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CN-116692013-B - Combined type circulating refrigeration system suitable for all-electric aircraft and working method thereof

CN116692013BCN 116692013 BCN116692013 BCN 116692013BCN-116692013-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined type circulating refrigeration system suitable for an all-electric aircraft and a working method thereof, belongs to the field of all-electric aircraft environment control, and meets the all-electric aircraft environment control requirements in multiple aspects. The system is driven by on-board electric energy, is formed by combining vapor compression refrigeration cycle, air expansion refrigeration cycle and liquid cooling cycle, utilizes an on-board motor to drive the vapor compression refrigeration cycle to replace stamping gas to serve as a cold source, simultaneously utilizes an electric compressor to compress external environment air to serve as a high-pressure air source required by the air expansion refrigeration cycle, respectively adopts the liquid cooling cycle and the air expansion refrigeration cycle to cool and regulate an equipment cabin and a cabin, and simultaneously adopts the mixture of cabin return air and external environment air entraining to participate in the air expansion refrigeration to form a closed cycle, thereby effectively reducing the air entraining amount requirement.

Inventors

  • WANG XIAOZHEN
  • LIU WEIHUA

Assignees

  • 南京航空航天大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20230525

Claims (6)

  1. 1. The combined type circulation refrigerating system suitable for the all-electric aircraft is characterized by comprising a vapor compression refrigerating circulating system, an air expansion refrigerating circulating system and a liquid cooling circulating system, wherein the vapor compression refrigerating circulating system is a cold source, the air expansion refrigerating circulating system meets the cabin environment refrigerating requirement, and the liquid cooling circulating system meets the equipment cabin environment refrigerating requirement; The vapor compression refrigeration cycle system comprises a first motor, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, a first evaporator and a second evaporator, wherein the first motor is used for driving the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, the first evaporator and the second evaporator are sequentially connected in series according to the flowing direction of refrigerant working medium, the first evaporator exchanges heat with a medium in the air expansion refrigeration cycle system, and the second evaporator exchanges heat with the medium in the liquid cooling cycle system; The air expansion refrigeration cycle system comprises a three-way valve, a gas compressor, a second motor, a high-pressure water separator, a cooling turbine, an electric control valve, a one-way valve, a filter and an adsorber, wherein the three-way valve is used for mixing external environment air-entraining and cabin air-entraining, the mixed gas enters the gas compressor to be compressed, heated and boosted, enters the first evaporator to exchange heat and cool, then enters the cooling turbine to expand to cabin pressure after water is removed through the high-pressure water separator, the temperature is further reduced, the cooled cabin is cooled, a part of gas in the cabin is regulated by the electric control valve to be discharged as waste gas, the rest of gas is purified and adsorbed by the one-way valve to be used as cabin air-entraining through the filter and the adsorber and then is mixed with external environment air-entraining at the three-way valve to participate in the air expansion refrigeration cycle again, the electric control valve can regulate the opening according to requirements, the gas compressor-second motor-cooling turbine is a coaxial device, the second motor drives the gas compressor to work, the cooling turbine enables the high-pressure gas to expand and cool, and simultaneously recovers a part of the high-pressure gas energy, and shaft work is input to the gas into the gas compressor, and electric energy consumption is reduced.
  2. 2. The combined cycle refrigeration system for an all-electric aircraft according to claim 1, wherein condensed water generated in the high-pressure water separator is sprayed to the surface of the first evaporator heat exchanger through a pipe.
  3. 3. The combined type circulating refrigeration system suitable for the all-electric aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the liquid cooling circulation system comprises a circulating pump, a liquid storage tank and an equipment cabin cooling plate, the liquid storage tank is used for storing a medium, and the liquid storage tank, the circulating pump, the second evaporator, the equipment cabin cooling plate and the liquid storage tank sequentially form a circulation loop according to the flowing direction of the medium.
  4. 4. A working method of a combined cycle refrigeration system suitable for an all-electric aircraft is characterized in that a vapor compression refrigeration cycle is combined with an air expansion refrigeration cycle and a liquid cooling cycle, a compressor is driven by electric energy in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor and enters a condenser to be cooled into liquid, heat is released to fuel, the fuel is heated and then is sent into a combustion chamber to recover heat, the liquid of the refrigerant enters an expansion valve to be expanded and depressurized, and then enters two evaporators connected in series to absorb heat, wherein a first evaporator exchanges heat with a medium in the air expansion refrigeration cycle, a second evaporator exchanges heat with the medium in the liquid cooling cycle, the refrigerant is heated to be in a complete gaseous state from a liquid to a gas, the temperature of the refrigerant is raised, a heat exchange medium is cooled, so that the refrigerating requirements of a cabin and an equipment cabin are met respectively, then the refrigerant is compressed again by the compressor to continue to perform the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, a compressor-motor-cooling turbine coaxial mechanism is established in the air expansion refrigeration cycle, a cooling turbine enables high-pressure gas to be expanded and cooled, and a part of high-pressure gas energy is recovered, and shaft work is input to the compressor, and electric energy consumption is reduced.
  5. 5. The method of operating a combined cycle refrigeration system for an all-electric aircraft according to claim 4, wherein said liquid cooling cycle comprises the steps of: when the electronic equipment starts to work, the circulating pump is started, the medium stored in the liquid storage tank is driven by the circulating pump to enter the second evaporator for heat exchange and cooling, then enters the equipment cabin cooling plate to take away heat generated by the electronic equipment, and enters the liquid storage tank for liquid cooling circulation again after heat exchange is completed.
  6. 6. The working method of the combined type circulating refrigerating system suitable for the all-electric aircraft is characterized in that the air expansion refrigerating cycle specifically comprises the following steps of mixing external environment air-entraining and cabin air-entraining through a three-way valve, enabling the air-entraining and cabin air-entraining to enter a compressor driven by a second motor for compression, heating and boosting, enabling the air-entraining and cabin air-entraining to enter a first evaporator for heat exchange and cooling, enabling the air-entraining and cabin air-entraining to enter a high-pressure water separation system for water removal, enabling the air-entraining and cabin air-entraining to enter a cooling turbine for further reduction of expansion temperature, enabling part of air in the cabin to be discharged as waste gas after being regulated by an electric control valve, enabling the rest of air to be purified and absorbed by a one-way valve as cabin air-entraining through a filter and an absorber and then be mixed with external environment air-entraining at the three-way valve to participate in the air expansion refrigerating cycle again, enabling the electric control valve to regulate opening according to requirements, enabling the proportion of cabin air-entraining to be controlled, enabling fresh air to be higher during subsonic flight and enabling air-entraining to be higher during hypersonic flight, and effectively reducing external air-entraining quantity requirements.

