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CN-117136972-B - Application of marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in aspect of preventing and treating fruit rust

CN117136972BCN 117136972 BCN117136972 BCN 117136972BCN-117136972-B

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of a marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in the aspect of preventing and treating fruit rust. The composite preparation comprises 15-20 parts of marigold stem and leaf extract, 0.1-0.5 part of melatonin, 0.2-1.2 parts of zinc glycinate, 0.01-0.05 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.03-0.08 part of organic fluorine auxiliary agent and 70-85 parts of water. The marigold stem and leaf extract which is a main component in the composite preparation is obtained by combining enzymolysis, water extraction and dimethyl sulfoxide ultrasonic extraction, and meanwhile, a plurality of nutrient elements required by fruit growth are added into the composite preparation, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and an organic fluorine auxiliary agent are used as dispersing agents and wetting agents to improve the spreadability of the composite preparation. The invention creatively applies the marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in the aspect of fruit rust prevention, has simple preparation method, environmental protection and low raw material cost, fully develops the utilization way of the marigold stem and leaf, and provides a new method for green fruit rust prevention.

Inventors

  • CHANG DAYONG
  • ZHANG ZAIHUA
  • LIAO JUNYAN

Assignees

  • 烟台凯多海洋生物研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20230831

Claims (4)

  1. 1. The application of the marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in the aspect of fruit rust prevention is characterized in that the marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation is applied to apple, grape and pear fruit rust prevention; The preparation method of the marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation comprises the following process steps: Step one, drying marigold stems and leaves at low temperature, crushing and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain marigold stem and leaf powder; Uniformly mixing marigold stem and leaf powder with water according to a ratio of 1:40-1:50, and adding cellulase accounting for 0.02-0.05% of the weight of the powder for enzymolysis to obtain enzymolysis liquid; Heating and leaching the marigold stem and leaf enzymatic hydrolysate in the second step at 70-80 ℃ for 1.5-2.5 h, filtering by a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.5-1.0 mu m, adding dimethyl sulfoxide into the filter residue again, ultrasonically extracting for 1-1.5 h, and filtering; Combining the filtrates obtained by the two extractions, and concentrating in vacuum to obtain a marigold stem and leaf extract; And fifthly, taking 15-20 parts of marigold stem and leaf extract, 0.1-0.5 part of melatonin, 0.2-1.2 parts of zinc glycinate and 70-85 parts of water, uniformly mixing, and subpackaging to obtain the marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation for preventing and treating fruit rust.
  2. 2. The application of the marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in the aspect of fruit rust prevention and treatment according to claim 1, wherein the adding amount of dimethyl She Feng in the step three is 10-15 times of the weight of filter residues, the ultrasonic extraction power is 350-400W, and the extraction temperature is 65-75 ℃.
  3. 3. The application of the marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in the aspect of fruit rust prevention and treatment according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the vacuum concentration temperature is 50-65 ℃, the concentration time is 1-2 h, and the concentration time is 1/4-1/3 of the volume of an original solution.
  4. 4. The application of a marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in the aspect of fruit rust prevention and treatment according to claim 1, wherein the composite preparation is diluted by 100-300 times and sprayed on leaf surfaces for 2-3 times before bagging after flowering and flower-reducing respectively.

Description

Application of marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in aspect of preventing and treating fruit rust Technical Field The invention relates to the field of fruit rust prevention and treatment, in particular to application of a marigold stem and leaf extract composite preparation in the aspect of fruit rust prevention and treatment. Background Fruit rust is mainly a physiological disease of fruits caused by bad external conditions, namely, under the stimulation of external bad factors, the cuticle generates tiny cracks or star points to crack and expose subcutaneous cells to generate wood plug cambium, thus forming wood plug cambium, and finally, the surfaces of the fruits are provided with rust-like substances similar to metals, namely, fruit rust. Fruit rust mainly occurs after young fruit fuzz is shed, a waxy cuticle is not formed yet, is sensitive to external conditions and is most easy to occur, and fruit rust mainly occurs after the 1 st time of fruit rust occurs, and the 2 nd time of fruit rust is in the fruit expansion period, cells in the fruit are divided and the cells in the expansion period are rapidly expanded, and wood plug is formed after epidermal cells are subjected to bad stimulus to become fruit rust. Fruit rust is a physiological disease, mainly including frozen rust, water rust, medicine rust and the like. The frozen rust is mainly low-temperature frozen injury in the young fruit stage, so that the hair of skin cells of the young fruit just falls off or is not completely fallen off, the subcutaneous cells are damaged by freezing, the development is stopped or the development speed is slightly slower than that of pulp cells, frozen rust is formed in the later stage, the water rust mostly occurs in rainy season, rainwater on the fruit surface after rain can not evaporate in time, the rain water stays on the stem depression or the fruit surface for a long time, the subcutaneous cells are damaged, the water rust occurs, the medicine rust is brown, irregular strips or blocks are formed by a plurality of small particles, the hand feeling is rough, improper operations such as bagging and the like can be initiated or aggravated under the conditions that the pesticide dosage form is selected improperly, the pesticide concentration is too high, spray particles are large, and the residual liquid medicine on the fruit surface is not dried, so that the production operation must be strictly standardized to reduce the occurrence of the fruit rust. At present, the prevention and treatment of the pesticide take an important role in preventing and treating fruit rust, has obvious effect in agriculture, is deeply favored by fruit growers, such as pesticide preparations of triazolone, myclobutanil, benzoyl urea and the like, and plant regulators of gibberellin, carbendazim and the like, but the chemical preparations have certain toxicity, pollute the environment after long-term use, and the pesticide remains on the surfaces of fruits to cause serious threat to food safety. Tagetes, commonly known as Hibiscus sabdariffa, marigold, cellular flos Chrysanthemi, etc., are annual herbaceous plants of Tagetes genus of Compositae family, are native to America, are easy to cultivate, and are currently widely cultivated in China. The flos Tagetis Erectae ornamental plant can flower in summer and autumn, has yellow or orange color and fragrance, and can be used as aromatic agent, or made into tea as health beverage. The marigold stem and leaf mainly contains substances such as borneol, coumarin, rutin and other flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, polysaccharide, amino acid, vitamins and the like, and has various biological activities such as antibiosis, bacteriostasis, insect resistance and the like. The article "influence of different application time of marigold stem crude extracts on tobacco root knot nematode disease, soil chemical property and flue-cured tobacco production quality", yang Lingyu, sang Yinghua, xu Junju and the like, jiangxi agricultural journal, 2022,34 (11), 23-28. The above article discloses that the ethanol extract of marigold stems is prepared into a certain concentration to have an effect of preventing and controlling root knot nematodes and an effect of the ethanol extract on the yield of flue-cured tobacco, and relates to the ethanol extraction method, and the aspect of preventing and controlling fruit rust is not related. The article "research on the chemosensory effect of marigold extract on germination and seedling growth of two vegetable seeds", qu Wenping, wang Pengfei, liu Changming, shandong chemical industry, 2022,51 (1), 44-47. The above article discloses the effect of the extractive solution obtained by ultrasonic extraction of marigold root, stem, leaf and flower with distilled water at normal temperature on seed germination and seedling, and relates to only one extraction solvent extraction method, but not to the aspect of fruit rust prevention. The article "preparatio