CN-116948393-B - Bubble-driven micro-nano motor and preparation method and application thereof

CN116948393BCN 116948393 BCN116948393 BCN 116948393BCN-116948393-B

Abstract

The invention provides a bubble-driven micro-nano motor and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of micro-nano motors. The micro-nano motor comprises a main body material and precious metal nano particles, wherein the main body material forms a main body of the micro-nano motor, the main body of the micro-nano motor is in a hollow form with a single opening and is provided with an inner surface and an outer surface, and one of the inner surface or the outer surface of the main body is modified with the precious metal nano particles. Because the micro-nano motor main body is hollow and has inner and outer surfaces, precious metal nano particles with a catalytic function are directionally modified on one surface, so that the precious metal nano particles can react with substrates in the environment to generate bubbles, and further controllable movement of the micro-nano motor is realized. The micro-nano motor has a highly flexible structural design, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, strong operability, easy adjustment and wide application prospect in the fields of environmental remediation, biological medicine and the like.

Inventors

CHEN WEI
Song Laibo
ZHAO YUANDI
Fan Jinxuan

Assignees

华中科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20230525

Claims (9)

1. The bubble-driven micro-nano motor is characterized by comprising a main body material and precious metal nano particles, wherein the main body material forms a main body of the micro-nano motor, the main body of the micro-nano motor is in a hollow form with a single opening and is provided with an inner surface and an outer surface, one of the inner surface or the outer surface of the main body is modified with the precious metal nano particles, so that the precious metal nano particles can react with a substrate in the environment to generate bubbles, an asymmetric field is formed around the micro-nano motor, and controllable movement of the micro-nano motor is realized; the hollow form with the single opening is formed by swelling and removing the uncrosslinked polystyrene particles after the uncrosslinked polystyrene particles and the main body material form a shell-core particle structure, wherein the cores of the shell-core particles are polystyrene particles, the shells of the shell-core particles are main body materials, and the main body materials are polydopamine.
2. The bubble driven micro-nano motor according to claim 1, wherein when the noble metal nanoparticles are modified on the inner surface of the main body, the noble metal nanoparticles are modified on the outer surface with an inert component having the same charge as the noble metal nanoparticles, and the inert component is silica.
3. The bubble driven micro-nano motor according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal nanoparticles are platinum, silver or palladium metal nanoparticles with a diameter of 18-24 nm.
4. The bubble driven micro-nanomotor of claim 3, wherein the noble metal nanoparticles are platinum metal nanoparticles.
5. The bubble driven micro-nano motor according to claim 1, wherein the shell thickness of the shell-core particles is 400-500 nm.
6. The bubble driven micro-nano motor according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the non-crosslinked polystyrene particles is 5-5.5 μm.
7. A method of manufacturing a bubble driven micro-nanomotor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: S11, mixing non-crosslinked polystyrene particles with a main body material precursor solution, and obtaining symmetrical shell-core particles through in-situ polymerization, wherein the symmetrical shell-core particles are added into a swelling solution to swell the non-crosslinked polystyrene particles, so as to prepare an asymmetric dimer; S12, adjusting the surface charge of the asymmetric dimer to enable the surface of the asymmetric dimer to have positive charges; and S13, mixing the dimer with positive charges on the surface obtained in the step S12 with the noble metal nano-particles, adjusting the mixed solution to be acidic, and adding an organic solvent to remove the non-crosslinked polystyrene particles after fully mixing to obtain the micro-nano motor with the noble metal nano-particles modified on the outer surface.
8. A method of manufacturing a bubble driven micro-nanomotor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: (1) Mixing non-crosslinked polystyrene particles with a precursor solution of a main material, and obtaining symmetrical shell-core particles through in-situ polymerization; adding the symmetrical shell-core particles into a swelling solution to swell the non-crosslinked polystyrene particles, so as to prepare an asymmetric dimer; (2) The surface of the asymmetric dimer is modified to make the outer surface of the asymmetric dimer modified with an inert component, and an organic solvent is added to remove the non-crosslinked polystyrene particles to obtain a hollow micro-nano motor main body with the outer surface modified with the inert component; (3) Mixing the hollow micro-nano motor main body with the outer surface modified with the inert component with the noble metal nano particles, adjusting the mixed solution to be acidic, and fully mixing to obtain the micro-nano motor with the inner surface modified with the noble metal nano particles.
9. Use of a bubble driven micro-nanomotor according to claim 4, wherein said micro-nanomotor is used for the removal of organic contaminants when said noble metal nanoparticles are platinum metal nanoparticles.

