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CN-116623175-B - Laser cladding device and method

CN116623175BCN 116623175 BCN116623175 BCN 116623175BCN-116623175-B

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser cladding device and a laser cladding method. The laser cladding device comprises a laser emitter, a cladding spray head system, a powder conveying system and a lens light path system. The laser transmitter is a CO 2 laser transmitter, the laser type is Gaussian beams, the cladding spray head system comprises a cooling water circulation pipeline, a focusing reflector, a spray head main body, a protection mirror and a spray head, the powder conveying system is in a double-fork shape and comprises two powder conveying pipe inlets and one powder conveying pipe outlet, powder conveying adopts a gas carrying mode, and the lens light path system comprises a support, a collimating mirror, a triangular conversion mirror, a flat-top beam shaping mirror, a round light spot shaping mirror and a rectangular light spot shaping mirror. The invention realizes the conversion of the beam type and the spot shape through the triangular conversion mirror and the shaping mirror, thereby adapting to different workpieces, improving the working efficiency, reducing the temperature of the focusing reflecting mirror through the cooling water circulation pipeline in the cladding nozzle system and improving the service life of the device.

Inventors

  • ZENG DEZHI
  • LUO JIANCHENG
  • ZHENG CHUNYAN
  • CHEN XUEKE
  • WANG QINYING
  • WANG XI
  • YU ZHIMING
  • Yu Chengxiu
  • DONG LIJIN

Assignees

  • 西南石油大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20230531

Claims (9)

