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CN-116565157-B - Water system secondary ion battery

CN116565157BCN 116565157 BCN116565157 BCN 116565157BCN-116565157-B

Abstract

The invention provides a water-based secondary ion battery. The water-based secondary ion battery comprises a positive electrode material, wherein the positive electrode material at least comprises a positive electrode active material and a carrier, the positive electrode active material comprises a first active material and a carrier, the first active material is selected from alkali metal halogen salt or alkali metal sulfite, alkaline earth metal halogen salt or alkaline earth metal sulfite, aluminum halide or aluminum sulfite, or zinc halide or zinc sulfite, the carrier has a low-dimensional structure, and the carrier is selected from a template and/or a second active material. The first active material of the positive electrode material has lower molecular weight and higher oxidation-reduction potential, so the water-based secondary ion battery has higher specific capacity and voltage. Meanwhile, the secondary ion battery provided by the invention adopts the water-based electrolyte, so that the safety is high, and the application prospect is wide.

Inventors

  • XUE MIANQI
  • MA HUI
  • WANG XUSHENG

Assignees

  • 中国科学院理化技术研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20220129

Claims (20)

  1. 1. The water-based secondary ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive electrode material, wherein the positive electrode material at least comprises the following components: A positive electrode active material including a first active material and a carrier, the first active material having a low-dimensional structure or having a micro-nano grain structure; The first active material is selected from alkali metal halogen salts or alkali metal sulfites, alkaline earth metal halogen salts or alkaline earth metal sulfites, aluminum halides or aluminum sulfites, or zinc halides or zinc sulfites; The carrier has a low-dimensional structure, and the carrier is selected from a template and/or a second active substance.
  2. 2. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the first active material is uniformly distributed on the support or in a low-dimensional structure of the support in the positive electrode material; the low-dimensional structure comprises at least one of a zero-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure, a three-dimensional structure and a multi-stage structure; The low-dimensional structure comprises a crystal structure or an amorphous structure; the template has at least one of a zero-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure, a three-dimensional structure and a multi-stage structure; The second active material has a zero-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure, a three-dimensional structure and a multi-stage structure; The positive electrode material is at least partially in a low-dimensional structure; at least part of halogen salt or sulfite in the positive electrode material is in a low-dimensional structure.
  3. 3. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 1 wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of templates, and optionally a second active material; The second active substance is selected from at least one of manganese oxide, prussian blue sodium, polyanion compound, conductive polymer and organic material; The second active material has nanoparticles that also constitute microspheres.
  4. 4. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal halogen salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, and potassium iodide; The alkali metal sulfite is at least one selected from lithium sulfite, sodium sulfite and potassium sulfite; the alkaline earth metal halogen salt is at least one selected from magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, calcium chloride, calcium bromide and calcium iodide; The alkaline earth metal sulfite is selected from magnesium sulfite and/or calcium sulfite; The halide of aluminum is at least one selected from aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide and aluminum iodide; the sulfite of aluminum is selected from aluminum sulfite; the halide of zinc is at least one selected from zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide and zinc sulfite; the sulfite of zinc is selected from zinc sulfite.
  5. 5. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the first active material in the positive electrode material accounts for 1 to 99% of the total mass of the positive electrode material; in the positive electrode material, the carrier accounts for 0-99% of the total mass of the positive electrode material.
  6. 6. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the first active material in the positive electrode material is 5 to 90% of the total mass of the positive electrode material; the carrier accounts for 0.1-99% of the total mass of the positive electrode material.
  7. 7. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the template to the second active material in the carrier is 0.1-1:0-10.
  8. 8. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the positive electrode material, the first active material has a low-dimensional structure when the first active material is distributed in the low-dimensional structure; when the first active material is distributed on the carrier, the first active material forms micro-nano grains; The grain diameter of the micro-nano grains is in the range of 0.1-5 mu m; in the positive electrode material, the content of the low-dimensional structure in the first active material is higher than the content of the micro-nano crystal grains.
  9. 9. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 8, wherein the micro-nano crystal grains have a particle size ranging from 0.5 to 5 μm.
  10. 10. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode material is carbonized and eluted to obtain a positive electrode material including almost no template.
  11. 11. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 1 wherein the positive electrode material comprises a first active material and a carrier, the carrier comprising a second active material, the first active material being combined with the second active material positive electrode material to form the positive electrode material.
  12. 12. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 11 wherein the first active material fills the pores of the nanoparticles or microspheres of the second active material and is composited to form the positive electrode material.
  13. 13. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 1 further comprising a negative electrode material, wherein the negative electrode material is selected from carbon-based negative electrode materials; The carbon-based negative electrode material is at least one of active carbon, graphite, hard carbon and soft carbon; the carbon-based negative electrode material further comprises a metal element, wherein the metal element is at least one of magnesium, aluminum and zinc.
  14. 14. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 1, wherein, the aqueous secondary ion battery further includes an electrolyte or gel electrolyte.
  15. 15. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 14 wherein the electrolyte is selected from aqueous electrolytes; the aqueous electrolyte includes an electrolyte and an aqueous solvent; in the aqueous electrolyte, the electrolyte is at least one selected from lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, magnesium salt, calcium salt, aluminum salt and zinc salt.
  16. 16. The aqueous secondary ion battery according to claim 15, wherein the lithium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium sulfate, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium perchlorate, lithium chloride, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium triflate, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) imide, and lithium bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide; The sodium salt is at least one selected from sodium perchlorate, sodium acetate, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium imine bis (fluorosulfonate), sodium triflate, sodium imine bis (trifluoromethane sulfonate) and sodium imine bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl); the potassium salt is at least one selected from potassium nitrate, potassium acetate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium difluorosulfonate imine, potassium trifluoromethane sulfonate, potassium bis (trifluoromethane sulfonate) imine and potassium bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imine; the zinc salt is at least one of zinc triflate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc triflate and zinc bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide; The magnesium salt is at least one selected from magnesium triflate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.
  17. 17. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 15 wherein the concentration of electrolyte in the aqueous electrolyte is greater than 1-100 mol/L.
  18. 18. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 15 wherein the concentration of electrolyte in the aqueous electrolyte is from 5 to 70 mol/L.
  19. 19. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 15 wherein the gel electrolyte comprises a first polymer host material and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is selected from the aqueous electrolytes; The first polymer host material is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyether ether ketone, ethylene glycol acrylonitrile block copolymer, and poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene).
  20. 20. The aqueous secondary ion battery of claim 15 wherein the aqueous electrolyte is a K (FSI) 0.55 (OTf) 0.45 ·0.9H 2 O aqueous electrolyte.

