Search

CN-117655349-B - Method for manufacturing beryllium aluminum alloy by laser additive and obtained beryllium aluminum alloy

CN117655349BCN 117655349 BCN117655349 BCN 117655349BCN-117655349-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a beryllium aluminum alloy by laser additive and the obtained beryllium aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps of A, respectively weighing pure beryllium powder with purity not lower than 97wt% and pure aluminum powder with purity not lower than 99.5%, mixing according to the mass ratio of 60-65:35-40 of beryllium to obtain uniformly mixed beryllium aluminum mixed powder, B, taking the beryllium aluminum mixed powder as a powder feeding material, and adopting a laser additive manufacturing process to print the beryllium aluminum mixed powder in a 3D mode to form the beryllium aluminum mixed powder. The beryllium aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has compact metallurgical structure characteristics, the hardness of the beryllium aluminum alloy is 75-85HV, the tensile strength is 160-180MPa, the intensity and toughness are higher, the adopted improved laser additive manufacturing process has the advantages of high material utilization rate, low production cost, short manufacturing period and the like, and the defects of the original laser additive manufacturing process are overcome.

Inventors

  • XU QINGDONG
  • YANG LEI
  • SU BIN
  • WEI YIYUN
  • WANG SHUGANG
  • SHI TAO
  • LI MINGXING
  • ZHANG PENGCHENG

Assignees

  • 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20231205

Claims (9)

  1. 1. A method for manufacturing beryllium-aluminum alloy by laser additive, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: A. respectively weighing pure beryllium powder with purity not lower than 97wt% and pure aluminum powder with purity not lower than 99.5%, and mixing according to the mass ratio of beryllium to aluminum of 60-65:35-40 to obtain uniformly mixed beryllium to aluminum mixed powder; B. The method is characterized in that the beryllium-aluminum mixed powder is used as a powder feeding material, and the beryllium-aluminum mixed powder is subjected to 3D printing and forming by adopting a laser additive manufacturing process, wherein parameters of the laser additive manufacturing process are set to be 800-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 300-600mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 2-5g/min, the lap joint rate is 60%, the Z-axis lifting amount is 0.1-0.5mm, the whole 3D printing process is performed under the protection of low-humidity low-oxygen argon, and the low-humidity low-oxygen refers to that the water-oxygen content is lower than 10ppm.
  2. 2. The method for manufacturing beryllium-aluminum alloy by laser additive according to claim 1, wherein the pure beryllium powder comprises, by mass, 0.35-0.45% of Al, 0.50-0.52% of Fe, 0.05-0.1% of Mg, 0.2-0.3% of Mn, 0.05-0.1% of Si, 1.0-1.5% of O and the balance Be.
  3. 3. The method for manufacturing beryllium-aluminum alloy by laser additive as set forth in claim 2, wherein the pure aluminum powder comprises, by mass, 0.03-0.04% Mg, 0.005-0.01% Si, 0.13-0.14% Fe, 0.005-0.01% Mn, 0.005-0.01% Cu, 0.10-0.23% O, and the balance Al.
  4. 4. A method of laser additive manufacturing beryllium aluminum alloy as described in claim 3 wherein said beryllium aluminum mass ratio is 62:38.
  5. 5. The method for manufacturing the beryllium-aluminum alloy by using the laser additive as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pure beryllium powder is screened by a 200-mesh screen, the grain size of the pure beryllium powder ranges from 75 μm to 150 μm, and the pure beryllium powder accords with normal distribution.
  6. 6. A method of producing beryllium aluminium alloy by laser additive as claimed in claim 5 wherein the raw material pure aluminium powder is spherical off-white powder, and the particle size of the pure aluminium powder is in the range 75-100 μm.
  7. 7. A method of laser additive manufacturing beryllium aluminum alloy as in any of claims 1-6 wherein in step B, 3D printing forming is performed with a laser additive manufacturing system comprising: the material adding manufacturing control system and the glove box control system are used for controlling the operation of the whole system and are connected with the low-humidity low-oxygen glove box through signal transmission lines; The low-humidity low-oxygen glove box comprises a precise double-shaft numerical control turntable for additive manufacturing, an aluminum alloy substrate is placed on the table top of the precise double-shaft numerical control turntable and used for bearing beryllium aluminum alloy for additive manufacturing, the upper part of the aluminum alloy substrate is right opposite to the output end of a laser cladding head, the laser cladding head is fixedly connected with the low-humidity low-oxygen glove box through a mechanical arm, the laser input end of the laser cladding head is connected with laser equipment through optical fibers, and the powder input end of the laser cladding head is communicated with a high-precision powder feeder through a powder feeding pipe; when the laser additive manufacturing system operates, the shielding gas is firstly opened, then the high-precision powder feeder is opened, finally the laser device is simultaneously opened, and the technological parameters are controlled by the corresponding control system, so that the alloy can be formed according to the set forming path, and the beryllium-aluminum alloy is obtained.
  8. 8. A method of manufacturing beryllium-aluminum alloy by laser additive as in claim 7 wherein the beryllium-aluminum mixed powder enters the low-humidity low-oxygen glove box through the powder transition capsule, the aluminum alloy substrate enters the low-humidity low-oxygen glove box through the small transition capsule, and the beryllium-aluminum alloy is transferred out of the low-humidity low-oxygen glove box through the large transition capsule.
  9. 9. The beryllium aluminum alloy is characterized in that the beryllium aluminum alloy is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-8, the microhardness of the beryllium aluminum alloy is 75-85HV, the tensile strength is 160-180MPa, the yield strength is 115-135 MPa, and the elongation is 8-10%.

