CN-117483405-B - Heat treatment device and method for recycling photovoltaic module

CN117483405BCN 117483405 BCN117483405 BCN 117483405BCN-117483405-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat treatment device and a heat treatment method for recycling a photovoltaic module, which belong to the field of recycling of photovoltaic modules and comprise a heat treatment room, a vibrating platform, a lifting mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a fixing seat, wherein the photovoltaic module can be placed on the fixing seat, the heat treatment room can heat the area where the fixing seat is located, and the heating temperature of the heat treatment room can enable an EVA adhesive film to be changed into solid jelly; the adsorption mechanism can adsorb the glass layer or the backboard of the photovoltaic module and drive the glass layer or the backboard to move upwards. The EVA adhesive film in the photovoltaic module is adjusted to be solid jelly glue by utilizing low temperature, and the vibration platform enables violent relative motion to be generated between the battery plate and the backboard and between the battery plate and the glass layer so as to break the EVA adhesive film in the middle, so that the disassembly of the glass layer, the battery plate and the backboard is realized, and after the disassembly, the EVA adhesive film remained on the glass layer, the battery plate and the backboard is removed through a high-pressure blowing mechanism, so that the EVA adhesive film is insoluble and harmful gas is not generated in the whole process.

Inventors

CHEN ZHIJUN
XU XINGXING
SU CHUNYANG
ZHOU JINFENG
TAN SHUANG
Huang Chenru
WANG FEN
GONG LUTAO
CAI WENWEN
WANG JIANMING
ZHANG KANGPING
JIE LEI
LIU WANGLI
LI JIADONG
LIU JUN
LIU YONG
SONG DENGYUAN

Assignees

一道新能源科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20231114

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic module recovery handles and uses heat treatment device which characterized in that includes: A heat treatment room; A vibration platform (1), wherein the vibration platform (1) is arranged in the heat treatment room, and the vibration platform (1) can vibrate in the X-axis and/or Y-axis directions; the lifting mechanism is arranged on the vibration platform (1); the clamping mechanism is arranged on the lifting mechanism; The photovoltaic module can be placed on the fixing seat (2), the outer edge of the fixing seat (2) is smaller than that of the photovoltaic module, the clamping mechanism can clamp the backboard (6) and the battery board (4) of the photovoltaic module, or the clamping mechanism can clamp the battery board (4) of the photovoltaic module, the heat treatment room can heat the area where the fixing seat (2) is located, and the heating temperature of the heat treatment room can enable the EVA adhesive film (5) to be changed into solid jelly; the adsorption mechanism is fixedly arranged above the fixing seat (2) and fixedly connected with the heat treatment room, and can adsorb the glass layer (3) or the backboard (6) of the photovoltaic module and drive the glass layer (3) or the backboard (6) to move upwards; the high-pressure air blowing mechanism is provided with a universal air outlet end, and the universal air outlet end can face the fixing seat (2) and the area between the fixing seat (2) and the adsorption mechanism; the lifting mechanism comprises: The first telescopic motor (7) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the vibration platform (1), and a telescopic rod of the first telescopic motor (7) is vertically upwards arranged; The lifting plate (8) is fixedly arranged on the telescopic rod of the first telescopic motor (7); the clamping mechanism comprises: The second telescopic motor (9) is fixedly arranged on the lifting plate (8), and a telescopic rod of the second telescopic motor (9) faces the fixed seat (2); The clamping plate (10) is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod of the second telescopic motor (9), and two groups of the first telescopic motor (7), the lifting plate (8), the second telescopic motor (9) and the clamping plate (10) are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the fixed seat (2); The heat treatment room includes: A house body; The heating column (11), heating column (11) set up in the room body and with vibrating platform (1) adjacent setting, heating column (11) are provided with a plurality of apopores through inside and outside surface, heating column (11) and heating fan intercommunication or be provided with heating fan in heating column (11).
2. The heat treatment device for recycling process of photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption mechanism comprises: The top plate (12), the top plate (12) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the heating column (11); the third telescopic motor (13), the third telescopic motor (13) with roof (12) fixed connection, the telescopic link of third telescopic motor (13) downwardly extending and with sucking disc (14) fixed connection, sucking disc (14) with fixing base (2) is corresponding and can adsorb glass layer (3) or backplate (6).
3. The heat treatment device for recycling process of photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein the high-pressure blowing mechanism comprises: The high-pressure air pump (15), the air outlet of the high-pressure air pump (15) is communicated with a hose (16), and a spray gun (17) is arranged at the end of the hose (16); the universal manipulator (18), spray gun (17) are fixed to be set up on universal manipulator (18), universal manipulator (18) can with spray gun (17) orientation fixing base (2) and fixing base (2) with the region between the adsorption equipment.
4. A heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules, characterized by applying the heat treatment device for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 3, comprising the steps of: S1, horizontally placing the photovoltaic module with the frame and the junction box removed on a fixed seat (2), and adjusting a lifting mechanism to enable a clamping mechanism to correspond to a backboard (6) and a battery board (4) of the photovoltaic module; S2, fixing the photovoltaic module by using a clamping mechanism; s3, adsorbing a glass layer (3) of the photovoltaic module by using an adsorption mechanism; s4, heating the area where the fixing seat (2) is located by the heat treatment room and enabling the EVA adhesive film (5) to become solid jelly; S5, starting a vibration platform (1), wherein the vibration platform (1) drives the clamping mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the fixing seat (2) and the photovoltaic module to synchronously move in the X-axis and/or Y-axis directions, and the adsorption mechanism pulls the glass layer (3) upwards until an EVA adhesive film (5) between the battery plate (4) and the glass layer (3) is broken; S6, continuously pulling the glass layer (3) upwards, and blowing off the EVA adhesive film (5) adhered to the lower surface of the glass layer (3) and the battery plate (4) by using a high-pressure blowing mechanism; S7, turning over the rest part of the photovoltaic module, enabling the backboard (6) to face upwards, adjusting the lifting mechanism to enable the clamping mechanism to correspond to the battery board (4), and fixing the rest part of the photovoltaic module by utilizing the clamping mechanism; s8, adsorbing the backboard (6) by using an adsorption mechanism; S9, starting a vibration platform (1), wherein the vibration platform (1) drives the clamping mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the fixing seat (2) and the rest part of the photovoltaic module to synchronously move in the X-axis and/or Y-axis directions, and simultaneously the adsorption mechanism pulls the backboard (6) upwards until the EVA adhesive film (5) between the battery board (4) and the backboard (6) is broken; And S10, continuously pulling the backboard (6) upwards, blowing down the EVA adhesive film (5) adhered to the lower surface of the backboard (6) and the battery board (4) by using a high-pressure blowing mechanism, and respectively recovering the glass layer (3), the battery board (4) and the backboard (6).
5. The heat treatment method for recycling of photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, wherein in step S5 and step S9, the vibration table (1) is moved at regular intervals in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction or is moved irregularly in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
6. The heat treatment method for recycling the photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment room heats the area where the fixing seat (2) is located to 73-78 ℃.
7. The heat treatment method for recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, wherein the wind pressure of the high-pressure blowing mechanism is 8.5-8.9MPa.

