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CN-117662112-B - Liquid sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow simulation device and simulation method and application thereof in high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur-containing gas reservoir

CN117662112BCN 117662112 BCN117662112 BCN 117662112BCN-117662112-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and discloses a liquid sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow simulation device and a simulation method and application thereof in a high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur-containing gas reservoir. The simulation device comprises an injection unit, a high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle and a data acquisition unit, wherein the injection unit comprises an intermediate container, the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle comprises a microfluidic chip and is connected with the intermediate container through a three-way valve, and the data acquisition unit comprises a high-speed camera arranged right above the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle and a computer connected with the high-speed camera. According to the method, through high-precision visual micro-flow control, multiphase flow behaviors in the coexistence of liquid sulfur, gas and water under the constraint of an actual porous medium structure and in-situ reservoir high-temperature and high-pressure conditions can be reproduced, and a theoretical basis can be provided for the efficient development of high-sulfur-content gas reservoirs.

Inventors

  • LI TONG
  • MA YONGSHENG
  • DAI CAILI
  • ZHAO GUANG
  • LIU BO
  • LI QIAN
  • LI LEI
  • SUN NING

Assignees

  • 北京大学
  • 中国石油大学(华东)

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20231101

Claims (18)

  1. 1. The simulation device for the multiphase flow of the liquid sulfur, the gas and the water is characterized by comprising an injection unit, a high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19) and a data acquisition unit; the injection unit comprises an intermediate container comprising a sulphur intermediate container (5), a water intermediate container (6) and a gas intermediate container (7); the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19) comprises a microfluidic chip (18), and the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19) is connected with one end of the intermediate container through a three-way valve G (17) so as to inject the fluid of the intermediate container into the microfluidic chip (18) through a connecting pipeline; The data acquisition unit comprises a high-speed camera (15) arranged right above the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19) and a computer (24) connected with the high-speed camera (15) so as to observe fluid changes in the microfluidic chip (18) through real-time imaging; the injection unit further comprises an ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1) is connected with the other end of the intermediate container so as to perform constant-speed constant-pressure control on the pressure and flow of the fluid in the intermediate container; The bottoms of the sulfur intermediate container (5), the water intermediate container (6) and the gas intermediate container (7) are respectively provided with a valve D (8), a valve E (9) and a valve F (10), and the valve D (8), the valve E (9) and the valve F (10) are respectively connected with the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1); The top parts of the sulfur intermediate container (5), the water intermediate container (6) and the gas intermediate container (7) are respectively provided with a valve A (2), a valve B (3) and a valve C (4), and the valve A (2), the valve B (3) and the valve C (4) are connected with the three-way valve G (17); Wherein the three-way valve G (17) is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19); the three-way valve G (17) is provided with an inlet G1, two outlets G2 and G3, and when the valve is rotated, the inlet G1 is communicated with the outlet G2 or the inlet G1 is communicated with the outlet G3; wherein the intermediate container and the connecting pipeline are arranged in a constant temperature heating box A (11); the simulation device further comprises a ring pressure unit which is connected with the ring pressure inlet end of the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19), and the ring pressure unit provides ring pressure for the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19); the annular pressure unit comprises an annular pressure tracking pump (12) and a pressure gauge, and the pressure gauge is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the annular pressure tracking pump (12) and the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19); the pressure gauge comprises a pressure gauge A (13), a pressure gauge B (14) and a pressure gauge C (16).
