CN-116293703-B - Multi-hearth forward and backward pushing combined grading gasification combustion furnace

CN116293703BCN 116293703 BCN116293703 BCN 116293703BCN-116293703-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste incineration treatment, and particularly discloses a multi-hearth forward and backward pushing combined grading gasification combustion furnace which comprises a drying pyrolysis chamber, a gasification combustion chamber and a pyrolysis gasification chamber, wherein the pyrolysis gasification chamber is communicated with the drying pyrolysis chamber and the gasification combustion chamber, a high-temperature flue gas outlet is arranged on the gasification combustion chamber and is communicated with a waste heat utilization chamber, a drying pyrolysis section fire grate set is arranged in the drying pyrolysis chamber, a gasification section fire grate set and a combustion ashes section fire grate set are arranged in the gasification combustion chamber, the gasification section fire grate set and the combustion ashes section fire grate set form a V shape, the input end of the gasification section fire grate set is positioned below the outlet of the pyrolysis gasification chamber, the gasification section fire grate set adopts a backward pushing structure, and the drying pyrolysis section fire grate set and the combustion ashes section fire grate set adopt forward pushing structures. The invention is used for treating garbage, the garbage materials are smoothly conveyed in the furnace and have high efficiency, stirring and mixing are sufficient, gasification combustion efficiency is high, and the whole combustion furnace has simple operation and control, compact structure and lower construction, use and maintenance costs.

Inventors

GUO DAJIANG
YANG YU
BAI JISONG
ZHU XINCAI
LIN SHUNHONG
XU MING

Assignees

重庆滨南生态科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20230428

Claims (10)

1. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined grading gasification combustion furnace comprises a drying pyrolysis chamber and a gasification combustion chamber which are arranged up and down, and is characterized in that a pyrolysis gasification chamber is further arranged between the drying pyrolysis chamber and the gasification combustion chamber, an inlet of the pyrolysis gasification chamber is communicated with an outlet of the drying pyrolysis chamber at the upper layer, an outlet of the pyrolysis gasification chamber is communicated with the gasification combustion chamber at the lower layer, the gasification combustion chamber is in a negative pressure state, a high-temperature flue gas outlet is arranged on the gasification combustion chamber, the high-temperature flue gas outlet is communicated with a waste heat utilization chamber, a drying pyrolysis section fire grate set is arranged in the drying pyrolysis chamber, the gasification combustion chamber is provided with a gasification section fire grate set and a combustion fire grate set, waste at an output end of the gasification section fire grate set is sent to an input end of the combustion fire grate set, the gasification section fire grate set and the combustion fire grate set form a V shape, an input end of the gasification section fire grate set is positioned below an output end of the pyrolysis gasification chamber, an input end position of the gasification section fire grate set is higher than an output end position of the gasification section fire grate set and an output end position of the combustion fire grate set, the gasification section fire grate set adopts a reverse pushing structure, and the drying pyrolysis section fire grate set and the combustion fire grate set adopts a fire grate forward pushing structure.
2. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 1, wherein an included angle between an integral fire grate surface of the gasification stage fire grate assembly and an integral fire grate surface of the combustion ashes stage fire grate assembly is 168 degrees, an inclination angle of the integral fire grate surface of the gasification stage fire grate assembly relative to a horizontal plane is 28 degrees, an inclination angle of a single-row fire grate surface of the gasification stage fire grate assembly relative to the horizontal plane is 44 degrees, an inclination angle of the integral fire grate surface of the combustion ashes stage fire grate assembly relative to the horizontal plane is 16 degrees, and an inclination angle of the single-row fire grate surface of the combustion ashes stage fire grate assembly relative to the horizontal plane is 0 degree.
3. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 2, wherein the waste heat utilization chamber surrounds the outer wall of the pyrolysis gasification chamber, a plurality of spoilers are arranged on a flue gas flow path of the waste heat utilization chamber, and adjacent spoilers are staggered, so that the flue gas flow path is S-shaped.
4. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 2, wherein the outer surface of the waste heat utilization chamber is coiled with an S-shaped heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is used for providing heated primary air for a gasification stage fire grate group and a combustion ashes stage fire grate group of the gasification combustion chamber.
5. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace of claim 2 is characterized in that high-temperature flue gas is purified after passing through a waste heat utilization chamber, low-temperature flue gas formed after the purification treatment is sent into a drying pyrolysis chamber as required, and a temperature sensor is arranged at the inlet of the low-temperature flue gas entering the drying pyrolysis chamber.
6. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a briquette disposed at the junction of the gasification stage grate set and the combustion ashes stage grate set.
7. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cross section of the pressing block is trapezoid.
8. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein a secondary air pipe is arranged on the gasification combustion chamber, and an air outlet of the secondary air pipe faces to the upper part of the fire grate group of the combustion ashes section.
9. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace as set forth in any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors and pressure sensors disposed within the drying pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis gasification chamber and the gasification combustion chamber.
10. The multi-hearth forward and backward combined staged gasification combustion furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein a burner is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber.

