CN-117505483-B - Separating device for cutting and separating photovoltaic modules and separating method thereof

CN117505483BCN 117505483 BCN117505483 BCN 117505483BCN-117505483-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic recovery, in particular to a separating device and a separating method for cutting and separating a photovoltaic module, comprising a workbench and also comprising a cutting steel wire, wherein the cutting steel wire is arranged on a conveying path of the photovoltaic module, a heating module for heating the cutting steel wire is arranged on the workbench, the cutting steel wires are connected end to end and form a closed loop annular structure, the cutting steel wire is rotatably arranged on the workbench, when the photovoltaic module to be separated is conveyed to the cutting steel wire through an input mechanism in use, the cutting steel wire is driven to rotate by a first driving mechanism to realize cutting and separating of the photovoltaic module, so that the residual of EVA materials on the photovoltaic module is reduced, the cutting efficiency is improved, the problems that only partial materials can be recovered by adopting a physical separating method, the full resource utilization is difficult to realize, waste liquid is generated in the treatment process of a chemical separating method, the subsequent treatment is required, and the complexity of environmental management is increased are solved.

Inventors

ZHU KEHAN
WANG WEI
SUN TAO
DING JIANNING
Zhuang Huliang

Assignees

常州大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20231130

Claims (6)

1. The separating device for cutting and separating the photovoltaic modules comprises a workbench (1), and is characterized by further comprising a cutting steel wire (2), wherein the cutting steel wire (2) is arranged on a conveying path of the photovoltaic modules, a heating module (3) for heating the cutting steel wire (2) is arranged on the workbench (1), the cutting steel wire (2) is connected end to end and forms a closed loop type structure, the cutting steel wire (2) is rotatably arranged on the workbench (1), a first driving mechanism for driving the cutting steel wire (2) to rotate is arranged on the workbench (1), cutting of the photovoltaic modules and uniform heating of the heating module (3) on the steel wire are realized, an input mechanism for inputting the photovoltaic modules to be separated and an output mechanism for outputting the separated photovoltaic modules are arranged on the workbench (1), and the cutting steel wire (2) is arranged between the input mechanism and the output mechanism; The novel cutting machine is characterized in that a tensioning mechanism for adjusting the tension of the cutting steel wire (2) is arranged on the workbench (1), the tensioning mechanism comprises a first upright post (4), a second upright post (5) and a screw rod (6), a sliding rail (7) is arranged on the workbench (1) along the direction of the cutting steel wire (2), the first upright post (4) and the second upright post (5) are arranged on the sliding rail (7) in a sliding manner, the screw rod (6) is rotatably arranged in the sliding rail (7), two sections of threaded sections with opposite rotation directions are arranged on the screw rod (6), the first upright post (4) and the second upright post (5) are respectively connected to two sections of threaded sections with opposite rotation directions of the screw rod (6) in a threaded manner, one end of the cutting steel wire (2) is rotatably arranged on the first upright post (4), and the other end of the cutting steel wire (2) is rotatably arranged on the second upright post (5). The first upright post (4) and the second upright post (5) are respectively provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the interval between the cutting steel wire (2) and the workbench (1); The input mechanism comprises a first guide wheel (15) group and a second guide wheel (16) group, wherein the first guide wheel (15) group comprises a plurality of first guide wheels (15) and is arranged on one side of the workbench (1) at intervals along the conveying direction of the photovoltaic module, the second guide wheel (16) group comprises a plurality of second guide wheels (16) and is arranged on the other side of the workbench (1) at intervals along the conveying direction of the photovoltaic module, a conveying channel for conveying the photovoltaic module is formed between the first guide wheels (15) and the second guide wheels (16), and a second driving mechanism for driving the first guide wheel (15) group and the second guide wheels (16) to rotate relatively is arranged on the workbench (1); The workbench (1) is provided with a control mechanism for controlling the second guide wheel (16) group to approach or be far away from the first guide wheel (15); The control mechanism comprises a control rod (17), a fixed plate (18) and a control motor (19), wherein the second guide wheel (16) is rotationally arranged on the fixed plate (18), one end of the control rod (17) is rotationally arranged on the fixed plate (18), the other end of the control rod (17) is in threaded connection with the workbench (1), the control motor (19) is fixedly arranged on the workbench (1), a second spline shaft (20) is connected to the output end of the control motor (19) in a transmission manner, the first guide wheel (15) is in transmission connection with the second spline shaft (20) through a bevel gear group, a large bevel gear is coaxially arranged on the second guide wheel (16) of the second guide wheel (16), a small bevel gear is rotationally arranged on the fixed plate (18), and is meshed with the large bevel gear and the small bevel gear in a sliding manner and is arranged on the second spline shaft (20) to realize mutual spline connection.
2. The separating device for cutting and separating the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a screw rod (8) and a nut (9), sliding ways (10) matched with the nut (9) are arranged on the first upright (4) and the second upright (5), the nut (9) is slidably arranged in the sliding ways (10), the screw rod (8) is rotatably arranged in the sliding ways (10) and is in threaded connection with the nut (9), and two ends of the cutting steel wire (2) are rotatably arranged on the nut (9) of the first upright (4) and the nut (9) of the second upright (5) respectively.
3. The separating device for cutting and separating the photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein the nut (9) is rotatably provided with a roller (11), and the cutting steel wire (2) winds around the roller (11).
4. The separating device for cutting and separating the photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein the first driving mechanism comprises a driving motor (12), a first spline shaft (13) and a spline guide sleeve (14), the driving motor (12) is fixedly arranged on the workbench (1), one end of the first spline shaft (13) is in transmission connection with the output of the driving motor (12), the spline guide sleeve (14) is slidably arranged at the other end of the first spline shaft (13) and realizes spline connection of the first spline shaft and the spline guide sleeve, and the spline guide sleeve (14) and the roller (11) on one of the first upright (4) and the second upright (5) are mutually fixed and coaxially arranged.
5. The separating device for cutting and separating photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, wherein the output mechanism comprises a conveyor belt (21) rotatably mounted on a workbench (1), and a third driving mechanism for driving the conveyor belt (21) to rotate is arranged on the workbench (1).
6. A method of using the separating device for dicing and separating a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: S1, adjusting the distance between a first guide wheel (15) group and a second guide wheel (16) group to a required distance through a control rod (17) according to the width size of the photovoltaic module to be separated; S2, adjusting the distance between the cutting steel wire (2) and the workbench (1) to a required distance through an adjusting mechanism according to the height size of the photovoltaic module to be separated; S3, controlling a tensioning mechanism, and adjusting the cutting steel wire (2) to a required tensioning degree; S4, starting a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, a third driving mechanism and a heating component (3), wherein the heating component (3) heats the ropes of the cutting steel wires (2) to a required temperature, the photovoltaic components to be separated are placed in a conveying channel of a workbench (1), the photovoltaic components to be separated are conveyed to the cutting steel wires (2) through a first guide wheel (15) group and a second guide wheel (16) group, and the cutting steel wires (2) rotate and cut and separate the conveyed photovoltaic components; and S5, outputting the separated photovoltaic module by the output mechanism.