Description

Method for manufacturing beryllium aluminum alloy by laser additive and obtained beryllium aluminum alloy Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of beryllium aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to a method for manufacturing a beryllium aluminum alloy by laser additive and the obtained beryllium aluminum alloy. Background The beryllium-aluminum alloy (generally containing about 30-70wt% of beryllium) combines the low density, high specific strength and high specific stiffness of beryllium, has good processing performance of aluminum, saves beryllium resources, can replace pure beryllium in many application environments, and is one of important research and development directions for breaking through the scale application bottleneck of beryllium. The method is mainly applied to the fields of aviation structural components, space satellite structural components, inertial navigation, infrared optics and the like. The conventional preparation method of the beryllium aluminum alloy comprises investment precision casting and powder metallurgy technologies, wherein the investment casting technology has the advantages of simple process, lower cost and capability of preparing parts with complex structures, but the obtained beryllium aluminum alloy has the defects of coarse grains, extremely easy shrinkage cavity generation, porosity, segregation and the like, so that engineering application is limited, and compared with the powder metallurgy technology, the powder metallurgy technology has the advantages of smaller size of casting grains, good tissue uniformity and higher alloy strength, but the powder metallurgy technology has the advantages of complex flow, difficult quality control and large blank machining allowance. Compared with the traditional investment casting and powder metallurgy technologies, the technology for manufacturing the beryllium-aluminum alloy by laser additive synchronously conveying raw alloy powder through high-power laser melting stacks parts with compact structures and good performances layer by layer, has the advantages of no need of a die in the forming process, high material utilization rate, small machining amount, low production cost, short manufacturing period and the like, is suitable for forming parts with high performances, difficult processing and high material cost, is especially suitable for small-batch customized preparation of expensive and complex parts, is an international research front and competition hot spot in the fields of new materials and advanced manufacturing, and is successfully applied to development and production of material parts such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel-based alloy and the like at present. However, the beryllium-aluminum alloy member is manufactured by laser additive, and has the technical difficulties that (1) the density of an aluminum alloy base is only 80-85%, so that beryllium and aluminum are difficult to be compatible, (2) the melting point of beryllium is 1287 ℃, the melting point of aluminum is 660 ℃, the melting point difference is large, so that the effective melting rate of laser is reduced, the temperature is difficult to rise, the layering of beryllium and aluminum is easy to be caused, and (3) low-melting-point metal is easy to evaporate, so that the quality defect of the alloy is obvious. In order to solve the problem, chinese patent CN111906308A discloses a powder plasticizing additive manufacturing sintering forming method for beryllium-aluminum alloy aerospace construction, which prepares a beryllium-aluminum component with the density of 98.5% through the steps of proportioning mixing, printing forming, vacuum thermal dewaxing, sintering, hot-pressing sintering, removing auxiliary materials and the like, and claims to solve the problems in laser additive manufacturing. However, the method not only makes the beryllium aluminum alloy preparation process complicated (including mixing, hot pressing, sintering and other processes), resulting in high manufacturing cost, but also makes the intensity level of the beryllium aluminum alloy an important index for checking whether to overcome the technical defects existing in the laser additive manufacturing, but the document does not give data on the intensity performance of the beryllium aluminum component, so that it is difficult to know whether to really solve the technical problem of the laser additive manufacturing process. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a method for manufacturing a beryllium aluminum alloy by laser additive and the obtained beryllium aluminum alloy, so as to solve the defects in the prior art. The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for manufacturing the beryllium-aluminum alloy by using the laser additive comprises the following steps: A. Respectively weighing pure beryllium powder with purity not lower than 97wt% and pure aluminum powder with purity not lower th