CN-116404198-B - Hydrogen supply regulating system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

CN116404198BCN 116404198 BCN116404198 BCN 116404198BCN-116404198-B

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen supply regulating system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank, an ejector, a hydrogen circulating pump, a tail gas dehydrogenation device, an auxiliary tank, a first proportional valve, a second proportional valve and a dryer, wherein an outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank is communicated with an ejection fluid inlet of the ejector, an outlet of the ejector is communicated with an anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is communicated with a pressure reducing valve, an anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with an inlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device, 2 outlets are arranged on the tail gas dehydrogenation device, the second outlet is communicated with the auxiliary tank, a first outlet is respectively communicated with the second proportional valve and the first proportional valve, the first proportional valve is communicated with an inlet of the dryer, an outlet of the dryer is respectively communicated with an inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump, and a water draining outlet of the dryer is communicated with the auxiliary tank. The invention solves the problems of insufficient hydrogen supply and flooding at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and lower single voltage at the anode outlet.

Inventors

JIA HEKUN
LI HAILONG
YIN BIFENG
YU YINGXIAO
XIE XUAN
WANG JIAN

Assignees

江苏大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20230526

Claims (9)

1. The hydrogen supply regulating system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by comprising a high-pressure hydrogen tank (2), an ejector (3), a hydrogen circulating pump (4), a tail gas dehydrogenation device (5), a first switching valve (7), a pressure reducing valve (8), a second switching valve (9), a third switching valve (10), a three-way valve (11), a fourth switching valve (12), a fifth switching valve (13), a one-way valve (14), an auxiliary tank (15), a first proportional valve (17), a second proportional valve (18) and a dryer (19); The outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) is communicated with the injection fluid inlet of the injector (3) after passing through the pressure reducing valve (8) and the first switching valve (7) in sequence, the outlet of the injector (3) is communicated with the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is communicated with the pressure reducing valve (8) after passing through the one-way valve (14), the fifth switching valve (13), the three-way valve (11) and the second switching valve (9) in sequence, and a branch between the fifth switching valve (13) and the three-way valve (11) is communicated with the working fluid inlet of the injector (3) through the fourth switching valve (12); The anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is connected with the inlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5), 2 outlets are arranged on the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5), a first outlet is used for discharging residual mixed gas of hydrogen and water vapor, a second outlet is used for discharging waste gas, the second outlet is communicated with the auxiliary tank (15), the first outlet is respectively communicated with a second proportional valve (18) and a first proportional valve (17), the first proportional valve (17) is respectively communicated with the inlet of a dryer (19), the outlet of the dryer (19) is respectively communicated with the inlet of a hydrogen circulating pump (4) with the second proportional valve (18), the water discharging outlet of the dryer (19) is communicated with the auxiliary tank (15), and the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) is communicated with the other interface of the three-way valve (11) through a third switch valve (10); the control system detects the anode outlet hydrogen concentration H and the water content S according to the required power P of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) and an anode sensor (16), controls the rotating speed n of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) and selectively controls the opening of a first switching valve (7), a second switching valve (9), a third switching valve (10), a three-way valve (11), a fourth switching valve (12) and a fifth switching valve (13) and selectively controls the opening of a first proportional valve (17) and a second proportional valve (18).
2. The hydrogen supply regulation system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a filtering membrane is arranged in the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to filter hydrogen and water vapor in the mixed gas at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), and the hydrogen and the water vapor are discharged from the first outlet.
3. The hydrogen supply regulating system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor (6), an anode sensor (16) and a humidity sensor (20), wherein the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) is provided with the pressure sensor (6) for detecting the outlet pressure of the hydrogen circulating pump (4), the first outlet is provided with the humidity sensor (20) for detecting the water content in the residual hydrogen of the first outlet, and the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is provided with the anode sensor (16) for detecting the hydrogen concentration and the water content of the anode outlet.
4. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 1, wherein when the power demand of the power cell on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is less than 0.4P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is in a low power region P1 for operation, P being the rated demand power; if the anode sensor (16) detects that the anode outlet hydrogen concentration is less than 0.2Hmax, the anode outlet hydrogen concentration is low hydrogen concentration H1, and the control system controls the first switch valve (7) to work; If the anode sensor (16) detects that the anode outlet hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to 0.2Hmax, the anode outlet hydrogen concentration is high hydrogen concentration H2, when the anode sensor (16) detects that the anode outlet water content is less than 0.4Smax, the anode outlet water content is low water content S1, the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the third switch valve (10) to work, the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switch valve (12) to enable the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to be communicated with the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3), the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work, the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18), when the anode sensor (16) detects that the anode outlet water content is greater than or equal to 0.4Smax, the anode outlet water content is high water content S2, the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the third switch valve (10) to work, the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switch valve (12) to enable the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to be communicated with the working fluid inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (3) to the first outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (17) through the second proportional valve (18) to enable the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to be communicated with the working fluid inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (17) respectively, the method is used for reducing the water content of hydrogen at the inlet of a hydrogen circulating pump (4), and Smax is the maximum water content.
5. The hydrogen supply regulation system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein when the power demand of the power cell on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is [0.4P,0.75P ], the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is operated in the middle power zone P2, The control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fifth switch valve (13) to enable the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to be communicated with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), and controls the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to work so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18); If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low hydrogen concentration H1 and the water content at the anode outlet is high water content S2, the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the third switch valve (10) to work, the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fifth switch valve (13) to enable the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to be communicated with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), the control system controls the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to work, and the control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to be connected with the first proportional valve (17) and the dryer (19) in parallel to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18) respectively so as to reduce the water content of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4).
6. The hydrogen supply regulation system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein when the power demand of the power cell on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is [0.4P,0.75P ], the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is operated in the middle power zone P2, The control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switch valve (12) to enable the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to be communicated with the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3), and controls the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to work to enable the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18); If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high hydrogen concentration H2 and the water content at the anode outlet is high water content S2, the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the third switch valve (10) to work, the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switch valve (12) to enable the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to be communicated with the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3), the control system controls the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to work, and the control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to be connected with the first proportional valve (17) and the dryer (19) in parallel to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18) respectively so as to reduce the water content of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4).
7. The hydrogen supply regulation system of claim 4, wherein when the power demand of the power cell on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is greater than 0.75P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is operated in the high power region P3, The control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fifth switch valve (13) to enable the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) to be communicated with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), and controls the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to work so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18); And if the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high H2 and the water content at the anode outlet is low S1, the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the second switch valve (9) to work, the control system controls the three-way valve (11), the third switch valve (10) and the fifth switch valve (13) to enable the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) and the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to be respectively communicated with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), and the control system controls the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to work so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18).
8. The hydrogen supply regulation system of claim 4, wherein when the power demand of the power cell on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is greater than 0.75P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is operated in the high power region P3, And if the water content of the anode outlet is high water content S2, the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the second switch valve (9) to work, controls the three-way valve (11), the third switch valve (10) and the fifth switch valve (13) to enable the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) and the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to be respectively communicated with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), controls the hydrogen circulating pump (4) to work, and controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to be respectively connected with the first proportional valve (17) and the dryer (19) in parallel to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18) so as to reduce the water content of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (4).
9. The hydrogen supply adjustment system according to claim 4, wherein the control system controls the opening of the first proportional valve (17) and the second proportional valve (18) according to the humidity C0 required by the hydrogen circulation pump (4), respectively, and sets the opening of the first proportional valve (17) as x and the opening of the second proportional valve (18) as y, so c0 = *0.2C+ * C, C is the detection value of the humidity sensor (20).

