CN-116686511-B - Cold region japonica rice straw returning inorganic-mineral-biological balance fertilization method

Abstract

The invention discloses an inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization method for returning japonica rice straws to fields in cold regions, which selects varieties with good middle-late maturing, disease resistance, lodging resistance and stable yield. The whole rice is returned to the field after the straw is crushed after the rice is harvested, then the rice is deeply turned, and the rice with seedling age of 30-45d, leaf age of 4-5 leaves and plant height of 15-20cm is selected for transplanting, wherein each hole is 4-6 seedlings. Spreading before or after soaking, spreading base fertilizer once, transplanting for 5-10d, dressing and turning green and tillering fertilizer, and dressing spike fertilizer in 7 middle ten days. By selecting a typical area and high-quality rice seeds in a main rice yield area, the yield is improved to different degrees in the main rice yield areas of three heat accumulating areas in Heilongjiang province, the yield increase rate of the first heat accumulating area rice is between 4.58 and 16.34 percent, the yield increase rate of the second heat accumulating area rice is between 6.78 and 21.19 percent, and the yield increase rate of the third heat accumulating area rice is between 2.61 and 17.39 percent. Meanwhile, the application times and the consumption of the fertilizer are reduced, the nutrient supply is ensured to be sufficient, and the growth requirement of the rice in the whole growth period is well met.

Inventors

• GAO HONGSHENG
• WANG XIAOJUN
• SUN SIMIAO

Assignees

• 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20230728

Claims (4)

1. 1. An inorganic-mineral-biological balance fertilization method for returning japonica rice straws to fields in cold regions comprises the following steps: (1) The soil preparation, namely crushing the harvested rice straws, returning the whole rice straws to the field and deep-ploughing to finish the soil preparation treatment; (2) Transplanting, namely transplanting 4-6 seedlings in each hole in the middle ten days of 5 months; (3) Applying fertilizer, namely spreading fertilizer before soaking the field or deep fertilizer after soaking the field, applying base fertilizer once, transplanting rice seedlings for 5-10d, applying additional green-turning tillering fertilizer, applying spike fertilizer in 7 middle ten days, and applying fertilizer according to different accumulating temperature zones; (4) Chemical weeding, namely weeding before seeding and weeding after combining with weeding after seeding; (5) Pest control, wherein: The step (3) of fertilizing different heat accumulating zones according to the requirement comprises the following steps: the first thermal zone fertilization comprises: 300kg/hm 2 of base fertilizer and 15kg/hm 2 of zinc sulfate; Re-fertilizing 150kg/hm 2 of mineral biological fertilizer and 75kg/hm 2 of urea; Topdressing with urea 75kg/hm 2 and potassium sulfate 30kg/hm 2 ; the second thermal zone fertilization comprises: 270-300kg/hm 2 of base fertilizer and 15kg/hm 2 of zinc sulfate; Re-fertilizing 150kg/hm 2 of mineral biological fertilizer and 75kg/hm 2 of urea; Topdressing with urea 75kg/hm 2 and potassium sulfate 30kg/hm 2 ; The third thermal zone fertilization comprises: 240-270kg/hm 2 of base fertilizer and 15kg/hm 2 of zinc sulfate; Re-fertilizing 150kg/hm 2 of mineral biological fertilizer and 75kg/hm 2 of urea; Topdressing with urea 75kg/hm 2 and potassium sulfate 30kg/hm 2 ; The base fertilizer is prepared by mixing N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O according to a mass ratio of 20:17:17.
2. 2. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein: The deep-turning depth in the step (1) is 25-30cm.
3. 3. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein: the rice straw in the step (1) is crushed until the length is less than or equal to 5cm, and the qualification rate of the crushed length is more than or equal to 85 percent.
4. 4. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein: The seedling age of the transplanting in the step (2) is 30-45d, the leaf age is 4-5 leaves, and the plant height is 15-20cm.

Description

Cold region japonica rice straw returning inorganic-mineral-biological balance fertilization method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization method for returning japonica rice straws in cold regions. Background At present, the degradation problems of shallow cultivation layer, compact soil body and the like caused by single continuous excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the paddy field in the black soil area have attracted high attention of a plurality of students. Straw returning is regarded as the most effective and economical technical measure for protecting black land. The incorporation of crop residues such as straw has a positive impact on agriculture, including increasing nutrient utilization and water retention, improving soil structure, reducing erosion risk so that straw returning can reduce soil degradation, maintain soil fertility, and promote crop production in an intensive agriculture system. The bacterial manure application amount and the soil quality condition are important regulatory factors influencing the quality construction and the yield of the rice high-efficiency population. The increased application of biological bacterial fertilizer and trace fertilizer can obviously raise rice yield, and may be related to (1) raising trace nutrient elements by using short rice short plates, balancing the relationship between trace nutrient elements and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and improving economic characters of rice, such as thousand grain weight and spike length. (2) Beneficial bacteria in the biological bacterial fertilizer participate in soil material conversion, and the soil enzyme activity is activated, so that the decomposition of organic substances in the soil is accelerated, the conversion from fixed nutrients in the soil to effective nutrients is promoted, and the growth of plant roots and overground parts is further promoted. At present, scientific researchers have carried out a great deal of research work on fertilizer application reduction, a series of fertilizer substitution technologies are developed at the same time, and related technologies are popularized, but application demonstration is not combined with straw returning well. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization method for returning the rice straw to the field in cold regions to improve the tillability of the soil. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention aims to solve the shortcomings existing in the prior art, and provides an inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization method for returning japonica rice straws to fields in cold regions. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: An inorganic-mineral-biological balance fertilization method for returning japonica rice straws to fields in cold regions comprises the following steps: 1. The rice variety with good middle-late maturing, disease resistance, lodging resistance and stable yield is selected. 2. The soil preparation, namely, the whole amount of the crushed rice straw is returned to the field after harvesting, and the large tractor is matched with a furrow plow or a disc plow to carry out deep turning, so that the depth is 25cm to 30cm, and the soil of the field is leveled. 3. The seedling transplanting date is 5 months 10-20 days, the seedling age is 30-45 days, the leaf age is 4-5 leaves, and the plant height is 15-20cm. 4. The transplanting quality is that a special transplanting machine for paddy rice is adopted, each hole is used for transplanting 4-6 seedlings, the seedlings are vertically and uniformly transplanted, the seedlings are fully transplanted, the seedlings are not floated, the seedlings are not excessively deep, and the diseased seedlings and the weak seedlings are not transplanted. 5. And (3) fertilizer operation, namely broadcasting before soaking or sounding after soaking by adopting a special rice transplanter, one-time base fertilizer application, transplanting for 5-10 days, dressing and turning green and tillering fertilizer, and dressing and spike fertilizer in 7 middle ten days (the early stage of rice spike). the recommended fertilization amount is that the first heat accumulation zone base fertilizer (N-P 2O5-K2O：20-17-17)300kg/hm2, zinc sulfate 15kg/hm 2, green returning fertilizer dressing mineral biological fertilizer 150kg/hm 2, urea 75kg/hm 2, ear fertilizer dressing urea 75kg/hm 2, 30kg/hm 2 of potassium sulfate, a second heat accumulating zone base fertilizer (N-P 2O5-K2O：20-17-17)270-300kg/hm2, 15kg/hm 2 of zinc sulfate, 150kg/hm 2 of a mineral biological fertilizer applied to the green returning fertilizer, 75kg/hm 2 of urea, 75kg/hm 2 of urea, 30kg/hm 2 of potassium sulfate, a third heat accumulating zone base fertilizer