CN-116972080-B - Hydraulic control jaw clutch four-wheel drive mechanism and working method

CN116972080BCN 116972080 BCN116972080 BCN 116972080BCN-116972080-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-wheel drive mechanism of a hydraulically controlled jaw clutch and a working method thereof, wherein the four-wheel drive mechanism comprises a sealed hydraulic cavity formed by a four-wheel drive piston and a hydraulic cylinder, a main oil way is externally connected with the hydraulic cavity, the main oil way is provided with a switch valve, oil is supplied to the hydraulic cavity when the switch valve is opened, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with an oil discharging hole, the oil discharging hole is communicated with the hydraulic cavity to discharge oil to a gearbox, trapezoid teeth capable of being meshed are respectively arranged on the end face of the four-wheel drive piston and the end face of a four-wheel drive output shaft, the four-wheel drive output shaft is connected with the transmission output shaft through a mandrel, and the mandrel and the transmission output shaft realize radial positioning constraint of the four-wheel drive output shaft through a cylindrical roller bearing. The four-drive piston is controlled by the hydraulic pressure, so that the four-drive piston and the four-drive output shaft are combined or separated, power switching between two drives and four drives is realized, and the self-centering function of the jaw clutch through the inclination angle of the end face of the tooth is realized by designing the tooth part structure of the jaw clutch, so that the functions of stable mechanism engagement, accurate limit and self-locking work are realized.

Inventors

ZHANG QISHUAI
Ma Xuyao
LIU YI
ZHENG ZEQI
FENG YONGMING
WANG KAIFENG
TAI GERUN
QUAN DONG
ZHAO LIANG

Assignees

陕西法士特齿轮有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20230711

Claims (10)

1. The four-wheel drive mechanism of the jaw clutch controlled by hydraulic pressure is characterized by comprising a four-wheel drive piston (1), a four-wheel drive output shaft (2), a hydraulic cylinder (3), a four-wheel drive output shaft seat (4), a return spring (5), a cylindrical roller bearing (7), a deep groove ball bearing (8), a mandrel (9), a transmission shell (11), a transmission output shaft (13) and bolts; One end of the transmission output shaft (13) is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder (3), the four-drive piston (1) is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder (3) and the transmission output shaft (13), the four-drive piston (1) and the hydraulic cylinder (3) form a sealed hydraulic cavity, the hydraulic cavity is externally connected with a main oil way, the main oil way is provided with a switch valve (16), when the switch valve (16) is opened, the main oil way supplies oil to the hydraulic cavity, the hydraulic cylinder (3) is provided with an oil discharging hole, the oil discharging hole is communicated with the hydraulic cavity and is used for discharging oil to the transmission, trapezoidal teeth capable of being meshed are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the four-drive piston (1) and the end surfaces of the four-drive output shaft (2), the four-drive output shaft (2) is connected with the transmission output shaft (13) through a mandrel (9), the mandrel (9) and the transmission output shaft (13) realize radial positioning constraint of the four-drive output shaft (2) through a cylindrical roller bearing (7), the return spring (5) is sleeved on the transmission output shaft (13), the return spring (5) is contacted with one end of the four-drive output shaft (2) through the four-drive shaft seat (4), the deep groove ball bearing (8) is arranged in an inner hole of the four-wheel-drive output shaft seat (4), the deep groove ball bearing (8) supports the four-wheel-drive output shaft (2) to rotate, and the bolts sequentially penetrate through the four-wheel-drive output shaft seat (4) and the hydraulic cylinder (3) to fix the hydraulic cylinder (3) at the rear end of the transmission shell (11).
2. The four-wheel drive mechanism for the hydraulically controlled dog clutch according to claim 1, wherein one end of the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) is provided with a stepped hole, the stepped hole is radially positioned in interference fit with one end of a mandrel (9), and the other end of the mandrel (9) is inserted into an inner hole of a transmission output shaft (13).
3. The four-wheel drive mechanism for the hydraulically controlled jaw clutch according to claim 2, wherein an output flange (10) is sleeved on the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), and a spline is arranged in the middle of the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) and meshed with the output flange (10) to transmit the output torque of the jaw clutch.
4. The four-wheel drive mechanism of the hydraulically controlled jaw clutch according to claim 3, wherein a stepped groove is arranged beside a spline of the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), an O-shaped ring is arranged in the stepped groove, and the O-shaped ring prevents lubricating oil entering the four-wheel drive mechanism from leaking to the outer side of a box body to form a drip fault; Radial small holes are formed in stepped grooves beside the spline of the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), and are communicated with stepped holes of the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) to play a role in exhausting during interference press-fitting.
5. The four-wheel drive mechanism of the hydraulically controlled jaw clutch according to claim 4 is characterized in that meshed trapezoid teeth are uniformly distributed on the end faces, which are in contact with the four-wheel drive piston (1) and the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), of the four-wheel drive piston (1) and the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), the inclination angles of the trapezoid teeth of the four-wheel drive piston (1) and the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) are designed to be 8 degrees, the four-wheel drive piston (1) and the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) are smoothly meshed under the condition of small rotation speed difference, a self-locking function is achieved by means of tooth side friction in the working process, tooth tops of the four-wheel drive piston (1) and the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) are propped against tooth roots of the four-wheel drive piston (1) when the four-wheel drive piston (1) are completely meshed, axial positioning is achieved, meanwhile, side gaps generated by the tooth working faces of the four-wheel drive piston (1) and the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) are 0.04mm, and the inclination angles of the trapezoid teeth of the four-wheel drive piston (1) in the same direction are 1.3 degrees.
6. The four-wheel drive mechanism for the hydraulically controlled dog clutch according to claim 5, wherein a spring circlip (15) is arranged between the return spring (5) and the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), and the spring circlip (15) fixes the axial movement of the return spring (5).
7. The four-wheel drive mechanism of the hydraulically controlled jaw clutch according to claim 6, wherein a rotary sealing ring (6) is arranged between the four-wheel drive piston (1) and the hydraulic cylinder (3), and the rotary sealing ring (6) is matched with the hydraulic cylinder (3) to ensure the tightness of a hydraulic system of the four-wheel drive mechanism.
8. The four-wheel drive mechanism of the hydraulically controlled jaw clutch according to claim 7, wherein the inner ring end surface of the deep groove ball bearing (8) is attached to the shaft shoulder of the four-wheel drive output shaft (2) to realize the axial positioning of the four-wheel drive output shaft (2).
9. The four-wheel drive mechanism for the hydraulically controlled dog clutch according to claim 8, wherein a tapered roller bearing (12) is arranged between the transmission output shaft (13) and the transmission housing (11), and the tapered roller bearing (12) is used for positioning constraint of the transmission output shaft (13) in the transmission housing (11).
10. A working method of a four-wheel drive mechanism of a hydraulically controlled dog clutch according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the steps that when a switch valve (16) is opened and an oil discharging hole is closed, hydraulic oil in a main oil way enters a hydraulic cavity formed by a four-wheel drive piston (1) and a hydraulic cylinder (3), the hydraulic oil pushes the four-wheel drive piston (1) to move in the hydraulic cavity to be combined with a four-wheel drive output shaft (2), a return spring (5) is compressed, when the four-wheel drive piston (1) is combined with the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), the transmission is changed into four-wheel drive from two wheels to increase driving capability, when the switch valve (16) is closed and the oil discharging hole is opened, the main oil way stops supplying oil to the hydraulic cavity, hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cavity is rapidly discharged into the transmission through the oil discharging hole, the return spring (5) resets, the four-wheel drive piston (1) is separated from the four-wheel drive output shaft (2), and power of the four-wheel drive mechanism is cut off to recover the two-wheel drive working state.

