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CN-116315254-B - Honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating thermoelectric device and PCM

CN116315254BCN 116315254 BCN116315254 BCN 116315254BCN-116315254-B

Abstract

A honeycomb battery module thermal management system integrating a thermoelectric device and a PCM (pulse code modulation) is characterized in that a hexagonal honeycomb battery heat conduction frame is arranged in a system shell, a pipe penetrating hole is formed in the center of the battery heat conduction frame, a liquid cooling pipeline penetrates through the pipe penetrating hole, and the liquid cooling pipeline is connected with a heat exchanger for heat exchange. The outer wall surfaces of the battery heat conduction frames are tightly attached with thermoelectric devices, the hot ends of the thermoelectric devices are tightly attached with liquid cooling plates, and the liquid cooling plates are connected with a heat exchanger for heat exchange. The battery heat conduction frame is provided with a plurality of grooves at equal intervals, the grooves are respectively used for installing a battery, a PCM6 and fins, the PCM is filled in the grooves, the fins are tightly attached to the battery, and the battery and the fins are wrapped by the PCM 6. The invention carries out the heat management of the battery by the active refrigeration/heating function of the thermoelectric device and the temperature invariable characteristic of the phase change material PCM during the phase change, so as to maintain the battery in a specified working temperature range, improve the uniform temperature distribution of the battery unit, prevent the battery from thermal runaway, and improve the service life of the battery and the stability under different working conditions.

