CN-116927651-B - Mechanical impact-high pressure jet combined rock breaking method and generation device

CN116927651BCN 116927651 BCN116927651 BCN 116927651BCN-116927651-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical impact-high pressure jet combined rock breaking generating device, which enables a drill bit to rotate and generate impact vibration through a certain method or device, and instantaneous stress concentration of high-frequency vibration promotes cracks in rock to be generated and rapidly spread, so that the strength of the rock is weakened. At the same time, part or all of the conventional drilling fluid is pressurized to a certain degree by a certain mode and is sprayed to the damaged weakened rock surface, so that cracks generated by vibration impact are invaded. The cracks are expanded and converged under the splitting action of high-pressure injection, so that conditions are created for cutting and crushing of the subsequent drill bit, and the crushing efficiency of the drill bit is improved. The invention also discloses a mechanical impact-high pressure injection combined rock breaking method, which improves the drilling speed, shortens the well construction period and realizes the economic and efficient exploitation of oil and gas resources.

Inventors

JI ZHAOSHENG
XU HONG
LI BANGMIN
LI ZHONGSHOU
JIANG JINBAO
WANG HUIWEN

Assignees

中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司
中石化中原石油工程有限公司
中石化中原石油工程有限公司钻井工程技术研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20220406

Claims (6)

1. The mechanical impact-high pressure jet combined rock breaking generating device is characterized by comprising a shell (1), a knob mechanism, a transmission shaft (8), a piston cavity (9) and a high-pressure quick connector (11), wherein the knob mechanism, the transmission shaft (8) and the high-pressure quick connector are arranged in the shell; the upper end of the shell (1) is used for connecting a drill string, and the knob mechanism can convert the axial mechanical energy of drilling fluid into circumferential rotation of the transmission shaft (8); a linkage structure is arranged between the transmission shaft (8) and the piston cavity (9), and the linkage structure can enable the piston cavity (9) to reciprocate up and down when the transmission shaft (8) rotates; The lower end of the transmission shaft (8) is inserted into the uppermost section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity (9), the inner cavity of the shell (1) is communicated with the uppermost section of the inner cavity in a one-way manner, the high-pressure quick connector (11) is fixed on the second section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity (9), the uppermost section of the inner cavity is communicated with the inner cavity of the high-pressure quick connector (11) in a one-way manner, the high-pressure quick connector (11) is used for connecting a drill bit water hole, the third section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity (9) is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell (1), and the lowermost section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity (9) is used for connecting a drill bit; The linkage structure comprises a piston cavity inclined boss (903) arranged on the upper end surface of the piston cavity (9), a transmission shaft inclined boss (801) arranged on the transmission shaft (8), and a transmission shaft inclined boss (801) which is used for being meshed with the piston cavity inclined boss (903) along the circumferential direction; The plurality of piston cavity inclined bosses (903) are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the annular side wall of the piston cavity (9) along the circumferential direction, the transmission shaft (8) is provided with a middle-lower section shoulder, and the plurality of transmission shaft inclined bosses (801) are uniformly distributed on the annular shoulder surface of the middle-lower section shoulder along the circumferential direction; The knob mechanism comprises a flow guiding body (5) and an impeller (6), wherein an inclined flow channel is arranged at the outer side of the flow guiding body (5), the impeller (6) is positioned below the flow guiding body (5), and inclined blades which are opposite to the inclined flow channel are arranged at the outer side of the impeller (6), and the impeller (6) is in transmission fit with the transmission shaft (8); the novel air conditioner further comprises a guide body pressing ring (2) fixed in the shell (1), wherein the lower end of the guide body (5) is seated on the inner cavity shoulder of the shell (1), and the guide body pressing ring (2) is pressed on the upper end of the guide body (5).
2. The mechanical impact-high pressure injection combined rock breaking generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the housing (1) is provided with a first concave-convex table; the piston cavity (9) is provided with a middle-lower section shoulder, the middle-lower section shoulder is provided with a second concave-convex table, and the second concave-convex table is used for transmitting torque in a matched mode with the first concave-convex table.
3. The combined mechanical impact and high pressure injection rock breaking generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission shaft (8) sequentially passes through the impeller (6) and the flow guide body (5) from bottom to top; The mechanical impact-high pressure injection combined rock breaking generating device further comprises: A bearing (4) arranged between the guide body (5) and the transmission shaft (8); The compression nut (3) is in threaded connection with the transmission shaft (8), and the lower end face of the compression nut (3) is compressed on the upper end face of the bearing (4); And the spline (7) is arranged between the impeller (6) and the transmission shaft (8) and is used for transmission fit.
4. A combined mechanical impact-high pressure injection rock breaking generating device according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission shaft (8) is provided with an upper middle section shoulder, the lower end face of the impeller (6) is in contact fit with the upper middle section shoulder, and the upper end face is in contact fit with the lower end face of the flow guide body (5).
5. The mechanical impact-high pressure injection combined rock breaking generating device according to claim 1, further comprising a first check valve (10) and a second check valve; The first one-way valve (10) is arranged in a first flow passage from the inner cavity of the shell (1) to the uppermost section of the inner cavity, and the second one-way valve is arranged in a second flow passage from the uppermost section of the inner cavity to the inner cavity of the high-pressure quick connector (11).
6. A method for mechanically impacting-high pressure jetting combined rock breaking, characterized in that a mechanically impacting-high pressure jetting combined rock breaking generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 is used, comprising the steps of: performing impact vibration on the rock in a target range on the basis of conventional rotary drilling, and adjusting the frequency and power of a mechanical impact generating device according to the hardness, fracture complexity and other parameters of the target rock; Starting a high-pressure water jet flow generating device when the rock is impacted by vibration, enabling high-pressure jet to act on the rock body through a high-pressure nozzle, weakening or even crushing the mechanically impact weakened rock deeply by utilizing the high-pressure water jet flow, discharging rock powder at the bottom of a well by the high-pressure jet flow, and cooling a drill bit; And continuously crushing weakened rock under the scraping action of the rotary PDC drill bit, so as to realize continuous drilling of the drill bit into deep stratum.