Description

Multi-hearth forward and backward pushing combined grading gasification combustion furnace Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste incineration treatment, in particular to a multi-hearth forward and backward pushing combined grading gasification combustion furnace. Background The existing garbage treatment technology mainly comprises incineration, sanitary landfill, composting and the like. In the conventional garbage treatment technology, the incineration treatment is widely implemented due to the advantages of obvious reduction effect, complete harmless treatment, small occupied area, utilization of waste heat energy, less secondary pollution and the like. The existing most common incinerators comprise a fluidized bed incinerator, a mechanical grate incinerator, a fixed bed incinerator and the like, the fluidized bed incinerator is one of the mature garbage incinerating technologies in the world at present, but the fluidized bed incinerator has high pretreatment requirements on garbage, the classification and collection standardization degree of domestic garbage in China is poor at present, the garbage is difficult to reach the size requirement without pretreatment, meanwhile, the components of the garbage in China are complex, the sources are various, the characteristics of high water content, low heat value and the like are also provided, and the problems of unstable working condition and high failure rate of the fluidized bed incinerator when the garbage is treated are caused. The mechanical grate incinerator has the advantages of long application history, mature technology, no need of pretreatment of garbage, low failure rate, long annual running time, large treatment capacity, no need of adding auxiliary fuel in the stable combustion process, less fly ash production and the like. The technology is widely applied to the vast majority of the global waste incineration treatment industries, especially the waste incineration power generation field of large and medium-sized cities in China. Aiming at the characteristics of complex components, various sources, wide distribution, larger fluctuation of garbage yield and components along with season and region changes, in particular to multi-scale, low heat value and high moisture content of domestic and foreign domestic garbage, fixed bed type pyrolysis gasification combustion furnace equipment has been developed, wherein a vertical rotary gasification combustion furnace developed based on a fixed bed pyrolysis gasification technology has the advantages of compact structure, convenient maintenance, simple operation and the like, and is most widely applied in south villages and towns in China. However, in order to ensure that the pyrolysis gasification combustion process in the fixed bed/vertical rotary gasification combustion furnace is normally carried out, pretreatment processes and equipment such as sorting, crushing, magnetic separation, drying and the like are required for garbage, so that the investment is high, meanwhile, the fault points are easily increased due to the multiple working procedures, and the use and maintenance costs are correspondingly increased. In addition, the village and town garbage distribution region is dispersed, the transportation distance is long, and the treatment capacity of a single vertical rotary gasification combustion furnace is extremely small. The developed pyrolysis gasification chamber has narrow thermochemical reaction space and slag discharging channels, the loosening, stirring and mixing effects are not obvious, the distribution and distribution uniformity are difficult to ensure under the condition of poor garbage pretreatment effect, the garbage is seriously uneven in physical and chemical characteristic distribution due to different sources of components, and meanwhile, under the condition of pyrolysis gasification process conditions, coking and agglomeration of the garbage in the furnace are easy to occur. Under the condition of multiple adverse factors, the problems of unstable operation condition, insufficient combustion and the like of the vertical rotary gasification combustion furnace are extremely easy to cause, and even serious furnace shutdown events such as unsmooth slag discharge, mechanical clamping and the like can be caused. In the prior art, in order to achieve pyrolysis gasification of garbage incineration and reduce the volume and investment of an incinerator, a great deal of research is also being conducted in the art about the incinerator and the grate system adopted by the incinerator. For example, a multi-layer reciprocating gasification combustion furnace with a patent publication number of CN107131503A is formed by overlapping 3 layers of fire grates, a connecting channel is arranged between the two layers, and a feed bin is arranged. The technology has wide raw material application range in garbage treatment, and each layer of fire grate can realize p