Description

Hydrogen supply regulating system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen supply regulating system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Background In recent years, new energy sources are increasingly emphasized in countries around the world due to the limitation of petroleum resources and the increasing prominence of environmental problems. Among them, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are attracting attention as a new type. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are an efficient, clean energy conversion device that reacts hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water. The hydrogen supply system is a vital component in the PEMFC system, and functions to deliver hydrogen to the fuel cell stack and control the flow and pressure of the hydrogen to meet the operating requirements of the fuel cell. The existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell also has the problems of low hydrogen utilization rate, more water accumulation at the anode outlet, low voltage of the single cell at the anode outlet and uneven voltage distribution of the single cell of the fuel cell. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a hydrogen supply regulating system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which controls different control elements according to the required power of the fuel proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the water content S of an anode outlet and the hydrogen concentration H of the anode outlet, and realizes the operation of various hydrogen supply loops so as to solve the problems of insufficient hydrogen supply and flooding of the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, lower voltage of an anode outlet monomer and uneven voltage distribution of the fuel cell monomer, thereby ensuring the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with higher efficiency, higher power and longer service life. The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means. A hydrogen supply regulating system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank, an ejector, a hydrogen circulating pump, a tail gas dehydrogenation device, a first switching valve, a pressure reducing valve, a second switching valve, a third switching valve, a three-way valve, a fourth switching valve, a fifth switching valve, a one-way valve, an auxiliary tank, a first proportional valve, a second proportional valve and a dryer; the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank is communicated with an injection fluid inlet of the injector after sequentially passing through a pressure reducing valve and a first switch valve, and the outlet of the injector is communicated with an anode inlet of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell; The anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with the inlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device, the tail gas dehydrogenation device is provided with 2 outlets, a first outlet is used for discharging residual mixed gas of hydrogen and steam, a second outlet is used for discharging waste gas, the second outlet is communicated with the auxiliary tank, the first outlet is respectively communicated with the second proportional valve and the first proportional valve, the first proportional valve is communicated with the inlet of the dryer, the outlet of the dryer is respectively communicated with the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump, the water outlet of the dryer is communicated with the auxiliary tank, and the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump is communicated with the other interface of the three-way valve through the third switch valve. Further, a filtering membrane is arranged in the tail gas dehydrogenation device, so that hydrogen and water vapor in the mixed gas at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are filtered, and the hydrogen and the water vapor are discharged from the first outlet. The hydrogen circulating pump outlet is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the hydrogen circulating pump outlet, the first outlet is provided with a humidity sensor for detecting the water content in residual hydrogen at the first outlet, and the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an anode sensor for detecting the concentration of hydrogen at the anode outlet and the water content; The control system controls the rotation speed n of the hydrogen circulating pump and selectively controls the opening and closing of the first switch valve, the second switch valve, the third switch valve, the three-way valve, the fourth switch valve and the fifth switch valve and selectively controls the opening of the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve according to the required power P of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the anode sensor for det