CN-117089871-B - Electrolytic tank and bipolar plate

CN117089871BCN 117089871 BCN117089871 BCN 117089871BCN-117089871-B

Abstract

The invention provides an electrolytic tank and a bipolar plate, which belong to the technical field of electrolytic water, wherein the bipolar plate comprises a polar plate body, a fluid flow passage and a flow equalization passage, wherein the polar plate body is provided with an anode surface and a cathode surface, the anode surface is provided with at least one anode inlet, the fluid flow passage is positioned on the anode surface of the polar plate body and comprises at least one group of flow passage components arranged along a first direction, the flow passage components comprise at least one flow equalization passage arranged along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The flow channel is designed in a sectional manner, fluid can be redistributed through each flow channel component and the flow equalizing channels, and the flow channel components with large flow rate can be shunted through the flow equalizing channels of other flow channel components, so that the fluid homogenization arrangement is realized.

Inventors

LI QINGYU
ZHANG YUHANG
LI JIANGFEI
SHEN RONGAN
Peng Shanlong
Fang chuan
DING TIEXIN
Zhou baihui
Yuan dian

Assignees

北京亿华通科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20230922

Claims (7)

1.A bipolar plate, said bipolar plate comprising: The electrode plate body is provided with an anode surface and a cathode surface, and the anode surface is provided with at least one anode inlet; a fluid flow channel on the anode face of the plate body, the fluid flow channel comprising at least one set of flow channel components arranged along a first direction, the flow channel components comprising at least one flow equalizing channel arranged along a second direction; The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; The flow channel assembly comprises a first flow channel assembly and a second flow channel assembly, the first flow channel assembly is arranged at the anode inlet end and the anode outlet end of the bipolar plate, and the second flow channel assembly is positioned between the first flow channel assemblies at the anode inlet end and the anode outlet end; The first flow path assembly is distinct from the second flow path assembly; The first flow channel assembly comprises at least one first flow equalizing channel and at least one second flow equalizing channel which are communicated, and the second flow channel assembly comprises at least one second flow equalizing channel; the diameter of the first flow equalizing channel is larger than that of the second flow equalizing channel; The first flow equalizing channel at the inlet end of the anode and the second flow equalizing channel form a first step; the first flow equalizing channel at the outlet end of the anode and the second flow equalizing channel form a second step; an accommodating space is formed between the first step and the second step; the bipolar plate further comprises a flow buffer zone, wherein the flow buffer zone comprises a first buffer zone and a second buffer zone, the first buffer zone is positioned at the anode inlet end of the anode face of the bipolar plate, and the second buffer zone is positioned at the anode outlet end of the anode face of the bipolar plate; the fluid flow passage is located between the first buffer zone and the second buffer zone.
2. The bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the bipolar plate is further configured with an anode porous transport layer, the anode porous transport layer being positioned within the receiving space.
3. The bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the bipolar plate anode inlet end is provided with at least one fluid inlet and the bipolar plate anode outlet end is provided with at least one fluid outlet.
4. The bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the cathode face central region has a reaction zone; The cathode face has at least one cathode outlet, at least one of the cathode outlet fluid flow directions being perpendicular to the anode outlet fluid flow direction.
5. The bipolar plate of claim 1 further comprising a seal, wherein a first seal groove is circumferentially disposed on an anode face of the bipolar plate outside the fluid flow channel, a second seal groove is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the anode outlet and inlet ends, the second seal groove is adjacent the fluid flow channel, and the first seal groove is located outside the second seal groove; a third sealing groove is formed in the outer edge of the cathode surface of the bipolar plate along the circumferential direction; the seal is located in the first seal groove, the second seal groove and the third seal groove.
6. An electrolysis cell, comprising the bipolar plate of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a membrane electrode positioned between the bipolar plates.
7. The electrolyzer of claim 6 characterized in that the electrolyzer comprises a primary seal zone and a secondary seal zone; A first sealing groove is formed in the anode surface of the bipolar plate along the circumferential direction of the fluid flow channel, a second sealing groove is formed in the direction perpendicular to the outlet end and the inlet end of the anode, the second sealing groove is close to the fluid flow channel, and the first sealing groove is positioned outside the second sealing groove; a third sealing groove is formed in the outer edge of the cathode surface of the bipolar plate along the circumferential direction; the first sealing groove of the anode surface forms the primary sealing area, and the second sealing groove and the third sealing groove of the anode surface form the secondary sealing area.