Inventors

  • LUO DING
  • ZHAO YE
  • YANG XUELIN
  • ZHANG LULU

Assignees

  • 三峡大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20230207

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating a thermoelectric device and a PCM is characterized by comprising a shell (1), wherein a hexagonal honeycomb type battery heat conduction frame (8) is arranged in the shell (1), a pipe penetrating hole is formed in the center of the battery heat conduction frame (8), a liquid cooling pipeline (4) penetrates through the pipe penetrating hole and is arranged on the battery heat conduction frame (8), and the liquid cooling pipeline (4) is connected with a heat exchanger (10) for heat exchange; the outer wall surfaces of the battery heat conduction frames (8) are tightly attached with thermoelectric devices (2), the hot ends of the thermoelectric devices (2) are tightly attached with liquid cooling plates (3), and the liquid cooling plates (3) are connected with a heat exchanger (10) for heat exchange; The battery heat conduction frame (8) is provided with a plurality of grooves at equal intervals around the perforating hole, the grooves are respectively used for installing the battery (5), the PCM (6) and the fins (7), the PCM (6) are filled in the grooves, the fins (7) are tightly attached to the battery (5), and the battery (5) and the fins (7) are wrapped by the PCM (6).
  2. 2. The honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating thermoelectric devices and PCM according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of thermoelectric devices (2) are uniformly distributed on the peripheral outer wall surface of the battery heat conduction frame (8), and the thermoelectric devices (2) are used for preventing heat storage saturation of the PCM (6) and heating the battery (5).
  3. 3. The honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating thermoelectric devices and Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) according to claim 2, wherein the number of thermoelectric devices (2) placed on each outer wall surface of a battery heat conduction frame (8) is A, A is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 16, A thermoelectric devices (2) are mutually connected in series, positive electrodes and negative electrodes of the thermoelectric devices are respectively connected with positive electrodes and negative electrodes of a power supply (12) outside a shell (1), and the current directions of the thermoelectric devices (2) can be switched.
  4. 4. A honeycomb battery module thermal management system integrating a thermoelectric device and a PCM according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said thermoelectric device (2) comprises an upper ceramic plate (13) and a lower ceramic plate (14) which are horizontally arranged, and X copper electrodes (18) which are closely attached between the upper ceramic plate and the lower ceramic plate, 2X thermoelectric semiconductors are placed between the copper electrodes (18), and the 2X thermoelectric semiconductors comprise X P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors and are connected in series with each other in a P-N-P mode to form X pairs of thermoelectric arms.
  5. 5. The honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating the thermoelectric device and the PCM according to claim 1, wherein the shell (1) is a hexagonal groove container, and a mounting hole is formed in the center of the shell and is used for passing through a liquid cooling pipeline (4), the liquid cooling pipeline (4) is a circular pipeline and is closely attached to a pipe penetrating hole of a battery heat conducting frame (8), and heat exchange liquid is filled in the liquid cooling pipeline (4); the left end of the shell (1) is provided with a first hole corresponding to a liquid inlet (19) of the liquid cooling pipeline (4), and heat exchange liquid is led in through the liquid inlet (19) of the liquid cooling pipeline (4); the right end of the shell (1) is provided with a second hole corresponding to the liquid outlet (20) of the liquid cooling pipeline (4), and heat exchange liquid flows out through the liquid outlet (20) of the liquid cooling pipeline (4); the liquid cooling pipeline (4) is connected with the pump (9) and the heat exchanger (10) for heat exchange.
  6. 6. The heat management system of a cellular battery module integrating a thermoelectric device and a PCM (pulse code modulation) according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate (3) is equal to the ceramic plate area of the thermoelectric device (2), and the liquid cooling plate (3) is tightly attached to the ceramic plate of the thermoelectric device (2) for improving the heat exchange efficiency of the thermoelectric device (2) during refrigeration.
  7. 7. The honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating the thermoelectric device and the PCM, which is characterized in that the liquid cooling plate (3) comprises an end cover (15), a plate body (16) and a liquid cooling pipeline (17), wherein the liquid cooling pipeline (17) is bent and folded into two and arranged in the plate body (16) to be closely attached to the inner bottom surface of the plate body (16), and the two ends of the liquid cooling pipeline (17) are provided with a heat exchange liquid inlet and a heat exchange liquid outlet; The liquid cooling plate (3) is provided with a liquid inlet (21) at the lower right, heat exchange liquid is led in through a liquid cooling pipe guide pipeline (17), and a liquid outlet (22) is arranged at the upper left, and the heat exchange liquid flows out; the liquid cooling plate (3) is connected with the pump (9) and the heat exchanger (10) for heat exchange.
  8. 8. The honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating the thermoelectric device and the PCM according to claim 1, wherein a heat conduction path is formed from a battery (5) inside the shell (1), the PCM (6), a battery heat conduction frame (8) and a liquid cooling pipeline (4); the heat exchange device comprises a battery (5), a PCM (6), a battery heat conduction frame (8), a thermoelectric device (2) and a liquid cooling plate (3), wherein a pump (9) outside a shell (1) pumps heat exchange liquid in a liquid cooling pipeline (4) and the liquid cooling plate (3) through a heat exchanger (10) to form a liquid heat exchange passage.
  9. 9. The honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating the thermoelectric device and the PCM, which is characterized in that a temperature sensor is arranged in the battery (5) and used for measuring the temperature of the battery (5), a liquid sensor is arranged in the PCM (6) and used for measuring the liquid volume of the PCM (6), the temperature sensor and the liquid sensor are connected with a controller (11), and the controller (11) is respectively connected with a power supply (12), a pump (9) and the thermoelectric device (2).
  10. 10. The battery thermal management method of the battery module thermal management system of claim 4, wherein corresponding control strategies are adopted according to the difference of the temperatures of the batteries (5) and the phase change degree of the PCM (6): 1) When the temperature T of the battery (5) is more than or equal to T target , the normal charge and discharge temperature of the battery (5) rises, and the PCM (6) wrapping the battery (5) and the battery (5) exchange heat to absorb the heat emitted by the battery (5) and reduce the temperature of the battery (5), and the fins (7) which are additionally arranged on the battery (5) and wrapped by the PCM (6) improve the heat conductivity of the PCM (6) so that the heat of the battery (5) can be quickly absorbed by the PCM (6) to reduce the temperature of the battery (5); 2) When the volume fraction of the PCM liquid is 80% -90%, the controller (11) controls the power supply (12) to supply forward current to the thermoelectric device (2), the temperature of the upper ceramic plate (13) of the thermoelectric device (2) is reduced to form a refrigerating end, the temperature of the lower ceramic plate (14) of the thermoelectric device is increased to form a radiating end, the heat storage of the PCM (6) is prevented from being saturated through the heat conduction of the battery heat conduction frame (8), the PCM (6) is always in a phase change process, the temperature of the PCM (6) is kept unchanged before the phase change is finished, so that the temperature distribution of the wrapped battery (5) is uniform, meanwhile, the controller (11) controls the power supply (12) to supply current to the pump (9), and the heat generated by the radiating end of the thermoelectric device (2) and the latent heat absorbed by the PCM (6) can be carried and discharged through the circulation of the heat conduction liquid in the heat conduction path; 3) When the volume fraction of the PCM6 liquid is more than 90%, the controller (11) controls the power supply (12) to supply large current to the pump (9) so that the pump works in a heat dissipation mode, and heat is dissipated in the environment to exchange heat, wherein the power of the pump (9) is improved, and the heat conduction liquid is driven to circulate in a liquid-cooled heat exchange passage at a higher flow rate, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is improved; 4) When the temperature of the battery is less than or equal to T target , the controller (11) controls the power supply (12) to supply reverse current to the thermoelectric device (2), wherein the temperature of the upper ceramic plate (13) of the thermoelectric device (2) rises to become a heating end, the temperature of the lower ceramic plate (14) of the thermoelectric device (2) falls to become a heat absorbing end, the PCM (6) is heated through the heat conduction of the battery heat conduction frame (8), the heating is stopped after the PCM (6) completely undergoes a phase change process, when the PCM (6) is cooled, stored heat is emitted to the environment within a certain temperature range to carry out reverse phase change from liquid state to solid state, and at the moment, the emitted heat is absorbed by the battery (5), and the temperature of the battery rises to be more than T target .

