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CN-116657064-B - Multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material and preparation method thereof

CN116657064BCN 116657064 BCN116657064 BCN 116657064BCN-116657064-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite material comprises 5-20% and 80-95% of tungsten fibers and tungsten powder by mass, the tungsten fibers comprise tungsten fibers with various lengths, the tungsten fibers with different lengths are normally distributed by mass, and the tungsten powder comprises tungsten powder with the mass ratio of 1:2:4 and the particle size of 0.5 mu m, tungsten powder with the particle size of 2 mu m and tungsten powder with the particle size of 10 mu m. Compared with the common short tungsten fiber toughened tungsten composite material, the tungsten fiber toughened tungsten composite material with normal fiber length can better bear pressure and bridge crack expansion, fully utilizes the toughening effect of the tungsten fiber, plays a role in strengthening, has better strength and toughness, does not need to carry out braiding treatment on the tungsten fiber compared with the common long tungsten fiber toughened tungsten composite material, and has simpler and more convenient preparation process and low production cost.

Inventors

  • CHEN CHANG
  • HAN XIAO
  • Li Kuanlu
  • WANG SHAN
  • LUO LAIMA
  • WU YUCHENG

Assignees

  • 合肥工业大学智能制造技术研究院

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20230717

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material is characterized by comprising 5-20% of tungsten fiber and 80-95% of tungsten powder by mass, wherein the tungsten fiber comprises tungsten fibers with various lengths, the tungsten fibers with different lengths are normally distributed by mass, the tungsten powder comprises tungsten powder with the particle size of 0.5 mu m, tungsten powder with the particle size of 2 mu m and tungsten powder with the particle size of 10 mu m, and the mass ratio of the tungsten powder with the particle size of 0.5 mu m to the tungsten powder with the particle size of 2 mu m to the tungsten powder with the particle size of 10 mu m is 1:2:4; The tungsten fibers have a length distribution of 6-26 mm, wherein the tungsten fibers have a 6mm length of 5%, a 11mm length of 20%, a 16mm length of 50%, a 21mm length of 20%, and a 26mm length of 5%, or the tungsten fibers have a 7-43 mm length of 7-8%, a 16mm length of 25%, a 25mm length of 34%, a 34mm length of 25%, and a 43mm length of 8%.
  2. 2. The multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten fiber is a drawn scheelite with a diameter of 50-200 μm.
  3. 3. The multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced toughened tungsten-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten fiber and tungsten powder are mechanically mixed by a three-dimensional powder mixer during the preparation of the composite material.
  4. 4. The multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced toughened tungsten-based composite material of claim 1 wherein when the composite material is cylindrical, the length distribution of the tungsten fibers is between the height and diameter lengths of the cylinder, and when the composite material is a polyhedron, the length distribution of the tungsten fibers is between the shortest side length and the longest side length of the polyhedron.
  5. 5. The multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composite material is a cylindrical composite material with a diameter of 30mm and a height of 3mm, the mass ratio of the tungsten fiber is 5%, the mass ratio of tungsten powder is 95%, and the diameter of the tungsten fiber is 150 μm.
  6. 6. The multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composite material is a cylindrical composite material with a diameter of 50mm and a height of 3mm, the diameter of the tungsten fiber is 100 μm, the mass ratio of the tungsten fiber is 10%, and the mass ratio of the tungsten powder is 90%.
  7. 7. A method of preparing the multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced toughened tungsten-based composite material of any of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of: s1, powder mixing, namely putting tungsten fibers and tungsten powder into a three-dimensional powder mixer for mixing; S2, die filling, namely putting the mixed powder into a die to form a body to be sintered; And S3, sintering, namely sintering the body to be sintered under vacuum.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material according to claim 7, wherein in the step S1, the mixing time is 8-12 hours.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, the mixed powder and the die cavity are separated by a tungsten foil, and a layer of tungsten foil is respectively placed at the upper end and the lower end of the powder to isolate carbon pollution.
  10. 10. The method for preparing the multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein in S3, the sintering pressure is 30 to 80mpa, the heat preservation temperature is 1450 to 1900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5min.

