; The fixing unit is used for supporting each forging roller; the punching unit is used for driving the punch to move along the drawing direction; The loading and unloading unit is used for loading the shell-shaped blank and unloading the non-circular section special-shaped shell.
8. The utility model provides a non-circular cross-section abnormal shape casing roller mould pulls out and stretches forming device, includes drift, a set of forging roller of mutually supporting, normal running fit unit, reset unit, fixed unit, punching press unit and loading and unloading unit, its characterized in that: the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device is designed and generated by the design method of the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The non-circular section profiled shell roll die drawing forming device as defined in claim 8, wherein: the punch and each forging roller are manufactured by processing high-temperature resistant die steel.
10. The non-circular section profiled shell roll die drawing forming device as defined in claim 8, wherein: the shell-shaped blank and the non-circular section special-shaped shell are made of at least one of metal materials, alloy materials and metal matrix composite materials.
11. A non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing and forming process, which uses the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing and forming device as claimed in claim 8 to draw and form a shell-shaped blank into a non-circular section special-shaped shell, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, assembling the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device and enabling all parts to be in initial positions; Preheating the punch and the forging roller to 300-400 ℃, and spraying a release agent on the working surfaces of the forging roller and the punch; preheating the shell-shaped blank to a temperature suitable for plastic working, and then transferring and nesting the shell-shaped blank on a punch; and fourthly, the punch downwards drives the shell-shaped blank to move, the outer wall of the shell-shaped blank drives the forging roller to rotate through friction force generated by contact with a loading curved surface of the forging roller, and the shell-shaped blank continuously generates local plastic deformation through an inner peripheral line and an outer peripheral line at a die opening until the shell-shaped blank completely passes through the loading surface.
12. The non-circular section profiled shell roll die drawing forming process of claim 11, further comprising the steps of: step five, the punch drives the drawn and formed non-circular section special-shaped shell to move upwards, a discharging device is started to separate the punch from the non-circular section special-shaped shell, and then the non-circular section special-shaped shell is cooled under the required condition according to the characteristics of materials; and step six, resetting the forging rollers matched with each other.

Description

Drawing and forming process and device for non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die and design method thereof Technical Field The application belongs to the technical field of material processing, and further relates to a metal material drawing and forming technology, in particular to a non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing and forming process, a device and a design method thereof. Background The partial loading-continuous forming method such as drawing and forming refers to a processing method for drawing a blank under the action of external force to force the blank made of materials such as metal to generate plastic deformation so as to obtain a formed product, and is a mainstream technology for manufacturing a large-size shell with a deep hole. The conventional drawing and forming method is only suitable for drawing and forming the straight wall shell with a circular section because the die orifice is fixed, and the longitudinal tensile stress of the wall part is too large, so that the component is easy to crack and break in the forming process. In recent years, a process of drawing and forming by using a roller die is presented, and the sliding friction between a blank and a die can be changed into rolling friction by using a group of rollers in the drawing and forming process of the roller die, so that the longitudinal tensile stress applied to the blank in the deformation process is greatly reduced, and the drawing and forming process is suitable for forming complex cross-section shapes and conical parts, for example, the roller die drawing can be used for forming special-shaped cross-section wires with square cross sections, polygonal cross sections and the like, and the processes of roller extrusion and the like can be used for forming large-size circular cross-section conical/straight wall shells. However, the application of the roller die drawing process to the forming of the non-circular section special-shaped shell is still blank, and the difficulty is that the deformation difference of the wall part of the metal blank at different positions along the circumferential direction is large in the roller die drawing forming process, and meanwhile, the flow of each area of the metal blank along the bus direction is asynchronous, so that the defects of cracking, streamline turbulence and the like easily occur in the forming process. Therefore, the existing equipment and the existing technological method are required to be improved aiming at the technical bottleneck existing in the drawing and forming process of the non-circular section special-shaped shell. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing and forming device and a design method thereof, and a non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing and forming process using the device, which can better realize the roller die drawing and forming of the special-shaped shell with a non-circular section and a conical wall. A first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a method for designing a non-circular section special-shaped shell roll die drawing forming device, where the non-circular section special-shaped shell roll die drawing forming device is used for drawing and forming a shell-shaped blank into a non-circular section special-shaped shell, and the method includes the following steps: a1, designing the three-dimensional shape of a punch based on the three-dimensional shape of the inner wall of a non-circular section special-shaped shell; A2, determining the number of a group of forging rollers matched with each other based on the three-dimensional shape of the outer wall of the non-circular section special-shaped shell, wherein the number of the forging rollers is more than or equal to 2, and the axes of the forging rollers are coplanar; a3, designing the shape of a loading curved surface of each forging roller based on the three-dimensional shape of the outer wall of the non-circular section special-shaped shell, wherein the intersection line of the loading curved surface and a contact plane forms the outer peripheral line of a die opening of the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device, the intersection line of the outer wall of the punch and the contact plane forms the inner peripheral line of the die opening, and the contact plane is a plane formed by intersecting the axes of all the forging rollers. Preferably, the contact plane is perpendicular to the drawing forming direction of the non-circular section special-shaped shell roller die drawing forming device. Preferably, the inner periphery of the die orifice and/or the outer periphery of the die orifice continuously changes with the movement of the punch and/or the rotation of the respective forging roller. Preferably, the design method of the non-circular section speci