CN-116724810-B - Facility early-maturing cultivation method for late-maturing yellow-green apple variety

CN116724810BCN 116724810 BCN116724810 BCN 116724810BCN-116724810-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a facility early-maturing cultivation method for late-maturing yellow-green apples, which mainly solves the problems that under the planting conditions of late-maturing yellow-green apples such as Venus gold, green water rhyme and the like, by selecting reasonable planting modes, proper greenhouse buckling and temperature rising, scientific regulation and control of ground temperature and air temperature and humidity in facilities in different periods, flower and fruit management, fruit quality improvement technology and the like, the late-maturing apples such as Venus gold and the like can bloom early in the facilities and mature in about 90 days in advance through facility utilization and matched cultivation technology innovation, fruit quality can reach the standard of normal open-field cultivation, and the problem that high-quality high-grade yellow-green fruits are lack in the period of 7 months to 10 months is solved, so that more high-grade fruits are provided for consumers.

Inventors

LIU XUEQING
NAN JIBIN
SONG LAIQING
ZHAO JUN
ZHAO LINGLING
GESANGQUZHEN
LIU XUEQING
TANG YAN
SUN YANXIA
LI JING

Assignees

山东省烟台市农业科学研究院(山东省农业科学院烟台市分院)
西藏自治区林木科学研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230706

Claims (4)

1. The facility early-maturing cultivation method for late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) Planning a garden and planting seedlings, designing the garden according to 1m plant row spacing, digging planting furrows with depth and width of 60cm along the row direction, paving air-permeable square bricks on two sides of each planting furrow, mixing the dug soil and the bio-organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 2:1, backfilling, watering and setting, selecting 3-year dwarf seedlings with branches from root stock for planting, and carrying out seedling planting according to the plant spacing of 1 m; 2) Heating the greenhouse by selecting the greenhouse buckling time, paving a black film in a tree disk in advance 20 days before greenhouse buckling, covering a grass mat, wherein the ground temperature can be raised to 12-13 ℃ when the greenhouse buckling is heated, and the temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and 3-5 ℃ at night until the greenhouse is covered until the greenhouse is germinated, wherein the temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃ in the daytime and 5-7 ℃ at night until the greenhouse is in a full bloom stage, and the flower buds germinate in the next ten days of 1 month and enter the early bloom stage in 2 months through temperature control management; 3) Flower and fruit management, namely promoting apple fruit setting, promoting plant fruit setting by adopting an artificial pollination mode in the primary full-bloom stage, carrying out artificial thinning after flowers are removed for 30d, leaving single fruits per inflorescence, bagging the fruits after spraying 2 times of bactericides on the whole greenhouse fruit trees, entering the flower bud differentiation stage 1 month after bagging, and applying 2 times of water flush fertilizer to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation of the tree body; 4) After the fruits are managed in the mature period, 6 months later, the canopy film is removed, a sunshade net is hung above the greenhouse, and 9 am to 4 pm are carried out by using a high-pole micro-spraying facility in the canopy to spray water in a foggy manner, so that the temperature in the tree crowns is reduced, the day and night temperature difference of 10-12 ℃ is kept, and the accumulation of sugar degree of the fruits is promoted; 5) And (3) harvesting fruits, managing the harvested fruits, carrying out proper-period continuous bag harvesting according to the sugar degree and the flavor of the fruits at the beginning of 7 months to 8 months, immediately applying a base fertilizer after the fruit harvesting to promote nutrient accumulation of plants, carrying out pest control, spraying urea solution with the concentration of 1-2% on the leaf surfaces at the end of 10 months, and promoting defoliation and nutrient backflow of the plants.
2. The facility early-maturing cultivation method for late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties is characterized in that the late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties are Venus gold and green water charm, venus gold and green water charm are pollinating trees, the cultivation ratio is 1-3:1, and the tree forms are in a short, compact and high spindle shape.
3. The method for promoting early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties by using facilities according to claim 1, wherein cement stands, water and fertilizer integrated facilities and high-stalk micro-spraying facilities are installed on the garden.
4. The method for promoting the early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties by using facilities according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of fruit bagging is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ in daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night so as to promote the fruit development.

Description

Facility early-maturing cultivation method for late-maturing yellow-green apple variety Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a facility early-maturing cultivation method for late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties. Background In recent years, yellow-green varieties mainly comprising Venus gold, green water charm and the like have the mature period of 11 months at the end of 10 months, are popular with consumers, have high sales price, larger market demand and extremely high planting benefit. However, the fruit storability of the varieties is generally required to be sold before the end of 5 months in the next year, and the market blank period of the high-grade yellow-green apple varieties is from 6 months to 10 months. The facility can promote the early cultivation, and can promote the early ripening and the early marketing of the facility cultivated fruits. The high-grade late-maturing yellow-green products such as Venus gold and the like are cultivated in a facility to promote early flowering, early fruit setting and early marketing, and the method has a high market development prospect. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a facility early-maturing cultivation method for late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties. The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is that the method for promoting the early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties by facilities comprises the following steps: 1) Planning a garden and planting seedlings, designing the garden according to 1m plant row spacing, digging planting furrows with depth and width of 60cm along the row direction, paving air-permeable square bricks on two sides of each planting furrow, mixing the dug soil and the bio-organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 2:1, backfilling, watering and setting, selecting 3-year dwarf seedlings with branches from root stock for planting, and carrying out seedling planting according to the plant spacing of 1 m; 2) Heating the greenhouse by selecting the greenhouse buckling time, paving a black film in a tree disk in advance 20 days before greenhouse buckling, covering a grass mat, wherein the ground temperature can rise to 12-13 ℃ when the greenhouse buckling is heated, the temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 3-5 ℃ at night until the greenhouse is germinated, the temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 5-7 ℃ at night until the flowering period is reached, and the flower buds germinate in the next ten days of 1 month and enter the initial flowering period in the beginning of 2 months through temperature control management; 3) Flower and fruit management, namely promoting apple fruit setting, promoting plant fruit setting by adopting an artificial pollination mode in the primary full-bloom stage, carrying out artificial thinning after flowers are removed for 30d, leaving single fruits per inflorescence, bagging the fruits after spraying 2 times of bactericides on the whole greenhouse fruit trees, entering the flower bud differentiation stage 1 month after bagging, and applying 2 times of water flush fertilizer to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation of the tree body; 4) After the fruits are managed in the mature period, 6 months later, the canopy film is removed, a sunshade net is hung above the greenhouse, and 9 am to 4 pm are carried out by using a high-pole micro-spraying facility in the canopy to spray water in a foggy manner, so that the temperature in the tree crowns is reduced, the day and night temperature difference of 10-12 ℃ is kept, and the accumulation of sugar degree of the fruits is promoted; 5) And (3) harvesting fruits, managing the harvested tree bodies, carrying out proper-period continuous bag harvesting according to the sugar degree and the flavor of the fruits at the beginning of 7 months to 8 months, immediately applying a base fertilizer after the fruit harvesting to promote nutrient accumulation of plants, carrying out pest control, spraying urea solution with the concentration of 1-2% on the leaf surfaces at the end of 10 months, and promoting defoliation and nutrient backflow of the plants. Specifically, the late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties are Venus gold and green water rhymes, the Venus gold and the green water rhymes are pollinating trees, the cultivation ratio is 1-3:1, and the tree forms are in a short, compact and high spindle shape. Specifically, cement vertical frames, water and fertilizer integrated facilities and high-pole micro-spraying facilities are installed in the park. Specifically, the temperature of the fruit bagging is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night, so that the fruit development is promoted. The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties such as Venus gold, green water rh