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CN-116783269-B - Rotary raw material treatment device with axially adjustable rotor

CN116783269BCN 116783269 BCN116783269 BCN 116783269BCN-116783269-B

Abstract

An apparatus (100) with rotating blades for treating raw material in a treatment fluid is provided, the apparatus comprising means for adjusting the position of a working blade cascade of a rotor (3) relative to stator parts (2, 4) in the longitudinal direction of the rotor shaft (1). The adjustment is performed by axial displacement of the rotor (3) or alternatively by axial displacement of the reactor housing (22 a,32 a). A method for improving process efficiency and adjusting flow losses during processing of feedstock in a process fluid, particularly under off-design conditions in a bladed apparatus (100), is also provided. In embodiments, the treatment of the feedstock comprises thermal or thermochemical cracking of the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock.

Inventors

  • ALEXANDER KARPOV
  • Dennis Semyonov

Assignees

  • 库尔布鲁克有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20211117
Priority Date
20201118

Claims (20)

  1. 1. An apparatus for processing a feedstock in a processing fluid, comprising: -a rotor comprising a plurality of rotor blades arranged in the circumferential direction of a disc (3 a) mounted to a rotor shaft (1) and forming a rotor blade cascade (3); -a plurality of stationary vanes arranged in a plurality of stationary vane cascades of annular shape, the stationary vane cascades being arranged adjacently with respect to the rotor blade cascades, thereby forming a stator-rotor-stator arrangement; -a housing (6) in which a duct is formed, said duct having at least one inlet (8) and at least one outlet (9), said housing enclosing the rotor blade cascade (3) and stationary vane cascade inside the duct, and A stator-vane free space (7) formed between an outlet of the stator-rotor-stator arrangement and an inlet of the stator-rotor-stator arrangement, Wherein the stationary vane cascade and the rotor blade cascade in the stator-rotor-stator arrangement are configured to guide the treatment fluid repeatedly through the stationary vane cascade and the rotor blade cascade and through the vaneless space (7) according to a helical flow path as it is conveyed within the conduit between the at least one inlet and the at least one outlet, and to establish conditions for at least one chemical reaction in the treatment fluid, Wherein in the stator-rotor-stator arrangement the position of the rotor blade cascade (3) relative to the stationary vane cascade is adjustable by a predetermined distance (Δx) in the axial direction along the rotor shaft.
  2. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the position of the rotor blade cascade (3) in the stator-rotor-stator arrangement relative to the stationary vane cascade is adjustable by axially displacing the rotor in the longitudinal direction of the rotor shaft.
  3. 3. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising at least one thrust bearing element (23) arranged on the rotor shaft, wherein the rotor is axially displaceable by axial displacement of the at least one thrust bearing element on the rotor shaft.
  4. 4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one thrust bearing element (23) is configured to be axially displaceable relative to the housing (6).
  5. 5. A device according to claim 3, wherein the thrust bearing element (23) is accommodated in a separate housing (24) which is at least partially enclosed inside a bearing housing (21), and wherein the enclosed thrust bearing element (23) is configured to be axially displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor shaft in the associated bearing housing.
  6. 6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the coupling (1A) arranged between the rotor shaft (1) and the drive shaft (1B) is a flexible shaft coupling configured to enable axial displacement of the drive shaft and the rotor shaft.
  7. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the rotor is axially displaceable by axial displacement of the drive shaft (1B) connected to the rotor shaft (1) via the coupling (1A).
  8. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the position of the rotor blade cascade (3) in the stator-rotor-stator arrangement relative to the stationary guide vane cascade is adjustable by axially displacing the housing (6) in the longitudinal direction of the rotor shaft.
  9. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the drive shaft (1B) is fixed, thereby preventing axial displacement of the drive shaft.
  10. 10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the coupling (1A) is a rigid coupling configured to axially non-displace the drive shaft and the rotor shaft.
  11. 11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein each stationary vane cascade of a plurality of the stationary vane cascades is fixed on associated bearing seats arranged at both sides of the housing (6).
  12. 12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein adjusting the position of the rotor blade cascade (3) in the stator-rotor-stator arrangement relative to the stationary guide vane cascade is accompanied by adjusting at least the rotational speed of the rotor and/or the flow of a treatment fluid containing feedstock.
  13. 13. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising a flow shaping device (5) arranged inside the housing (6) such that the conduit is formed between the housing and the flow shaping device, the conduit having a radial cross section of annular shape.
  14. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the flow shaping device (5) is an annular hollow structure.
  15. 15. Apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the vaneless space (7) formed between the outlet of the stator-rotor-stator arrangement and the inlet of the stator-rotor-stator arrangement is defined by a volume between the housing (6) and the flow shaping device (5).
  16. 16. The apparatus of any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the stationary vane cascade is formed with a plurality of stationary nozzle guide vanes forming an annular nozzle guide vane cascade upstream of the rotor blade and a plurality of stationary diffuser vanes forming a diffuser vane cascade downstream of the rotor blade.
  17. 17. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 and 2, configured with a plurality of catalytic surfaces.
  18. 18. Use of the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 17 in the heat treatment of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock.
  19. 19. Use of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 17 for performing a chemical reaction.
  20. 20. Use according to claim 19 for the thermochemical splitting of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock.