Description

Bubble-driven micro-nano motor and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-nano motors, and particularly relates to a bubble driving micro-nano motor and a preparation method and application thereof. Background The micro-nano motor is a type of micro-nano device which converts energy provided by internal and external fields in the surrounding environment into self kinetic energy to show high-efficiency motion capability and can perform various tasks. Due to its unique autonomous motion capability and the micro-nano surface that can be modified, micro-nano motors can realize a range of applications such as environmental remediation, drug delivery, etc. As one of typical micro-nanomotors, a chemically driven micro-nanomotor is generally designed in an asymmetric form to generate bubble driving forces, i.e. to construct a highly asymmetric field around asymmetric particles to achieve bubble driving. Accordingly, an increasing number of people are working to develop asymmetric structures to make micro-nanomotors. Among the alternative materials for making asymmetric micro-nanomotors, polydopamine (PDA) is an attractive option. Moreover, researchers have demonstrated that PDAs can be used as a modifying component to encapsulate micro-nanomotors of other materials. And the PDA coating can be further used as a bridge, and other functional components are loaded on the surface of the PDA to modify the micro-nano motor by a simple method. Most reported PDA-based micro-nanomotors exhibit a spherical or other isotropic morphology, which limits the formation of an asymmetric field around the micro-nanomotor. Although different types of micro-nano motors have been developed through the prior art, the structural design of the current micro-nano motors is not flexible enough, the preparation flow is complex, the functionalization is single, and it is difficult to integrate functional components in a simple manner to perform various tasks. Thus, the preparation of asymmetric micro-nanomotors with design flexibility and multi-functional modification potential remains a significant challenge. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the above defects or improvements in the prior art, the present invention provides a bubble driven micro-nano motor and a method for preparing the same. The main body of the micro-nano motor is in a hollow form with a single opening, and one of the inner surface or the outer surface of the main body of the micro-nano motor is modified with noble metal nano particles with a catalytic function. Due to the asymmetric and hollow design of the main body form of the micro-nano motor, the precious metal nano particles can react with substrates in the environment to generate bubbles through directional modification of the precious metal nano particles on one surface, and an asymmetric field is formed around the micro-nano motor, so that the controllable movement of the micro-nano motor is realized. Furthermore, the micro-nano motor breaks the symmetry of the main body of the micro-nano motor especially through swelling of uncrosslinked polystyrene particles, and precious metal nano particles are selectively assembled on one surface of the main body of the micro-nano motor by means of protection of an interface by uncrosslinked polystyrene particle materials, so that the problems that the preparation process is complex, controllable driving cannot be regulated, single functionalization and the like in the prior art are solved. In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bubble driven micro-nano motor comprising a main body material and noble metal nanoparticles, wherein the main body material forms a main body of the micro-nano motor, the main body of the micro-nano motor has a hollow form with a single opening, and has an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein one of the inner surface or the outer surface of the main body is modified with the noble metal nanoparticles. Preferably, the hollow form with single opening is formed by swelling and removing the uncrosslinked polystyrene particles after the uncrosslinked polystyrene particles and the main body material form a shell-core particle structure, wherein the core of the shell-core particle is a polystyrene particle, and the shell of the shell-core particle is a main body material. Preferably, when the noble metal nanoparticles are modified on the inner surface of the main body, the inert component with the same charge as the noble metal nanoparticles is modified on the outer surface, and the inert component is silicon dioxide. Preferably, the noble metal nano-particles are platinum, silver or palladium metal nano-particles with the diameter of 18-24 nm, and preferably, the noble metal nano-particles are platinum metal nano-particles. Preferably, the host material is polydopamine, polydopamine or iron tannins. Prefer