CN-116293701-B - Tower type multistage fire grate staged gasification combustion furnace

CN116293701BCN 116293701 BCN116293701 BCN 116293701BCN-116293701-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste incineration, in particular to a tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace which comprises a furnace body, wherein a pyrolysis gasification chamber is arranged in the furnace body, two sides above the pyrolysis gasification chamber are communicated with a drying pyrolysis chamber, two sides below the pyrolysis gasification chamber are communicated with gasification combustion chambers, a hearth control gate is arranged between the drying pyrolysis chambers and between the gasification combustion chambers, a drying pyrolysis grate is arranged in the drying pyrolysis chamber, an ash discharge port is formed in the bottom of the gasification combustion chamber, a gasification combustion ashes grate is arranged between the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the ash discharge port, and the drying pyrolysis grate and the gasification combustion ashes grate are both forward pushing type grates. The invention can solve the problems of low flexibility and poor adaptability to solid waste treatment, limited conveying and deslagging, dispersity, scattering degree and uniformity of solid waste in a furnace and poor overturning and stirring effects in a solid waste thermochemical treatment device.

Inventors

ZHOU XIAOQIAN
LI PENG
ZHU XINCAI
LIN SHUNHONG
XU MING
GUO DAJIANG
HU GUICHUAN

Assignees

重庆滨南生态科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20230428

Claims (9)

1. The tower type multistage fire grate staged gasification combustion furnace is characterized by comprising a furnace body and an air supply mechanism, wherein a pyrolysis gasification chamber is arranged in the furnace body, two sides above the pyrolysis gasification chamber are communicated with a drying pyrolysis chamber, two sides below the pyrolysis gasification chamber are communicated with gasification combustion chambers, a drying pyrolysis furnace control gate is arranged between the two drying pyrolysis chambers, a pyrolysis gasification furnace control gate is arranged between the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the two gasification combustion chambers, a drying pyrolysis fire grate for pushing an object to be burnt to the pyrolysis gasification chamber is arranged in the drying pyrolysis chamber, a feeding port communicated with the drying pyrolysis fire grate is arranged on the drying pyrolysis chamber, an ash discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the gasification combustion chamber, a gasification combustion ashes fire grate for pushing burnt ashes to the ash discharge port is arranged between the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the ash discharge port, and the drying pyrolysis fire grate and the gasification combustion fire grate are all forward fire grates.
2. The tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace according to claim 1, wherein the feed inlet is communicated with a feed bin and a discharge valve is arranged at the communication position.
3. The tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 2, wherein a diversion tower is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification chamber, and a combustion-supporting tuyere is arranged on the diversion tower.
4. A tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace as set forth in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the drying pyrolysis grate and the gasification combustion ashes grate are arranged obliquely, the inclination angle of the single-row grate surface of the drying pyrolysis grate and the gasification combustion ashes grate with the horizontal plane is 0 degree, the inclination angle of the whole grate surface with the horizontal plane is 16-18 degrees, the lower end of the drying pyrolysis grate is communicated with the pyrolysis gasification chamber, the lower end of the gasification combustion ashes grate is communicated with the ash discharge port, and the upper end is communicated with the pyrolysis gasification chamber.
5. The tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 1, wherein the air supply mechanism comprises a low-temperature flue gas channel of a drying section, a primary air channel of a gasification combustion section, a secondary air inlet and a flue gas circulation channel, the secondary air inlet is arranged on the gasification combustion chamber, a temperature sensor is arranged in the low-temperature flue gas channel of the drying section, a waste heat utilization chamber is arranged in the side wall of the furnace body, one end of the waste heat utilization chamber is communicated with the flue gas circulation channel, a middle-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the other end of the waste heat utilization chamber, and the primary air channel of the gasification combustion section is arranged in the outer side wall of the waste heat utilization chamber.
6. The tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 5, wherein a plurality of spoilers are arranged in the waste heat utilization chamber, the spoilers divide the waste heat utilization chamber into an S shape, and primary air channels of the gasification combustion section are arranged in the S shape.
7. The tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace as claimed in claim 6, wherein a pressure sensor is arranged on the furnace body, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the furnace body.
8. The tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace as claimed in claim 7, wherein slag discharging channels are arranged below the drying pyrolysis grate and the combustion grate, and penetrate through the inside and the outside of the furnace body.
9. The tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 1 is characterized in that a drying pyrolysis chamber can independently dry materials, a drying pyrolysis furnace control gate is opened when the water content of the materials reaches 20-30%, a drying pyrolysis furnace adjusting gate is closed when new materials are conveyed to the lower end of the drying pyrolysis grate, and one or two pyrolysis gasification furnace control gates are opened when gasification duration is 30-45 min, so that intermittent and alternate operation of two gasification combustion chambers is realized.