Description

Electrolytic tank and bipolar plate Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolyzed water, and particularly relates to an electrolytic tank and a bipolar plate. Background With the rapid increase in clean energy demand, water electrolysis is increasingly attracting attention as an efficient, environmentally friendly energy conversion technology. Among them, a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is used as a key component for achieving the electrolytic hydrogen production of water. However, the existing PEM electrolysers have technical challenges in terms of bipolar plates and sealing structures, such as cross diffusion of gases, leakage of hydrogen, etc., which limit the efficiency, stability and safety of the electrolysers. As an electrochemical reaction site, research on material selection, conductivity, flow channel design and the like of the bipolar plate is mature gradually, but a more optimized solution is still needed. Meanwhile, innovation of sealing technology is also a hot spot for research to improve gas separation efficiency and prevent hydrogen leakage. The bipolar plate comprises a metal partition plate, a non-metal frame and a sealing ring, wherein the two sides of the metal partition plate are respectively provided with an oxygen side, a water side and a hydrogen side, a plurality of concentric raised circular rings are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the two sides of the metal partition plate, the non-metal frame is coated with the raised circular rings on the two sides of the metal partition plate, fluid passages and sealing grooves are arranged on the periphery of the two sides of the non-metal frame, umbrella-shaped structures are uniformly distributed in the sealing grooves, the umbrella-shaped structures are matched with the sealing ring embedded in the grooves, the non-metal frame is integrally injection molded on the metal partition plate, the sealing ring is secondarily injection molded in the non-metal frame groove, and the non-metal frame and the sealing ring are integrally vulcanized. The bipolar plate provided by the related technology has overlarge two-phase flow resistance, uneven gas-liquid two-phase distribution and easy formation of local hot spots to burn out the membrane electrode. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an electrolytic tank and a bipolar plate, which can solve the technical problems that the flow resistance of two phases of the bipolar plate is overlarge, the distribution of gas phase and liquid phase is uneven, and local hot spots are easy to form to burn a membrane electrode. The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: in one aspect, a bipolar plate is provided, the bipolar plate comprising: The electrode plate body is provided with an anode surface and a cathode surface, and the anode surface is provided with at least one anode inlet; a fluid flow channel on the anode face of the plate body, the fluid flow channel comprising at least one set of flow channel components arranged along a first direction, the flow channel components comprising at least one flow equalizing channel arranged along a second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. In an alternative embodiment, the bipolar plate further comprises a flow buffer zone comprising a first buffer zone and a second buffer zone, the first buffer zone being located at an anode inlet end of the anode face of the bipolar plate, the second buffer zone being located at an anode outlet end of the anode face of the bipolar plate; the fluid flow passage is located between the first buffer zone and the second buffer zone. In an alternative embodiment, the flow channel assembly comprises a first flow channel assembly and a second flow channel assembly, the first flow channel assembly is arranged at the anode inlet end and the anode outlet end of the bipolar plate, and the second flow channel assembly is positioned between the first flow channel assemblies at the anode inlet end and the anode outlet end; The first flow path assembly is distinguished from the second flow path assembly. In an alternative embodiment, the first flow path assembly includes at least one first flow equalization channel and at least one second flow equalization channel in communication, and the second flow path assembly includes at least one second flow equalization channel; the diameter of the first flow equalizing channel is larger than that of the second flow equalizing channel; The first flow equalizing channel at the inlet end of the anode and the second flow equalizing channel form a first step; the first flow equalizing channel at the outlet end of the anode and the second flow equalizing channel form a second step; an accommodating space is formed between the first step and the second step. In an alternative embodiment, the bipolar plate is further provided with an anode porous transport layer, which is positioned in the r