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CN-116592347-B - Fuel cell anode tail gas burner and control method thereof

CN116592347BCN 116592347 BCN116592347 BCN 116592347BCN-116592347-B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell systems, and discloses a fuel cell anode tail gas burner and a control method thereof, wherein a first air inlet and a natural gas inlet of a natural gas premix are communicated with a natural gas premix chamber, the first burner is provided with an anode tail gas combustion chamber, a natural gas combustion chamber and a first gas outlet which are communicated, the natural gas premix chamber is communicated with the natural gas combustion chamber, the anode tail gas leading-in part and the air leading-in part are communicated with the anode tail gas combustion cavity, the catalytic premixing body is provided with a catalytic premixing cavity, a second air inlet and a second gas outlet, the second air inlet, the second gas outlet and the first gas outlet are communicated with the catalytic premixing cavity, the second combustion body is provided with a containing cavity, a third air inlet and a third gas outlet, a catalytic carrier is contained in the containing cavity, and the third air inlet, the third gas outlet and the second gas outlet are communicated with the containing cavity. A wide range of regulation and complete combustion of the fuel can be achieved.

Inventors

  • YANG BAOGANG
  • SHEN XUESONG
  • LI YUNGANG

Assignees

  • 山东国创燃料电池技术创新中心有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20230524

Claims (16)