  1. 1. A laser cladding device is characterized by comprising a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder conveying system (3), a lens light path system (4) and a cooling system (5), wherein the cladding nozzle system (2) comprises a nozzle main body (201), a cover plate (202), a first sealing ring (203), a focusing reflecting mirror (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a gasket (208), an inner hexagonal nut (209) and a cooling water circulation pipeline (210), the powder conveying system (3) comprises a powder conveying pipe (301), a powder conveying inlet (302), a powder conveying outlet (303) and a fixed groove (304), the lens light path system (4) comprises a cavity (401), a shaping lens barrel (402), a groove (403), a rectangular shaping lens (404), a beam shaping lens (405), a circular shaping lens (406), a triangular conversion lens (407), a large gasket (408), a small gasket (409), a second sealing ring (410), a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a bearing C (413), a wheel disk (414), an inner hexagonal stud (416) and a connecting lens barrel (416), a circular shaping mirror (406) is arranged in one light path channel, a flat-top beam shaping mirror (405) and a rectangular shaping mirror (404) are arranged in the other light path channel, a triangular conversion mirror (407) is rotatably arranged in a cavity (401), laser beams can be alternatively guided to the two light path channels through rotating the triangular conversion mirror (407) so as to realize switching between circular light spots and rectangular light spots, the cooling system (5) comprises a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502), and the short water pipe (501) is communicated with a cooling water circulation pipeline (210).
  2. 2. The laser cladding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter (1) is a CO 2 laser transmitter, the emitted laser is a gaussian beam, the wavelength is 10.6 μm, and the effective power is between 20kW and 50 kW.
  3. 3. The laser cladding device of claim 1, wherein the upper half part of the nozzle body (201) is of a cavity structure, the lower half part is provided with a protective lens barrel hole (2012) along the normal direction of a lower wall surface, the inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012) is provided with a screw thread, the left outer wall surface is provided with a cooling water circulation pipeline (210) and a sealing ring groove (211), the left inner wall surface is provided with a lens groove (2011), the right side wall surface is provided with a connecting barrel hole A (2013) along the normal direction, 2 screw holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the connecting barrel hole A (2013), a focusing reflector (204) is adhered in the lens groove (2011) through high-temperature-resistant adhesive, the cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the left outer wall surface of the nozzle body, and a first sealing ring (203) is clamped in the sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall surface.
  4. 4. The laser cladding device according to claim 1, wherein the powder conveying pipe (301) in the powder conveying system (3) is in a double-fork shape, the pipe orifice at the upper end of the powder conveying pipe (301) is provided with two powder conveying inlets (302), the pipe orifice at the tail end of the powder conveying pipe (301) is provided with a powder conveying outlet (303), and cylindrical open-shaped fixing grooves (304) are arranged at the central symmetry position of the powder conveying pipe (301) and are used for positioning and mounting the powder conveying pipe (301).
  5. 5. The laser cladding device of claim 1, wherein the lens optical path system (4) is of a symmetrical structure, rectangular shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line on the front and rear sides, shaping lens barrels (402) are arranged on the front and rear side wall surfaces of the cavity (401) through inner hexagonal studs (415), round shaping lens barrel parts are arranged on the same line on the left and right sides, shaping lens barrels (402) are arranged on the left and right side wall surfaces of the cavity (401) through inner hexagonal studs (415), the cavity (401) is of a cuboid cavity structure, the upper surface of the cavity (401) is of a circular ring cylindrical connecting lens barrel (416), the connecting lens barrel parts are connected with a laser emitter (1) through grooves (403) on the upper surface of the connecting lens barrel (416) and threads on the inner wall, step-shaped connecting lens barrel holes B (4011) are uniformly distributed on the four sides on the front and rear sides of the cavity (401), 4 countersunk threaded holes (4012) are respectively arranged on the left and rear side edges and the right front edges of the cavity (401), the cavity (401) is provided with sector grooves (4014), the circular ring-shaped grooves (4014) are connected with a circular ring (301) through glue, the circular ring (4021) is arranged on the circular ring (4022), the plastic barrel comprises a plastic barrel (402), a left end face step ring A (4021) and a right side face connecting barrel hole A (2013) of a spray head main body (201), a third sealing ring (417) and a small gasket (409), a flat-top beam shaping mirror (405) and a large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the plastic barrel (402) left end face inner wall step groove and the cavity side face connecting barrel hole B (4011), the plastic barrel is matched and connected with the cavity side face connecting barrel hole B (4011) through an inner hexagonal stud (415) and a countersunk threaded hole (4012) in a locking fit mode, a rectangular plastic mirror (404) is adhered to the plastic barrel (402) left end face inner wall step groove through high-temperature-resistant adhesive, and the small gasket (409), the flat-top beam shaping mirror (405) and the large gasket (408) are sequentially arranged between the plastic barrel (402) right end face inner wall step groove and the cavity side face connecting barrel hole B (4011).
  6. 6. The laser cladding device according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the chamber (401) is provided with a circular short column (4013) which is provided with a 90-degree fan-shaped groove (40131), the lower end of the triangular conversion mirror (407) is provided with a convex block (4071), the triangular conversion mirror (407) is arranged in the circular short column (4013), the convex block (4071) is just positioned in the 90-degree fan-shaped groove (40131), the triangular conversion mirror (407) can rotate within the range of 0-90 degrees, a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a wheel disc (414) and a bearing C (413) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the bearing C (413) is arranged in a fixed groove (304) of the powder conveying system.
  7. 7. The laser cladding device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling system (5) comprises 8 short water pipes (501) and 3 long water pipes (502), one end of each short water pipe (501) is connected with the cooling water circulation pipeline (210) in a matching way, and the other end of each short water pipe is connected with the long water pipe (502).
  8. 8. A laser cladding method, based on the laser cladding device of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: The method comprises the steps of 1, workpiece surface treatment, cleaning of the surface of a workpiece to be processed, simple treatment of a rough surface by sand paper after cleaning and blow-drying, and preheating of the workpiece for a period of time; step 2, adjusting an inspection device, determining the shape of the used laser according to the shape, the material and the processing requirement of a workpiece to be processed, rotating a wheel disc so as to adjust the angle of a triangular conversion mirror to 0 degree or 90 degrees, inspecting the installation precision of a round shaping mirror, a rectangular shaping mirror, a flat-top beam shaping mirror and a focusing reflecting mirror, switching on a water inlet and a water outlet of a cooling system, observing whether a pipeline is normal, switching on an inlet of a powder conveying system, observing whether the outlet is normal or not, inspecting sealing rings at all parts, and ensuring that the device is well sealed; Step 3, setting process parameters according to the shape, materials and processing requirements of the workpiece to be processed, wherein the process parameters comprise laser power, scanning speed, lap joint rate and spot diameter, clamping the workpiece to be processed, and setting a cladding track of the device; and 4, cladding the opening device, after finishing checking and setting, carrying out cladding according to a preset track by the opening device, monitoring a surface molten pool and a cladding layer in real time, and adjusting technological parameters according to requirements.
  9. 9. A laser cladding method according to claim 8, wherein the properties of the alloy powder used for cladding are as follows: Carbon content 50-60ppm; oxygen content of 100-120ppm; Average particle diameter of 40.0-45.0 μm; The sphericity is more than or equal to 95 percent; Fluidity of 30-35s/50g; Bulk density 4.30-4.50g/cm 3 .