Description

Water system secondary ion battery Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a water system secondary ion battery. Background The development of the existing lithium ion batteries meets the requirements of energy storage from 3C electronic products, power tools and automobiles to the power grid level. Lithium ion battery systems based on lithium iron phosphate, ternary, lithium cobalt oxide and lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode materials meet most of the application scenes in the past. However, in the foreseeable future, the abundance of elemental lithium and the cost of existing electrode materials will greatly limit the development of lithium ion batteries. There is therefore a need to develop high performance, low cost electrode materials to meet the increasing energy demands. Although lithium/sodium ion batteries are widely regarded as an ideal energy storage technology in the future, large-scale application is still greatly limited due to low safety, for example, currently commercialized battery systems mainly use organic electrolyte, so that significant potential safety hazards such as combustion, explosion and the like exist when the batteries fail. Compared with the prior art, the water system metal ion battery of the water system battery has the advantages of high safety, high rate performance, low cost, environmental friendliness and the like, and has important application prospects in the future large-scale energy storage field and the portable equipment field. However, the conventional water-based positive electrode material has low energy density, poor cycle stability and the like, and cannot meet the requirement of industrialization. Therefore, there is a need to develop a positive electrode material system for an aqueous battery. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the present invention provides a water-based secondary ion battery. The secondary ion battery of the invention constructs a secondary ion battery system capable of stably charging and discharging by adding the positive electrode material containing halogen salt or sulfite with a low-dimensional structure, and the secondary ion battery of the invention has long-term stable charging and discharging performance. The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme: a water-based secondary ion battery comprises a positive electrode material, wherein the positive electrode material at least comprises a positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material comprises a first active material and a carrier, The first active material is selected from alkali metal halogen salts or alkali metal sulfites, alkaline earth metal halogen salts or alkaline earth metal sulfites, aluminum halides or aluminum sulfites, or zinc halides or zinc sulfites; and a carrier having a low dimensional structure, the carrier being selected from the group consisting of a template and/or a second active substance. According to the present invention, in the positive electrode material, the first active material may be uniformly distributed on the support or in a low-dimensional structure of the support. According to the invention, the low-dimensional structure comprises at least one of a zero-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure, a three-dimensional structure and a multi-stage structure. According to the present invention, the low-dimensional structure may include a crystalline structure or an amorphous structure. In the present invention, the low dimensional structure means that the size of the smallest structural unit thereof is not more than 1 μm in at least one dimension, for example, 1nm to 100nm. According to the invention, the template has a zero-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure, a three-dimensional structure or a multi-stage structure. The multi-level structure in the invention means that the structure comprises one of a zero-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure and a three-dimensional structure. According to the present invention, the second active material has a zero-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure, a three-dimensional structure, or a multi-stage structure. Illustratively, the zero-dimensional structural templates are selected from at least one of, for example, including but not limited to, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and the like. Illustratively, the one-dimensional structural templates are selected from at least one of, for example, nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, and the like, including but not limited to. Illustratively, the two-dimensional structural templates are, for example, at least one nanoplatelet selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, graphene, carbonitride, mxene, tiO 2 nanoplatelets, and the like. Illustratively, the three-dimensio