  1. 1. A fuel cell anode tail gas burner comprising: The natural gas premix is provided with a first air inlet (14), a natural gas inlet (15) and a natural gas premix cavity (17), wherein the first air inlet (14) and the natural gas inlet (15) are communicated with the natural gas premix cavity (17); The device comprises an air introduction piece and an anode tail gas introduction piece (2), wherein the anode tail gas introduction piece (2) is fixedly arranged on the air introduction piece in a penetrating manner, the air introduction piece is fixedly arranged on the natural gas premix in a penetrating manner, and the anode tail gas introduction piece (2) is provided with an anode tail gas inlet (21); The first combustion body is provided with an anode tail gas combustion cavity (44), a natural gas combustion cavity (45) and a first gas outlet which are communicated, the natural gas premixing cavity (17) is communicated with the natural gas combustion cavity (45), and the anode tail gas introduction piece (2) and the air introduction piece are both communicated with the anode tail gas combustion cavity (44); The catalytic premix (5) is provided with a catalytic premix cavity, a second air inlet (51) and a second gas outlet, and the second air inlet (51), the second gas outlet and the first gas outlet are communicated with the catalytic premix cavity; A second combustion body (6), wherein the second combustion body (6) is provided with a containing cavity, a third air inlet (63) and a third gas outlet, a catalytic carrier (61) is contained in the containing cavity, and the third air inlet (63), the third gas outlet and the second gas outlet are communicated with the containing cavity; and the first air inlet (14), the air guide-in piece, the second air inlet (51) and the third air inlet (63) are communicated with the air input pipe.
  2. 2. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to claim 1, wherein the natural gas premix comprises a premix outer shell (11), a premix middle shell (12) and a premix inner shell (13), wherein the premix middle shell (12) is arranged in the premix outer shell (11) in a penetrating manner, the premix inner shell (13) is arranged in the premix middle shell (12) in a penetrating manner, the premix outer shell (11) is provided with the natural gas inlet (15), a natural gas distribution cavity (16) is formed between the premix outer shell (11) and the premix middle shell (12), the natural gas premix cavity (17) and the first air inlet (14) are formed between the premix middle shell (12) and the premix inner shell (13), and two ends of the communication hole (18) are respectively communicated with the natural gas distribution cavity (16) and the natural gas premix cavity (17).
  3. 3. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to claim 2, wherein the air introducing member comprises a first connecting portion (31), a second connecting portion (32) and a plurality of first air swirl plates (33), the first connecting portion (31) is fixedly sleeved on the anode tail gas introducing member (2), the second connecting portion (32) is fixedly arranged on the premix inner shell (13) in a penetrating manner, one end of the first air swirl plates (33) is fixedly connected with the first connecting portion (31), the other end of the first air swirl plates (33) is fixedly connected with the second connecting portion (32), a plurality of first air swirl plates (33) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the first connecting portion (31), a plurality of fourth air inlet openings (34) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the first connecting portion, and two ends of the fourth air inlet openings (34) are respectively communicated with the air inlet pipe and the anode tail gas combustion cavity (44).
  4. 4. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to claim 2, wherein the first combustion body comprises a combustion body outer shell (41) and a combustion body inner shell (42), the combustion body outer shell (41) is fixedly connected with the pre-mixing body outer shell (11), a mixed gas distribution cavity (43) is formed between the combustion body outer shell (41) and the combustion body inner shell (42), the mixed gas distribution cavity (43) is communicated with the natural gas pre-mixing cavity (17), the combustion body inner shell (42) is provided with a mixed gas spraying hole (46), an anode tail gas combustion cavity (44) and a natural gas combustion cavity (45), and two ends of the mixed gas spraying hole (46) are respectively communicated with the mixed gas distribution cavity (43) and the natural gas combustion cavity (45).
  5. 5. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of second air swirl plates (19) are arranged between the first air inlet (14) and the natural gas premixing cavity (17) at intervals, or a plurality of second air swirl plates (19) are arranged between the natural gas premixing cavity (17) and the mixed gas distribution cavity (43) at intervals.
  6. 6. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to claim 4, wherein the burner housing inner shell (42) is provided with flow equalization plates, which flow equalization plates are located in the mixture distribution chamber (43).
  7. 7. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner of any of claims 1-6, wherein the inner wall of the natural gas combustion chamber (45) is provided with a metal fiber mesh.
  8. 8. The fuel cell anode exhaust burner according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the anode exhaust introduction member (2) protrudes into the anode exhaust combustion chamber (44), the anode exhaust introduction member (2) being further provided with an anode exhaust injection hole (22), the anode exhaust injection hole (22) being in communication with the anode exhaust combustion chamber (44).
  9. 9. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to any of claims 1-6, further comprising a burner housing (7), wherein the natural gas premix, the first burner, the catalytic premix (5) and the second burner (6) are connected in sequence and are all located within the burner housing (7), wherein an air distribution chamber (71) is formed between the burner housing (7) and the natural gas premix, the first burner, the catalytic premix (5) and the second burner (6), wherein a fifth air inlet (72) is formed between the burner housing (7) and the natural gas premix, wherein the second air inlet (51), the third air inlet (63) and the fifth air inlet (72) are all in communication with the air distribution chamber (71), and wherein the fifth air inlet (72) is in communication with the air inlet pipe.
  10. 10. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the inner wall of the anode tail gas combustion chamber (44) is fixedly provided with a first heat insulating refractory layer (8).
  11. 11. The fuel cell anode tail gas burner according to any of claims 1-6, wherein a second heat insulating refractory layer (62) is provided between the inner wall of the receiving cavity and the catalytic carrier (61).
  12. 12. A method of controlling a fuel cell anode tailgas burner according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising: s1, introducing air into a fuel cell anode tail gas burner; S2, introducing natural gas into a fuel cell anode tail gas burner, and igniting a natural gas combustion cavity (45); S3, performing flame detection on the natural gas combustion chamber (45) to judge whether the natural gas combustion chamber (45) generates flame or not; If yes, S4 is carried out; S4, adjusting the natural gas flow according to the gas temperature at the third outlet and the set burner outlet temperature; s5, detecting the air temperature in the air input pipe; s6, judging whether the air temperature in the air input pipe is higher than the air temperature at the inlet of the set burner; if yes, S7 is carried out; S7, introducing anode tail gas into a fuel cell anode tail gas burner; S8, detecting flame of the anode tail gas combustion chamber (44) in real time, and judging whether the anode tail gas combustion chamber (44) generates flame or not; If yes, flame combustion is carried out, and S10 is carried out; If not, S9 is carried out; S9, judging whether the fuel cell anode tail gas burner performs stable catalytic combustion or not according to the gas temperature decay rate at the third outlet and the temperature of the catalytic carrier (61); if yes, S10 is carried out; If not, the fuel cell anode tail gas burner is flameout; And S10, adjusting the natural gas flow according to the gas temperature at the third outlet and the set burner outlet temperature.
  13. 13. The method of controlling a fuel cell anode tailgas burner according to claim 12, wherein determining whether the fuel cell anode tailgas burner is performing stable catalytic combustion based on the rate of decay of the gas temperature at the third outlet and the temperature of the catalytic carrier (61) comprises: judging whether the gas temperature decay rate at the third outlet is greater than the set temperature decay rate; if yes, S91 is carried out; If not, the fuel cell anode tail gas burner performs stable catalytic combustion; S91, judging whether the temperature of the catalytic carrier (61) rises within a set time; If yes, the fuel cell anode tail gas burner performs stable catalytic combustion; If not, the fuel cell anode tail gas burner does not perform stable catalytic combustion.
  14. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein in S3, if the natural gas combustion chamber (45) does not generate flame, then S31 is performed; S31, stopping natural gas supply to the fuel cell anode tail gas burner, and supplying air to the fuel cell anode tail gas burner to purge a natural gas combustion cavity (45); S32, judging whether the ignition frequency of the natural gas combustion chamber (45) is greater than a set frequency; If yes, the fuel cell anode tail gas burner is flameout; If not, returning to S2.
  15. 15. The method of controlling a fuel cell anode tailgas burner according to claim 12, wherein adjusting the natural gas flow according to the gas temperature at the third outlet and the set burner outlet temperature comprises: Judging whether the gas temperature at the third outlet is higher than the set burner outlet temperature; If yes, reducing the natural gas flow; If not, the natural gas flow is increased.
  16. 16. The method of controlling a fuel cell anode tailgas burner as defined in claim 12, further comprising igniting an anode tailgas combustion chamber (44) between S7 and S8.

