CN-116314977-B - Fuel cell standby power supply capable of coping with low temperature condition and based on solid hydrogen storage system

CN116314977BCN 116314977 BCN116314977 BCN 116314977BCN-116314977-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fuel cell standby power, in particular to a fuel cell standby power based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which can cope with low-temperature conditions, comprising: the device comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production device, a pure water tank, a hydrogen pipeline, a pressure relief valve, a pressure sensor, a primary adsorption tank, a high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a solid hydrogen storage device, a one-way valve, a stop valve, a pressure relief valve, a fuel cell, a circulating water pump, a circulating water heater, a water tank, a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, a hydrogen leakage monitoring sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and the like. The invention can continuously supply hydrogen to the fuel cell by adopting a solid hydrogen storage mode under a low-temperature environment, thereby continuously providing power for electricity utilization units. The invention has reasonable scheme and simple structure, and can store or output electric energy by utilizing the advantages of the hydrogen storage alloy and the fuel cell. In addition, the invention can reasonably utilize the electric power resource, reduce the load valley difference of the power grid, avoid the energy waste and realize the economic operation of the power grid.

Inventors

HE BINBIN
LU YANSHAN
JIANG JUN
PAN JUN
ZHANG XING
HUANG XURUI

Assignees

广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20230325

Claims (8)

