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CN-117103735-B - Preparation method of three-dimensional lattice structure of composite material

CN117103735BCN 117103735 BCN117103735 BCN 117103735BCN-117103735-B

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a three-dimensional lattice structure of a composite material, which comprises the following steps of braiding silicon carbide fibers to form silicon carbide fiber cloth, rolling the silicon carbide fiber cloth into rod-shaped lattice ribs, sewing joints of the lattice ribs by using carbon fibers, braiding the silicon carbide fibers to form a panel, forming positioning holes for installing the lattice ribs on the panel, clamping the lattice ribs in the positioning holes, sewing joints between the lattice ribs and the panel by using the carbon fibers to form a preform, placing the preform into a mold, injecting resin into the mold, wrapping the preform by the resin, heating the mold, cracking the resin to form a carbon matrix, impregnating the carbon matrix with molten silicon under a high-temperature vacuum environment, and reacting to form the silicon carbide matrix so as to form the three-dimensional lattice structure of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material. The three-dimensional lattice structure of the composite material prepared by the invention has excellent heat resistance and bearing performance.

Inventors

  • Tan Zinong

Assignees

  • 中国航空研究院

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20230912

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the three-dimensional lattice structure of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step one, weaving silicon carbide fibers by adopting a two-dimensional weaving method to form silicon carbide fiber cloth, rolling the silicon carbide fiber cloth into rod-shaped lattice ribs, and sewing joints of the lattice ribs by using carbon fibers; Step two, braiding silicon carbide fibers by adopting a three-dimensional braiding method to form a panel, wherein positioning holes for installing the lattice ribs are formed in the panel; Step three, clamping the lattice ribs in the positioning holes so that the lattice ribs are connected to the panel, and sewing seams between the lattice ribs and the panel preform by using carbon fibers to form a preform; Step four, placing the preform into a mould, injecting resin into the mould, wrapping the preform by the resin, and heating the mould to crack the resin to form a carbon matrix, wherein the panel comprises an upper panel and a lower panel which are oppositely arranged, and one side of the upper panel, which is away from the lattice ribs, is covered with a layer of high-temperature resistant panel; and fifthly, impregnating molten silicon into the carbon matrix in a vacuum environment with the temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ to react to generate the silicon carbide matrix.
  2. 2. The method for preparing a three-dimensional lattice structure of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature resistant panel is formed by selective laser cladding.
  3. 3. The method for preparing a three-dimensional lattice structure of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the positioning holes are round holes or elliptical holes.
  4. 4. The method for preparing a three-dimensional lattice structure of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the lattice ribs are hollow tubular.
  5. 5. The method for preparing a three-dimensional lattice structure of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the material of the high temperature resistant panel is tungsten or tantalum.
  6. 6. The method for preparing a three-dimensional lattice structure of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the molten silicon reacts with the carbon matrix by vacuum infiltration to form a silicon carbide matrix.
  7. 7. The method for preparing a three-dimensional lattice structure of composite materials according to claim 6, wherein the molten silicon reacts with the carbon matrix at 1500-1700 ℃ for 2h by vacuum infiltration process to produce silicon carbide matrix.

Description

Preparation method of three-dimensional lattice structure of composite material Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature resistant structures, in particular to a preparation method of a three-dimensional lattice structure of a composite material. Background The lattice structure is a space plate-rod structure with high porosity, high connectivity and low density, which is formed by repeatedly arranging microelements such as rod bodies, panels and the like according to a certain rule, and has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific rigidity, strong space designability and the like. Unlike low density porous structures such as non-periodic foam, the lattice structure is a porous structure with periodic rods as connecting units and communicated with space, and has lighter weight and designability. The three-dimensional lattice structure prepared by adopting the ceramic matrix composite material, the high-temperature resistant metal material or the mixture of the two materials has good bearing performance and heat insulation performance, and is an ideal structure and function integrated structure of a future high-speed aircraft. When the existing method is used for preparing the three-dimensional lattice structure, a split type method is generally adopted, and the connection between the panel and the rod body is realized through bolts. Disclosure of Invention First, the technical problem to be solved The invention aims to solve the technical problems that when the three-dimensional lattice structure is prepared, the bonding force between the panel and the rod body is lower, and the connection strength is not high. (II) technical scheme In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the three-dimensional lattice structure of the composite material comprises the following steps: Step one, weaving silicon carbide fibers by adopting a two-dimensional weaving method to form silicon carbide fiber cloth, rolling the silicon carbide fiber cloth into rod-shaped lattice ribs, and sewing joints of the lattice ribs by using carbon fibers; Step two, braiding silicon carbide fibers by adopting a three-dimensional braiding method to form an upper panel and a lower panel, wherein positioning holes for installing the lattice ribs are formed in the upper panel and the lower panel; Step three, clamping the lattice ribs in the positioning holes so that the lattice ribs are connected to the panel, and sewing seams between the lattice ribs and the panel preform by using carbon fibers to form a preform; Step four, placing the preform into a mould, injecting resin into the mould, wrapping the preform by the resin, and heating the mould to crack the resin to form a carbon matrix; and fifthly, impregnating molten silicon into the carbon matrix in a vacuum environment with the temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ to react to generate a silicon carbide matrix so as to form the three-dimensional lattice structure of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material. Preferably, the panel comprises an upper panel and a lower panel which are oppositely arranged, and before the fifth step, a layer of high temperature resistant panel is covered on one side of the upper panel, which is away from the lattice ribs; preferably, the high temperature resistant panel is formed by selective laser cladding. Preferably, the positioning hole is a round hole or an elliptical hole. Preferably, the lattice ribs are cylindrical or hollow tubular. Preferably, the material of the high temperature resistant panel is tungsten or tantalum. Preferably, the molten silicon reacts with the carbon matrix for 2 hours at a temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ through a vacuum infiltration process to generate the silicon carbide matrix. Drawings Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional lattice structure of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: 1. lattice ribs, 11 joints, 2, an upper panel, 3a lower panel and 4 positioning holes. (III) beneficial effects The technical scheme of the invention has at least the following advantages: 1. The silicon carbide fiber has higher temperature resistance and strength, and the integral skeleton of the three-dimensional lattice structure is formed by weaving the silicon carbide fiber, so that the integral bearing performance of the three-dimensional lattice structure can be improved. And heating and cracking the resin to form a carbon matrix, and reacting the molten silicon with the carbon matrix to form a silicon carbide matrix, so as to prepare the silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite three-dimensional lattice structure reinforced by the silicon carbide fibers. The three-dimensional lattice structure of the silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite material prepared by the method has relatively good bearing performance and heat insulation p