Description

Separating device for cutting and separating photovoltaic modules and separating method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic recovery, in particular to a separating device and a separating method for cutting and separating a photovoltaic module. Background With the increasing global demand for clean energy, solar power generation has become one of the most popular and widely used renewable energy sources. However, as the service life of the photovoltaic modules gradually ends or fails, the number of these discarded or failed photovoltaic modules continues to increase, creating a certain pressure on the environment and resources. Without recycling and reuse, these photovoltaic modules can be disposed of directly, resulting in significant waste and environmental pollution. At present, a plurality of main-stream photovoltaic module recycling methods are available, including a physical treatment method and a chemical treatment method, and in the aspect of physical treatment, one of common methods is a crushing method, namely, crushing the photovoltaic module through a mechanical device. Another method is a heat treatment method, in which the adhesive film and the organic material in the photovoltaic module are decomposed by high temperature treatment. However, these methods often only allow for partial material recovery, making full resource utilization difficult. Among the chemical treatment methods, organic solvent dissolution methods and inorganic acid dissolution methods are widely used. The organic solvent dissolution method utilizes an organic solvent to dissolve organic materials in the photovoltaic module, thereby realizing the recovery of partial materials. The inorganic acid dissolution method is to use strong acid to dissolve inorganic materials in the photovoltaic module. However, these methods generate waste solutions during the treatment process, and require subsequent treatments, which increase the complexity of environmental management. In addition, there is a common treatment method that uses a hot knife method to treat the photovoltaic panel. The method cuts the photovoltaic panel apart by heating the blade, thereby separating out the valuable components. However, this method can usually only be performed with a single cut, and it is difficult to completely remove the EVA film in the photovoltaic panel, resulting in a high residue problem. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing photovoltaic module adopts a physical separation method, only partial materials can be recycled, complete resource utilization is difficult to realize, waste liquid is generated in the treatment process by a chemical separation method, subsequent treatment is needed, and the complexity of environmental management is increased. The technical scheme includes that the separating device for cutting and separating the photovoltaic modules comprises a workbench and also comprises cutting steel wires, wherein the cutting steel wires are arranged on a conveying path of the photovoltaic modules, heating modules for heating the cutting steel wires are arranged on the workbench, the cutting steel wires are connected end to end and form a closed loop-shaped structure, the cutting steel wires are rotatably arranged on the workbench, a first driving mechanism for driving the cutting steel wires to rotate is arranged on the workbench, cutting of the photovoltaic modules and uniform heating of the heating modules on the steel wires are realized, an input mechanism for inputting the photovoltaic modules to be separated and an output mechanism for outputting the separated photovoltaic modules are arranged on the workbench, and the cutting steel wires are arranged between the input mechanism and the output mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module to be separated is conveyed to the cutting steel wire through the input mechanism, the cutting steel wire is driven by the first driving mechanism to rotate, the photovoltaic module is cut and separated, EVA material residues on the photovoltaic module are reduced, and cutting efficiency is improved. The workbench is fixedly supported by the aluminum profile frame, a heating rod is arranged in the workbench and is positioned at the input mechanism, and the heating rod can preheat the photovoltaic module; in order to ensure that the cutting of the cutting wire is stable and reliable, a tensioning mechanism for adjusting the tension of the cutting wire is arranged on the workbench in a preferred embodiment; the tensioning mechanism comprises a first upright, a second upright and a screw rod, wherein a slide rail is arranged on the workbench along the direction of the cutting steel wire, the first upright and the second upright are arranged on the slide rail in a relative sliding manner, the screw rod is rotatably arranged in the slide rail, the screw rod is provided with two