1. A fuel cell standby power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low temperature conditions is characterized in that a gas transmission end of an electrolytic hydrogen production device is connected with a first port of a three-way joint through a gas pipeline, a second port of the three-way joint is connected with a gas inlet end of a fifth stop valve through a gas pipeline, a third port of the three-way joint is connected with a gas inlet end of a second one-way valve through a gas pipeline, an output end of the fifth stop valve is connected with a first port of the three-way joint through a gas pipeline, a second port of the three-way joint is connected with a gas inlet end of a second solid-state hydrogen storage tank through a gas pipeline, a third port of the three-way joint is connected with a first port of another three-way joint through a gas pipeline, an output end of the fourth stop valve is directly connected with the atmosphere through a gas pipeline, and a third port of the three-way joint is connected with a gas inlet end of the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank through a gas pipeline; The output end of the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected with a first port of a three-way joint through a gas pipeline, a second port of the three-way joint is connected with a third pressure sensor, a third port of the three-way joint is connected with a first port of another three-way joint through a gas pipeline, a second port of the other three-way joint is connected with the output end of a second solid-state hydrogen storage tank through a gas pipeline, a third port of the three-way joint is connected with the air inlet end of a fourth stop valve through a gas pipeline, and the output end of the fourth stop valve is connected with the air inlet end of a second pressure reducing valve through a gas pipeline; The output end of the first-stage adsorption tank is connected with the first port of a three-way joint through a gas pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint is connected with the air inlet end of a third check valve through a gas pipeline, the output end of the third check valve is connected with the air inlet end of a third one-way joint through a gas pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint is connected with a second pressure sensor through a gas pipeline, the output end of the third check valve is connected with the air inlet end of the third one-way valve through a gas pipeline, the output end of the third check valve is connected with the first port of a three-way joint through a gas pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint is connected with the first pressure sensor through a gas pipeline, the third port of the three-way joint is connected with the air inlet end of a high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device through a gas pipeline, the output end of the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device is connected with the first port of a three-way joint through a gas pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint is connected with the air inlet end of the third one-way valve through a gas pipeline, the output end of the three-way valve is connected with the other three-way valve through a gas pipeline, the output end of the three-way joint is connected with the first port of a three-way joint through a gas pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint is connected with a fourth pressure sensor through a gas pipeline, the third port of the three-way joint is connected with the air inlet end of a third stop valve through a gas pipeline, the output end of the third stop valve is connected with the air inlet end of a first pressure reducing valve through a gas pipeline, the output end of the first pressure reducing valve is connected with the first port of a three-way joint through a gas pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint is connected with the output end of a second pressure reducing valve through a gas pipeline, and the third port of the three-way joint is connected with the air inlet end of a fuel cell through a gas pipeline; The water inlet end of the first stop valve is connected with a first port of a three-way joint through a waterway pipeline, a second port of the three-way joint is connected with a first temperature sensor with a matched threaded joint in a threaded connection mode, a third port of the three-way joint is connected with the water outlet end of the circulating water heater through a waterway pipeline, the water inlet end of the circulating water heater is connected with the water outlet end of the heat exchange waterway through a waterway pipeline, and the water inlet of the circulating water heater is connected with the first water tank through a waterway pipeline; The water outlet end of the first solid hydrogen storage tank interlayer heat exchange waterway is connected with the water inlet end of the second solid hydrogen storage tank through a waterway pipeline, the water outlet end of the second solid hydrogen storage tank is connected with a first port of a three-way joint through a waterway pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint is connected with a second temperature sensor, and the third port of the three-way joint is connected with the water inlet end of a second water tank through a waterway pipeline; The electrolytic hydrogen production device, the circulating water heater and the nickel-hydrogen battery pack are powered by an external power supply, the fuel cell and the nickel-hydrogen battery pack are connected with a user through a power supply circuit, the external power supply is powered by commercial power or clean energy, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is powered by a circulating water pump, the user is powered by the nickel-hydrogen battery pack or the fuel cell, and the circulating water pump is a self-priming pump, a gear pump or a diaphragm pump.
2. The fuel cell back-up power supply based on a solid state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low temperature conditions according to claim 1, wherein the first solid state hydrogen storage tank and the second solid state hydrogen storage tank are composed of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks, the primary adsorption tank is composed of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization, and the high pressure solid state hydrogen storage device is composed of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization, wherein: The metal hydride hydrogen storage tank consists of a gas valve, a heat exchange waterway or circulating water jacket, a water outlet end, a filter element, a porous stainless steel guide pipe, a hydrogen storage module, heat transfer fins, a tank body and a water inlet end, and the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank is structurally characterized in that the gas valve is positioned outside the tank body, the filter element is positioned at one end of an inner cavity of the tank body, one end of the gas valve is in threaded connection with one end of the tank body through a pipeline, one end of the pipeline extends to the inner cavity of the tank body and is fixedly connected with one end of the filter element, the porous stainless steel guide pipe is arranged at the central axis of the inside of the tank body, the other end of the filter element is inserted into the porous stainless steel guide pipe, the filter element and the porous stainless steel guide pipe are coaxial, the hydrogen storage module is filled in the tank body, the porous stainless steel guide pipe penetrates the hydrogen storage module, more than two heat transfer fins are arranged in the hydrogen storage module, the heat transfer fins are mutually parallel to be arranged on the inner side wall of the tank body, a through hole is formed in the center of each heat transfer fin, and the porous stainless steel guide pipe penetrates through the heat transfer fins.
3. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low temperature conditions according to claim 2, wherein a heat exchange waterway or a circulating water jacket is arranged on the outer periphery of the tank body, a water outlet end and a water inlet end are respectively arranged on the heat exchange waterway or the circulating water jacket, and the water flow direction of the heat exchange waterway or the circulating water jacket is water inlet from the bottom of the tank body and water outlet from the top of the tank body.
4. The fuel cell standby power supply based on a solid hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks of the first solid hydrogen storage tank and the second solid hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen storage materials filled in the hydrogen storage modules are rare earth materials or titanium materials, saturated hydrogen absorption pressure is lower than hydrogen outlet pressure of an electrolytic hydrogen production device by 1.6 MPa-3.2 MPa at 30 ℃, in the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen pressurization of the primary adsorption tank, the hydrogen storage materials filled in the hydrogen storage modules are rare earth materials or titanium materials, saturated hydrogen absorption pressure is lower than hydrogen outlet pressure of the electrolytic hydrogen production device by 1.6 MPa-3.2 MPa at 30 ℃, hydrogen absorption pressure is higher than 10MPa at 80 ℃, and in the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage materials filled in the hydrogen storage modules are rare earth materials or titanium materials, hydrogen absorption pressure is higher than 1MPa at 30 ℃ below zero, and saturated hydrogen absorption pressure is lower than 10MPa at 30 ℃.
5. A solid state hydrogen storage system based fuel cell back-up power supply according to claim 2 wherein two or more layers of two or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks each constitute a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank cluster.
6. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low temperature condition according to claim 5, wherein the structure of the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank cluster is composed of a gas valve, a gas pipeline, a four-way joint, a tank valve, a tank water outlet end, a supporting frame, a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, a tank water inlet end and a three-way joint, and the specific structure is as follows: The metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks are five layers and three layers are uniformly distributed on the support frame, each metal hydride hydrogen storage tank is respectively provided with a tank body water outlet end and a tank body water inlet end, one end pipeline of each metal hydride hydrogen storage tank is provided with a tank body valve, the pipeline of each three metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks is communicated with three ports of the four-way joint, the fourth port of the four-way joint is respectively communicated with the first port of the three-way joint through a gas pipeline, the second port of the three-way joint positioned at the upper part is mutually communicated with the second port and the three ports of other three-way joints, and the third port of the three-way joint positioned at the upper part is communicated with the gas valve.
7. The fuel cell back-up power supply based on a solid state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with a low temperature condition according to claim 1, wherein a hydrogen gas leakage sensor is further provided, the hydrogen gas leakage sensor being disposed at the top inside a case of the fuel cell back-up power supply.
8. A fuel cell back-up power supply based on a solid state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low temperature conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fuel cell back-up power supply is used by dividing into two processes of storing electric energy and low temperature power supply; the process of storing electric energy is as follows: the control system sends out an instruction to start working after receiving the instruction, the electrolytic hydrogen production device electrolyzes water in the pure water tank to generate hydrogen, the circulating water pump starts, the first solid hydrogen storage tank and the second solid hydrogen storage tank start absorbing hydrogen and radiating heat, and a fifth stop valve is opened, the hydrogen is filled into the first solid hydrogen storage tank, the first solid hydrogen storage tank and the second solid hydrogen storage tank, when the real-time monitoring air pressure of the second pressure sensor is a specified value, the circulating water heater starts heating the circulating water, the first adsorption tank heats up, at the moment, hydrogen begins to be discharged after the hydrogen alloy in the first adsorption tank is heated, the internal gas pressure of the first adsorption tank increases, when the value of the second pressure sensor increases to the specified pressure, the second stop valve is opened, the hydrogen is pressurized and then is introduced into the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; The low-temperature power supply process is as follows: when the external power supply is stopped and the external environment is at low temperature or below zero ℃, after receiving an instruction, the control system sends an instruction, the third stop valve is opened, high-pressure hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank enters the fuel cell through the first pressure reducing valve, at the moment, the fuel cell starts to provide electric energy and heat energy, the circulating water pump is started, liquid heated by the fuel cell is circularly transmitted, when the second temperature sensor reaches a specified value, the first solid hydrogen storage tank and the second solid hydrogen storage tank start to be started, the internal hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen, when the third pressure sensor reaches the specified value, the fourth stop valve is opened, the high-pressure hydrogen is continuously conveyed into the fuel cell through the second pressure reducing valve, and at the moment, the fuel cell realizes a low-temperature power supply process.