Description

Combined type circulating refrigeration system suitable for all-electric aircraft and working method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of all-electric aircraft environment control, and particularly relates to a combined type circulating refrigeration system suitable for an all-electric aircraft and a working method thereof. Background The all-electric aircraft is one of the development trends of modern aircraft, and aims to realize the centralized control of energy, the overall optimization design of a system and the integrated management of equipment. Because the traditional aircraft has the current coexistence of electric energy, hydraulic energy, pneumatic energy and mechanical energy, each energy source is independent and has a complex system structure respectively, the energy distribution, conversion and application links have redundancy, the aircraft structure weight is increased, and the energy utilization efficiency is required to be further improved. In the conventional environment control scheme, the engine bleed air is directly cooled by the heat exchanger to cause energy utilization loss of high-temperature high-pressure gas and the engine bleed air from the engine to cause performance degradation of a power system, so that the working efficiency of the system is generally low, and particularly, the ram air temperature serving as a cooling medium of the system is greatly increased and the cooling capacity is lost in hypersonic speed flight. The multi-electric aircraft is a transition stage of development of the all-electric aircraft, the current multi-electric aircraft does not realize uniform, efficient and reliable electric energy distribution management, an environment control system of the multi-electric aircraft does not consider hypersonic environment control requirements which are gradually highlighted along with the improvement of the aircraft speed, and the limitation that ram air cannot be used as a cold source during hypersonic flight exists. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a combined type circulation refrigerating system suitable for an all-electric aircraft and a working method thereof, adopts a mode of combining airborne evaporation circulation with air expansion refrigerating circulation and liquid cooling circulation, and provides the combined type circulation refrigerating system which can adapt to different environmental control requirements in a cabin to realize high-efficiency operation of the system. In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted: The combined type circulation refrigerating system suitable for the all-electric aircraft comprises a vapor compression refrigerating circulating system, an air expansion refrigerating circulating system and a liquid cooling circulating system, wherein the vapor compression refrigerating circulating system is a cold source, the air expansion refrigerating circulating system meets the cabin environment refrigerating requirement, the liquid cooling circulating system meets the equipment cabin environment refrigerating requirement, the vapor compression refrigerating circulating system adopts two evaporators which are connected in series, and the two evaporators are respectively connected with the air expansion refrigerating circulating system and the liquid cooling circulating system and sequentially meet the refrigerating requirements of a cabin and the equipment cabin. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle system comprises a first motor, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, a first evaporator and a second evaporator, wherein the first motor is used for driving the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, the first evaporator and the second evaporator are sequentially connected in series according to the flowing direction of refrigerant working media, the first evaporator exchanges heat with a medium in the air expansion refrigeration cycle system, and the second evaporator exchanges heat with the medium in the liquid cooling cycle system; the system comprises an air expansion refrigeration circulation system, a first evaporator, a second evaporator, a high-pressure water separation system, a cooling turbine, an electric control valve, a one-way valve, a filter and an adsorber, wherein the three-way valve is used for mixing external environment air entraining and cabin air returning, then entering the air compressor for compression, heating and boosting, entering the first evaporator for heat exchange and cooling, then entering the cooling turbine for expansion to cabin pressure after water removal through the high-pressure water separation system, cooling the cabin after the temperature is further reduced, and part of gas in the cabin is regulated by the electric control valve and is discharged as waste gas, and the rest of gas is purified and adsorbed by the one-way valve as cabin air returning through the filter and the adsorber and the