Description

Honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating thermoelectric device and PCM Technical Field The invention relates to the field of thermal management of energy storage batteries, in particular to a honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating a thermoelectric device and a PCM. Background Lithium ion power cells are considered to be the primary choice of power cell systems due to their high energy density, high voltage, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life and specific energy. Generally, the optimal working temperature range of the lithium ion battery is 20-40 ℃ and the temperature uniformity is 5 ℃. However, lithium ion power cells have difficulty dissipating heat during sustained increases in temperature and heat accumulation due to lack of efficient heat dissipation methods, which in turn exacerbates the electrochemical reaction. Thus, thermal runaway TR, especially under severe conditions, can create flames, fires and explosive accidents. There is a higher chance of thermal runaway TR occurring during stress and abusive battery operation, for example, running under high discharge rates, high ambient temperatures (> 40 ℃) and overcharge and discharge and mechanical collision conditions. Therefore, developing a highly efficient, scientific, and appropriate battery thermal management system BTMS has an important role in improving battery life and stability under different operating conditions. Specifically, the functions of (1) accurately monitoring and measuring the battery operating temperature in real time, (2) efficiently radiating heat from the battery pack at high temperature and rapidly heating the battery pack at low temperature, (3) continuously maintaining the battery pack in a specified operating temperature range, and (4) improving the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the battery cells must be satisfied. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a honeycomb type battery module thermal management system integrating a thermoelectric device and a PCM (pulse code modulation), which is used for carrying out thermal management on a battery through the active refrigeration/heating function of the thermoelectric device and the constant temperature characteristic of the phase change material PCM during phase change, so that the battery is maintained in a specified working temperature range, the temperature distribution uniformity of a battery unit is improved, the thermal runaway of the battery is prevented, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the stability of the battery under different working conditions is improved. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: A cellular battery module thermal management system integrating a thermoelectric device and a PCM, the system comprising: The shell is internally provided with a hexagonal honeycomb battery heat conduction frame, a pipe penetrating hole is formed in the center of the battery heat conduction frame, a liquid cooling pipeline penetrates through the pipe penetrating hole and is arranged with the battery heat conduction frame, and the liquid cooling pipeline is connected with a heat exchanger for heat exchange; the outer wall surfaces of the battery heat conduction frames are respectively and closely attached with a thermoelectric device, the hot ends of the thermoelectric devices are respectively and closely attached with a liquid cooling plate, and the liquid cooling plates are connected with a heat exchanger for heat exchange; The heat conducting frame of the battery is provided with 11 grooves at equal intervals around the pipe penetrating holes, the grooves are respectively used for installing the battery, the PCM6 and the fins, the PCM is filled in the grooves, the fins are tightly attached to the battery, the fins are added for improving the heat conductivity of the PCM6 to reduce the heat storage and release time, the PCM6 wraps the battery and the fins, the heat emitted by each part of the battery can be fully absorbed, and the temperature difference of the battery is reduced. The plurality of thermoelectric devices are uniformly distributed on the peripheral outer wall surface of the battery heat conduction frame and are used for preventing heat storage saturation of the PCM6 and heating the battery. Wherein the number of thermoelectric devices arranged on each outer wall surface is A, and A is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 16. The A thermoelectric devices are connected in series, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the A thermoelectric devices are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply outside the shell, and the current direction of the thermoelectric devices can be switched. The thermoelectric device comprises an upper ceramic plate and a lower ceramic plate which are horizontally arranged, X copper electrodes which are closely attached between the upp