Description

Mechanical impact-high pressure jet combined rock breaking method and generation device Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of acceleration and synergy of oil and natural gas exploitation, in particular to a mechanical impact-high pressure injection combined rock breaking method and a generation device. Background With the continuous deep development of petroleum and natural gas exploration, the drilling depth is increased. The high hardness and complex environmental characteristics of deep stratum rock are urgent demands for accelerating and enhancing efficiency and breaking rock efficiently. High pressure injection and mechanical impact are two efficient rock breaking techniques that have been validated by experimentation and field application. High pressure jetting greatly increases the drilling speed by increasing the jet pressure of the nozzle of the drill bit at the bottom of the well. A high-pressure jet auxiliary drilling system is developed abroad, drilling fluid is lifted and pressed on the ground to directly act on the mechanical rock breaking action of a well bottom auxiliary drill bit, and the mechanical drilling speed can be improved by 2-3 times. The underground pressurizing mode only needs to add a pressurizing device above the drill bit, does not need to change the existing equipment, and is convenient to manufacture. The mechanical impact drilling technology is characterized in that an impactor is arranged near a drill bit, so that the drill bit generates axial or circumferential impact during conventional rotary drilling, the rock breaking efficiency is improved through instantaneous stress concentration, the stick-slip effect is weakened, and the irregular vibration of the drill bit is weakened. Practice proves that the high-pressure injection has better acceleration effect in soft to medium-hard stratum, and the mechanical impact has better effect in medium-hard to hard stratum. When facing ultra-deep well ultra-hard formations, the various acceleration methods including the two acceleration methods have no good acceleration effect or even no effect. Therefore, a new efficient rock breaking method and device applicable to superhard strata are needed to be searched. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problem of hard rock of deep stratum, the invention provides a mechanical impact-high pressure injection combined rock breaking method, which improves drilling speed, shortens well construction period and realizes economic and efficient exploitation of oil and gas resources. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The mechanical impact-high pressure jet combined rock breaking generating device comprises a shell, a knob mechanism, a transmission shaft, a piston cavity and a high-pressure quick connector, wherein the knob mechanism, the transmission shaft, the piston cavity and the high-pressure quick connector are arranged in the shell; the rotary knob mechanism can convert the axial mechanical energy of drilling fluid into circumferential rotation of the transmission shaft; a linkage structure is arranged between the transmission shaft and the piston cavity, and the linkage structure can enable the piston cavity to reciprocate up and down when the transmission shaft rotates; The lower end of the transmission shaft is inserted into the uppermost section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity, the inner cavity of the shell is communicated with the uppermost section of the inner cavity in a one-way manner, the high-pressure quick connector is fixed on the second section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity, the uppermost section of the inner cavity is communicated with the inner cavity of the high-pressure quick connector in a one-way manner, the high-pressure quick connector is used for connecting a drill bit water hole, the third section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell, and the lowermost section of the inner cavity of the piston cavity is used for connecting a drill bit. Preferably, the linkage structure includes: a piston cavity inclined boss arranged on the upper end surface of the piston cavity; The transmission shaft inclined lug boss is used for being meshed with the piston cavity inclined lug boss along the circumferential direction. Preferably, a plurality of inclined bosses of the piston cavity are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the annular side wall of the piston cavity along the circumferential direction; the transmission shaft is provided with a middle-lower section shoulder, and a plurality of transmission shaft inclined bosses are uniformly distributed on the annular shoulder surface of the middle-lower section shoulder along the circumferential direction. Preferably, a first concave boss is arranged at the lower end of the shell; the piston cavity is provided with a middle-lower section shoulder, the mid