Description

Multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Tungsten material is an ideal plasma-oriented material because of its high melting point (3410 ℃), high thermal conductivity (173W/(m.K)), excellent thermal shock resistance, low sputtering yield, etc. However, tungsten materials have the prominent problems of intrinsic brittleness, high ductile-brittle transition temperature and the like, and the application of the tungsten materials is greatly limited. At present, the principles for improving the toughness of tungsten mainly comprise inner toughening and outer toughening. Internal toughening improves tungsten plasticity primarily by adding alloying elements, second phase particles, or refining tungsten grains to the tungsten. However, tungsten is very sensitive to impurity elements and is easy to recrystallize in a service environment with high heat load, so that the toughening effect of the method is not obvious. External toughening is mainly to prepare tungsten-based composite materials, and can be divided into fiber toughening and lamellar toughening according to different toughening phases. The Chinese patent application publication No. CN102560292A discloses a tungsten-based surface plasma material and a preparation method thereof, which utilizes a mixing method which does not damage tungsten fibers to uniformly mix tungsten powder with the tungsten fibers, and then utilizes a hot isostatic pressing process to sinter and prepare a block fiber toughened tungsten-based material, wherein the tungsten fibers are chopped fibers, have the length of 1-5mm and have poor toughening effect. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of improving the brittleness of tungsten materials and improving the toughness of tungsten. The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means: The multi-scale tungsten fiber synergistic reinforced and toughened tungsten-based composite material comprises 5-20% of tungsten fiber and 80-95% of tungsten powder by mass, wherein the tungsten fiber comprises tungsten fibers with various lengths and the tungsten fibers with different lengths are normally distributed by mass, and the tungsten powder comprises tungsten powder with the particle size of 0.5 mu m, tungsten powder with the particle size of 2 mu m and tungsten powder with the particle size of 10 mu m, and the mass ratio of the tungsten powder with the particle size of 0.5 mu m, tungsten powder with the particle size of 2 mu m and tungsten powder with the particle size of 10 mu m is 1:2:4. The fact that the mass fraction ratio of the tungsten fibers with different lengths is in normal distribution specifically means that the mass fraction of the intermediate length fibers between the shortest length fibers and the longest length fibers is highest, the mass fraction of the fibers with different lengths sequentially distributed from the shortest length fibers to the intermediate length fibers increases with the increase of the lengths, and the mass fraction of the fibers with different lengths sequentially distributed from the intermediate length fibers to the longest length fibers decreases with the increase of the lengths. Preferably, the tungsten fiber is a drawn scheelite with a diameter of 50-200 μm. Preferably, the tungsten fibers and tungsten powder are mechanically mixed by a three-dimensional powder mixer during the composite preparation. Preferably, when the composite is cylindrical, the length distribution of the tungsten fibers is between the height and diameter lengths of the cylinder, and when the composite is polyhedral, the length distribution of the tungsten fibers is between the shortest side length and the longest side length of the polyhedron. Preferably, the composite material is a cylindrical composite material with the diameter of 30mm and the height of 3mm, the diameter of the tungsten fiber is 150 mu m, the mass ratio of the tungsten fiber is 5%, the mass ratio of tungsten powder is 95%, the length distribution of the tungsten fiber is 6-26 mm, the mass ratio of tungsten fiber with the length of 6mm in the tungsten fiber is 5%, the mass ratio of tungsten fiber with the length of 11mm is 20%, the mass ratio of tungsten fiber with the length of 16mm is 50%, the mass ratio of tungsten fiber with the length of 21mm is 20%, and the mass ratio of tungsten fiber with the length of 26mm is 5%. Preferably, the composite material is a cylindrical composite material with the diameter of 50mm and the height of 3mm, the diameter of the tungsten fiber is 100 mu m, the mass ratio of the tungsten fiber is 10%, the mass ratio of tungsten powder is