Description

Rotary raw material treatment device with axially adjustable rotor Technical Field The present invention relates generally to the field of rotating turbines having axially adjustable rotors. In particular, the present invention relates to a rotary bladed apparatus, related arrangement, method and use for treating feedstock such as hydrocarbons. Background In the field of turbines, there are a series of solutions to enable the rotor unit to be displaced in the axial direction. These solutions are generally applicable to axial flow turbines, such as axial vane compressors and turbines, where radial flow losses can be effectively adjusted by axial displacement of the rotor. Radial flow losses are common in annular turbine cascades that utilize working fluid to turn a rotor because a gap is provided between rotating and stationary components, which typically results in a leakage path (tip leakage). As an example, DE 101 45 785al (Ehrenberger) discloses a wind turbine in which the rotor is axially moved from its operating position to a lower speed position (in the direction of increasing clearance between the rotor blades and the housing) when the nominal speed of the rotor is exceeded. Axial adjustment solves the problem of stabilizing the speed (rotational speed) of the rotor at variable speeds of the incoming fluid flow. None of the above solutions provides any indication of the applicability of the disclosed turbomachinery in the field of chemical treatment. An example of an axial-type reactor configured for hydrogenation of dry coal to produce hydrocarbons is presented in U.S. patent publication number 4,288,405 (Koch), which has a rotor configured for axial displacement. In case the pressure in the hydrogenation chamber exceeds a certain value, the rotor is displaced axially. The movement of the rotor closes the feed inlet to the hydrogenation chamber, thereby preventing the diffusion of excessive pressure into the upstream facilities. U.S. patent publication nos. 9,494,038 (Bushuev) and 9,234,140 @, respectivelyEtc.) discloses a rotary power reactor (RDR) apparatus for converting hydrocarbon feedstock to light olefins via thermal (chemical) cracking. Generally, the reactor comprises a rotor disk with an associated blade cascade, which is provided between rows of stationary vanes arranged on a substantially annular support and enclosed within a casing provided in an annular shape. The process fluid enters the reaction via the inlet and passes through the stator and rotor cascades several times according to a substantially helical trajectory before exiting the reactor. Low molecular olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butylene are major components of the petrochemical industry and are used as fundamental building blocks in the commercial production of plastics, polymers, elastomers, rubbers, foams, solvents and chemical intermediates, as well as fibers (including carbon fibers) and coatings. The above-described rotary power machine allows thermal (chemical) reactions to be carried out with reduced residence times and improved controllability of the cracking process, which is generally associated with increased yields of target products and prevention of said products from entering secondary reactions, compared to conventional tubular pyrolysis furnaces. A common problem with the known RDR solutions is the generation of flow leakage in the circumferential direction (also referred to as tangential or circumferential direction). In practice, leakage occurs in the direction from the inlet to the outlet (rather than into the reaction zone) and/or in the direction from the end of the reaction zone to the start of the adjacent reaction zone (rather than out of the reactor), which leakage is caused by operating the reactor under conditions other than nominal conditions (in so-called off-design mode). For the sake of completeness we note that the problem of leakage in the above-mentioned direction (inlet to outlet; end of reaction zone-start of adjacent reaction zone) is not encountered in conventional axial flow solutions. Thus, leakage is unavoidable when the reactor is operated at variable flow rates and/or feedstock-related conditions. In a similar way, leaks are produced when the temperature inside the reactor is changed (all other parameters are constant), since this is linked to the regulation of the rotation speed of the rotor. Such leakage flow results in a reduction of the total mass flow and work transfer and has a negative impact on the stability of the reactor, which narrows its operating range, i.e. its ability to operate at a range of fluid flows and rotational speeds. In addition, flow leakage results in coke formation and significantly reduces the yield of the target product. Thus, these adversely affect the industrial applicability of the reactor, the appeal of the reactor to end users, and the market potential. In practice, the only way to prevent leakage is to operate the RDR apparatus with a