Description

Hydraulic control jaw clutch four-wheel drive mechanism and working method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of speed changers, and relates to a hydraulic control jaw clutch four-wheel drive mechanism and a working method thereof. Background The power requirements of the wheel loader, the cross-country crane, the fork lift and the like of the engineering machinery can be met by two-wheel driving under the conventional working condition, but the phenomenon of idle running of the driving wheels and insufficient grabbing force can be generated under the special working condition (such as sinking into a muddy road surface, climbing and fluctuating road surface). Therefore, a clutch four-wheel drive mechanism needs to be designed, two wheels are driven under the conventional working condition, four wheels are connected under the special working condition, and the four wheels are driven in real time, so that the clutch four-wheel drive mechanism has the function similar to a differential lock, helps a vehicle to get rid of poverty, and increases the trafficability and dynamic performance of a severe road surface of the vehicle. The clutch that can satisfy the above functions at present and is most commonly used is a wet friction plate clutch because the wet friction plate clutch has advantages of large transmission torque and smooth engagement and disengagement. However, wet clutches require a large enough friction area or a number of superimposed friction plates to achieve a high torque demand, which is a significant challenge for off-road work machine powertrains with limited layout space. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problem of conversion of four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive of a clutch under the condition of limited space in the prior art, and provides a hydraulic control jaw clutch four-wheel drive mechanism and a working method. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: A four-wheel drive mechanism of a hydraulically controlled jaw clutch comprises a four-wheel drive piston, a four-wheel drive output shaft, a hydraulic cylinder, a four-wheel drive output shaft seat, a return spring, a cylindrical roller bearing, a deep groove ball bearing, a mandrel, a transmission shell and a transmission output shaft; The four-wheel drive transmission comprises a transmission output shaft, a four-wheel drive piston, a four-wheel drive output shaft, a cylindrical roller bearing, a return spring, a four-wheel drive output shaft seat and a deep groove ball bearing, wherein one end of the transmission output shaft is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder, the four-wheel drive piston is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder and the transmission output shaft, the four-wheel drive piston and the hydraulic cylinder form a sealed hydraulic cavity, the hydraulic cavity is externally connected with a main oil way, the main oil way is provided with a switching valve, the main oil way supplies oil to the hydraulic cavity when the switching valve is opened, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with an oil discharging hole, the oil discharging hole is communicated with the hydraulic cavity and is used for discharging oil to the transmission, the four-wheel drive output shaft is respectively provided with trapezoid teeth capable of being meshed with the end face of the four-wheel drive output shaft, the four-wheel drive output shaft is connected with the transmission output shaft through the mandrel, the mandrel and the transmission output shaft realize radial positioning constraint of the four-wheel drive output shaft through the cylindrical roller bearing, one end of the return spring is sleeved on the transmission output shaft and the four-wheel drive output shaft, the four-wheel drive output shaft is sleeved with the four-wheel drive output shaft, the deep groove ball bearing is sleeved on the four-wheel drive output shaft, and the four-wheel drive output shaft is arranged on the rear end of the four-wheel drive output shaft and the four-wheel drive output shaft. The invention further improves that: further, one end of the four-wheel drive output shaft is provided with a stepped hole, the stepped hole is in interference fit with one end of the mandrel for radial positioning, and the other end of the mandrel is inserted into an inner hole of the transmission output shaft. Further, an output flange is sleeved on the four-wheel drive output shaft, and a spline is arranged at the middle part of the four-wheel drive output shaft and meshed with the output flange to transmit the output torque of the jaw clutch. Furthermore, a step groove is arranged beside a spline of the four-wheel drive output shaft, an O-shaped ring is arranged in the step groove, and lubricating oil entering the four-wheel drive mechanism is prevented from leaking to the outer side of the box body by the O-shaped ring to form a drip leakage fault; Radial s