Description

Fuel cell standby power supply capable of coping with low temperature condition and based on solid hydrogen storage system Technical Field The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell back-up power, and more particularly to a solid state hydrogen storage system based fuel cell back-up power that can handle low temperature conditions. Background Compared with fossil fuel, the hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, no pollution product generation in the use process, rich hydrogen source and the like, and is considered as the clean energy with the most development potential in the 21 st century. In many applications of hydrogen energy, the fuel cell technology is characterized by silence, high efficiency, no pollution and the like, so that the fuel cell technology is suitable for non-power equipment such as aviation ground support equipment, portable power sources, emergency lighting equipment and the like. The traditional standby power supply converts gasoline and diesel oil combustion into electric energy to supply power for a system, and has the problems of high noise, carbon emission and the like, so that researchers try to develop clean energy sources for supplying power for lamps, such as photovoltaic type and wind type mobile lighting lamps, but the problems of energy supply intermittence exist. As fuel cell technology matures, hydrogen energy can be used in backup power. The design of the standby power supply is developed by adopting a hydrogen energy form, and the implementation process mainly comprises the technical links of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, fuel cells and the like, wherein the efficient and safe storage of the hydrogen energy is the key for realizing the hydrogen energy. Hydrogen exists in a gaseous form under normal conditions and is flammable, explosive and diffusive, which makes storage of hydrogen very difficult. The storage of hydrogen is mainly divided into 3 modes of gas, liquid and solid. The gaseous hydrogen is mainly high-pressure compressed hydrogen, namely hydrogen is compressed under high pressure and stored in a high-density gaseous form, and the technology is the most mature and most commonly used hydrogen storage technology, and has the characteristics of low cost, easiness in dehydrogenation, wider working conditions and the like. However, the hydrogen storage capacity is small, the energy consumption is large, a pressure-resistant container is needed, and unsafe factors such as hydrogen leakage and container blasting exist. The low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage technology is to realize high-efficiency hydrogen storage by utilizing the characteristic that hydrogen is liquefied under high pressure and low temperature, and the volume density is 845 times of that of the gaseous hydrogen, and the conveying efficiency of the technology is higher than that of the gaseous hydrogen. However, in order to ensure low temperature and high pressure conditions, not only is the requirement on the material of the storage tank met, but also a matched strict heat insulation scheme and cooling equipment are required. The low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage technology is mainly applied to the military and aerospace fields, and commercial research and application are just started, but due to the advantages in the aspects of large-scale and long-distance storage and transportation. The solid state hydrogen storage is a way of storing hydrogen in the form of a metal hydride by combining with hydrogen, and releasing hydrogen under certain conditions. The solid hydrogen storage has certain advantages compared with high-pressure gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage, namely, the solid hydrogen storage has high volume hydrogen storage density, the solid hydrogen storage has good safety, the solid hydrogen storage can store hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure, the storage tank is easy to seal, even if hydrogen leakage occurs under an emergency, the storage tank can automatically reduce the leakage speed and leakage amount of the hydrogen, and precious time is gained for taking safety measures. Meanwhile, the solid hydrogen is stored under lower pressure, so that the energy consumption required by high-pressure hydrogen compression and the investment cost required by a high-pressure hydrogen compressor are saved. The advantages enable the solid hydrogen storage to be applied to the scenes of fixed hydrogen storage, hydrogen storage for peak and valley filling of an electric power system, standby power supply and the like. However, the hydrogen absorption and desorption pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy decreases with the decrease of the temperature, so that the situation of low temperature or even subzero can occur in some extreme environments, and the solid state hydrogen storage mode cannot effectively provide hydrogen for the fuel cell. Therefore, there is a need to design a fuel cell backup power supply based on a