Description

Heat treatment device and method for recycling photovoltaic module Technical Field The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module recovery, in particular to a heat treatment device and a heat treatment method for photovoltaic module recovery treatment. Background The internationally recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules generally comprises the following treatment links of 1) disassembly and transportation, namely, disassembly and transportation of the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules to a recycling mechanism. 2) Disassembling, namely disassembling an aluminum frame and a junction box of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic module. 3) The separated and disassembled crystalline silicon photovoltaic module is a laminated piece composed of front glass, a solar cell, a back plate (or back glass) and EVA, and the separation of the laminated piece to sort out valuable materials is the most critical step in the module recycling technology, and relates to the recycling effect and benefit of the module. 4) The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of recycling, conveying different materials to corresponding industries for recycling, for example, conveying glass to glass manufacturing industry after glass is recycled, conveying an aluminum frame to an aluminum refinery, conveying waste plastics to a cement plant as fuel, conveying silicon to a noble metal manufacturing plant, and conveying the rest junction box cables and joints to a copper product plant for recycling after crushing and copper extraction. At present, the recovery modes of the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be divided into 3 modes of a heat treatment method, a chemical dissolution method and a physical separation method according to different separation modes of laminated pieces. The heat treatment process is classified into a low temperature heat treatment process and a high temperature heat treatment process. The low-temperature heat treatment method is to utilize the characteristic that EVA is gradually softened after being heated, and the EVA is softened by heating the laminated piece, so that the separation of the front glass, the solar cell and the back plate (or back glass) in the laminated piece is realized. In the prior art, the heating apparatus is usually a fluidized bed reactor, and a radio frequency electric heating plate or an infrared heater is also used. Although the low temperature heat treatment process is simple and practical, EVA may not be removed thoroughly, and there are often small amounts of residue on the surfaces of glass and solar cells. The high temperature heat treatment method is to remove EVA by utilizing the characteristic that EVA is gradually decomposed at high temperature. At present, the high-temperature heat treatment method is mainly divided into an anaerobic high-temperature heat treatment method and an aerobic high-temperature heat treatment method, and the EVA removal rate is over 99% when the 2 treatment methods are adopted. However, in the high temperature heat treatment process, energy consumption is high, and some harmful gas is generated. For solving the technical problem, patent application CN115634911a discloses a heat treatment device for recovery treatment of a photovoltaic module, in which a movable partition sheet is arranged, the lower end of the partition sheet is provided with an exhaust hole, hot air is discharged through the exhaust hole, the temperature of the hot air is controlled to be 220-240 ℃, after EVA is heated, the EVA expands and slowly melts, along with the downward movement of the partition sheet, the EVA melts and flows down from top to bottom, high-speed hot air sweeps the glass plate and the silicon plate in sequence, so that the EVA can be effectively blown away, and residues are avoided. In the above patent application, although no high temperature heating device is adopted, the temperature of hot air is far higher than the melting temperature of EVA, and EVA still generates harmful gas under the blowing of high temperature hot air, which does not fundamentally solve the problem. In addition, the thickness of the EVA film after lamination is only about 1mm (referring to the EVA film between the glass layer and the panel or the EVA film between the panel and the back plate), even if the thickness of thermal expansion is not more than 2mm, it is obviously not practical to insert a separator capable of discharging hot air under such thickness conditions. In view of this, how to provide a heat treatment device for recycling photovoltaic modules, which can efficiently remove EVA at low temperature and avoid the generation of harmful gases, is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a heat treatment device for recycling photovoltaic modules, which solves the problems in the prior art, can realize the low-tempera