Description

Laser cladding device and method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a laser cladding device and method. Background The laser cladding technology is a technology for enhancing the surface performance of a substrate by combining metal powder or wire materials on the substrate to form a metal surface coating after melting the metal powder or wire materials by high-energy laser, and the technology can improve the wear resistance and hardness of the substrate, so that the service life of the substrate is prolonged. The shape of the laser beam generally includes rectangular and circular. Rectangular spots are generally better choices when highly directional and control is required for processing, and circular spots are generally better choices when more uniform heating is required for processing. The current laser cladding device can only emit laser with one shape, and meanwhile, the laser beam energy is strong, so that the device is heated seriously when the laser beam path is converted, and the service life of the device is influenced. Therefore, the current laser cladding device has the problems of using the field Jing Shouxian, being incapable of coping with the processing of different workpieces, being incapable of flexibly adjusting the laser shape and having serious heat generation. Accordingly, a laser cladding apparatus and a cladding method based on the apparatus are proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems that the existing laser cladding device uses a field Jing Shouxian, can not deal with the processing of different workpieces, can not flexibly adjust the laser shape and has serious heating, the invention provides a laser cladding device and a cladding method based on the device. The technical scheme includes that the laser cladding device comprises a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder conveying system (3), a lens light path system (4) and a cooling system (5), wherein the cladding nozzle system (2) comprises a nozzle main body (201), a cover plate (202), a first sealing ring (203), a focusing reflecting mirror (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a gasket (208), an inner hexagonal nut (209) and a cooling water circulation pipeline (210), the powder conveying system (3) comprises a powder conveying pipe (301), a powder conveying inlet (302), a powder conveying outlet (303) and a fixing groove (304), and the lens light path system (4) comprises a cavity (401), a shaping lens barrel (402), a groove (403), a rectangular shaping lens (404), a flat-top shaping lens (405), a circular shaping lens (406), a triangular conversion lens (407), a large gasket (408), a small gasket (409), a second sealing ring (410), a bearing A (411), a bearing B (412), a bearing C (413) and a bearing (414) The lens optical path system (4) is provided with two optical path channels, a round shaping mirror (406) is arranged in one optical path channel, a flat-top beam shaping mirror (405) and a rectangular shaping mirror (404) are arranged in the other optical path channel, a triangular conversion mirror (407) is rotatably arranged in a cavity (401), laser beams can be alternatively guided to the two optical path channels through rotating the triangular conversion mirror (407) so as to realize switching between round light spots and rectangular light spots, and the cooling system (5) comprises a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502), wherein the short water pipe (501) is communicated with a cooling water circulation pipeline (210). Further, the laser emitter (1) is a CO 2 laser emitter, the emitted laser is Gaussian beam, and the wavelength is 10.6 mu mThe effective power is between 20kW and 50 kW. Further, the upper half part of the spray head main body (201) is of a cavity structure, a protective lens barrel hole (2012) is formed in the lower half part of the spray head main body along the normal direction of the lower wall surface, a thread line is arranged on the inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012), a cooling water circulation pipeline (210) and a sealing ring groove (211) are formed in the outer wall surface on the left side, a lens groove (2011) is formed in the inner wall surface on the left side, a connecting cylinder hole A (2013) is formed in the right side wall surface along the normal direction, 2 threaded holes are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the connecting cylinder hole A (2013), a focusing reflector (204) is adhered in the lens groove (2011) through high-temperature-resistant adhesive, the cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the outer wall surface on the left side of the spray head main body, and a first sealing ring (203) is tightly clamped in the sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall surface. Further, a powder conveying pipe (301) in the