Description

Fuel cell anode tail gas burner and control method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a fuel cell anode tail gas burner and a control method thereof. Background The fuel cell anode tail gas burner is a source of heat in a fuel cell system, and has the characteristics of high heat flow and wide fuel range so as to realize quick start of the fuel cell system and treatment of combustible substances with variable components. Fuel cell systems require preheating of air during start-up, and prior art systems typically provide heat for air preheating by means of an electric heater or burner. However, the high-power electric heater has high requirements on the circuit and insufficient high-temperature heating capacity. When the burner is used to supply heat, the temperature of the air entering the burner is increased due to the operation of the fuel cell system, the fuel supplied to the burner is reduced, and the burner can only be used for diffusion combustion, porous medium combustion or the like to maintain stable flame. The conventional diffusion flame burner has long flame length and large equipment size, is unfavorable for an integrated system, and is limited by a porous medium material processing technology, so that the porous medium burner is difficult to apply on a large scale. If the catalytic burner is adopted, the catalytic burner needs to reach a certain initial temperature to start combustion, and under the starting working condition of the fuel cell system, the initial heat cannot be supplied by the catalytic burner. Therefore, the existing burner cannot adapt to the starting working condition of a fuel cell system, adapts to the variable component working condition that the fuel utilization rate of the fuel cell is improved to reduce the combustible component of the anode tail gas, cannot avoid flameout phenomenon caused by unstable combustion, not only wastes energy sources, but also increases the risk of equipment and pollutant emission. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a fuel cell anode tail gas burner and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the existing burner cannot be suitable for the starting working condition of a fuel cell, is suitable for the variable component working condition of reducing the combustible component of the anode tail gas along with the improvement of the fuel utilization rate of the fuel cell, and cannot realize wide-range adjustment and stable combustion. To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a fuel cell anode tail gas burner comprising: The natural gas premix is provided with a first air inlet, a natural gas inlet and a natural gas premix cavity, and the first air inlet and the natural gas inlet are communicated with the natural gas premix cavity; the anode tail gas guide piece is fixedly arranged on the natural gas premix in a penetrating manner, and is provided with an anode tail gas inlet; the first combustion body is provided with an anode tail gas combustion cavity, a natural gas combustion cavity and a first gas outlet which are communicated, the natural gas premixing cavity is communicated with the natural gas combustion cavity, and the anode tail gas introduction piece and the air introduction piece are both communicated with the anode tail gas combustion cavity; The catalytic premix is provided with a catalytic premix cavity, a second air inlet and a second gas outlet, and the second air inlet, the second gas outlet and the first gas outlet are communicated with the catalytic premix cavity; The second combustion body is provided with a containing cavity, a third air inlet and a third gas outlet, a catalytic carrier is contained in the containing cavity, and the third air inlet, the third gas outlet and the second gas outlet are communicated with the containing cavity; And the first air inlet, the air guide-in piece, the second air inlet and the third air inlet are communicated with the air input pipe. As a preferred scheme of the fuel cell anode tail gas burner, the natural gas premix comprises a premix outer shell, a premix middle shell and a premix inner shell, wherein the premix middle shell is arranged in the premix outer shell in a penetrating mode, the premix inner shell is arranged in the premix middle shell in a penetrating mode, the premix outer shell is provided with a natural gas inlet, a natural gas distribution cavity is formed between the premix outer shell and the premix middle shell, a natural gas premix cavity and a first air inlet are formed between the premix middle shell and the premix inner shell, communication holes are formed in the premix middle shell, and two ends of each communication hole are respectively communicated with the natural gas distribution cavity and the natural gas premix cavity. As a preferred scheme of the fuel cell anode tail gas burner, the air guiding p