Description

Tower type multistage fire grate staged gasification combustion furnace Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste incineration, in particular to a tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace. Background The existing solid waste treatment technology mainly comprises incineration, sanitary landfill, composting and the like. The incineration treatment has the advantages of obvious reduction effect, thorough harmless treatment, small occupied area, less secondary pollution and the like, and meets the strategic requirements of sustainable development in China. The common incineration equipment at present comprises a mechanical grate incinerator and a fixed bed/vertical rotary gasification combustion furnace. The staged gasification combustion technology utilizes the advantages of the traditional direct incineration technology and the pyrolysis gasification technology, and the pyrolysis gasification reaction of the staged gasification combustion technology is maintained by the synthesis gas generated by pyrolysis gasification and the heat generated by carbon residue combustion, so that an auxiliary heat source is not needed, the solid waste treatment process is safer and more thorough, and the staged gasification combustion technology gradually becomes the best choice for the dispersed treatment of solid waste such as domestic waste in western county, agriculture and forestry biomass and the prepared refuse derived fuel, biomass briquette fuel and the like of vast villages and towns, and therefore, the staged gasification combustion technology is a solid waste treatment technology with great development prospect. Aiming at the characteristics of complex components, various sources, wide distribution, large fluctuation of the yield and components of the solid waste along with the change of seasons and regions, particularly the characteristics of multiscale, low heat value and high moisture content of the solid waste, the conventional incineration equipment still has the following problems in the use process: 1. Based on the characteristics of complex components, high moisture, low heat value and the like of the urban solid wastes in China, in order to ensure that the pyrolysis gasification combustion process in the fixed bed/vertical rotary gasification combustion furnace is normally carried out, pretreatment processes and equipment such as sorting, crushing, magnetic separation, drying and the like are required to be added, so that the investment is large, and meanwhile, the fault points are increased due to the fact that the working procedures are numerous, and the use and maintenance costs are correspondingly increased. 2. The single vertical rotary gasification combustion furnace has inflexible treatment capacity, and the capacity of each chamber is fixed, so that the optimal solution is difficult to achieve when facing solid waste materials with different components and contents. 3. The thermochemical reaction space and the deslagging pyrolysis gasification chamber in the hearth are narrow, the loosening, stirring and mixing mechanism effects are not obvious, the distribution and distribution uniformity are difficult to ensure, the physical and chemical characteristic distribution of the solid waste is seriously uneven, and the solid waste in the hearth is easy to coke and agglomerate under the pyrolysis gasification process condition. Aiming at the problems, the patent 1 discloses a high-capacity high-load double-hearth garbage incinerator (CN 216591722U), which adopts a structure with symmetrical double hearths, and comprises 2 drying grates and burning-out grates which are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the hearth to form a combustion space of the hearth. The patent 2 discloses an integrated high-efficiency gasification combustion furnace for solid wastes, which is characterized in that a fixed bed gasification section, a dry pyrolysis section and a combustible gas combustion section are coaxially arranged in 1 furnace body from bottom to top, a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the fixed bed gasification section, and a grate is a 3-7-layer pagoda type ventilation structure. However, when the above results are applied to the disposal of small-sized village and town solid wastes, the problems of complicated treatment procedures and equipment, complex whole process control, high whole furnace body structure, large factory building and equipment investment, and easy material blockage due to the adoption of a single vertical pyrolysis gasifier and narrow slag discharge channel thereof can occur. Compared with the traditional grate type incineration technology, the gasification combustion technology is adopted to produce fewer pollutants and smoke, and the smoke purification cost is lower. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a miniaturized tower type multistage grate staged gasification combustion furnace for trea