  2. 2. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the simulation device further comprises a back pressure valve (21) arranged in connection with the microfluidic chip (18); And/or the other end of the back pressure valve (21) is provided with a back pressure pump (27), a pressure gauge D (25) is arranged on a pipeline connected with the back pressure valve (21) and the back pressure pump (27), and the pressure gauge D (25) is used for collecting and monitoring back pressure.
  3. 3. Simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the outlet of the back pressure valve (21) is provided with a fluid recovery device (22), the fluid recovery device (22) being used for metering the volume and/or mass of the fluid at the outlet end.
  4. 4. A simulation device according to claim 3, wherein the fluid recovery device (22) is connected to an off-gas recovery bottle (26) by a pipeline.
  5. 5. The simulation device according to claim 4, wherein the back pressure valve (21) and the fluid recovery device (22) are placed inside a constant temperature heating box B (23).
  6. 6. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises a highlight light source (20) arranged directly below the high temperature high pressure visual reaction kettle (19); And/or, the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19) further comprises a chip holder, an electric heating system, a temperature sensor, a heat conduction inner cavity and a heat preservation outer cavity.
  7. 7. The simulation device according to claim 6, wherein the microfluidic chip (18) is fixed in the thermally conductive cavity by the chip holder.
  8. 8. The simulation device according to claim 6, wherein the electric heating system is arranged in the heat conducting inner cavity and the heat insulating outer cavity, and is connected with the computer (24) through the temperature sensor, so that temperature change is monitored in real time.
  9. 9. A method of simulating a liquid sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow, the method being performed in a simulation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising: The first simulation method: (1) Manufacturing a microfluidic chip (18): 1) Manufacturing a cast sheet from the reservoir actual coring rock sample, and extracting a hole crack structure through microscopic imaging; 2) Etching the microfluidic chip according to the hole and crack structure, and manufacturing a glass plate etching microscopic model; 3) Bonding the other glass plate with the injection hole and the fluid extraction hole through vacuum bonding to obtain a microfluidic chip (18) representing the pore structure of the real reservoir; (2) The liquid sulfur in the microfluidic chip (18) reaches saturation: placing the microfluidic chip (18) in a high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle (19), filling sulfur powder into a sulfur intermediate container (5), heating and melting to a liquid sulfur state, and injecting the liquid sulfur into the microfluidic chip (18) at high temperature until the liquid sulfur is saturated; (3) Nitrogen purge line: The three-way valve G (17) and the microfluidic chip (18) are connected in a closed way, and meanwhile, the other side branch is opened, so that the three-way valve G (17) is directly communicated with the back pressure valve (21), nitrogen in the gas intermediate container (7) bypasses the microfluidic chip (18) along the branch through the three-way valve G (17), directly flows into the fluid recovery device (22) through the back pressure valve (21) to clean residual liquid sulfur in a along-line pipeline until the fluid recovery device (22) does not generate liquid sulfur, and the influence on the sulfur saturation in the microfluidic chip (18) caused by pipeline liquid sulfur during nitrogen displacement is avoided; (4) Gas-drive liquid sulfur simulation: Adjusting a three-way valve G (17), enabling the three-way valve G (17) to be communicated with the micro-fluidic chip (18), injecting nitrogen into the micro-fluidic chip (18), and obtaining a simulation state of gas-liquid sulfur two-phase flow through a high-speed camera (15); (5) Water wash line: The three-way valve G (17) is closed with the connecting route of the micro-fluidic chip (18), and the other side branch is opened at the same time, so that the three-way valve G (17) is directly communicated with the back pressure valve (21), water in the water intermediate container (6) bypasses the micro-fluidic chip (18) along the branch through the three-way valve G (17), directly flows into the fluid recovery device (22) through the back pressure valve (21) to clean residual gas in a along-path pipeline until the fluid recovery device (22) has no obvious bubble generation, and the influence on the gas-liquid sulfur saturation in the micro-fluidic chip (18) is avoided when the pipeline residual gas is displaced by water; (6) Liquid sulfur-gas-water three-phase simulation under the water flooding gas-liquid sulfur condition: The three-way valve G (17) is regulated, so that the three-way valve G (17) is communicated with the micro-fluidic chip (18), distilled water is injected into the micro-fluidic chip (18), and the simulation state of three-phase flow of liquid sulfur, gas and water is obtained through the high-speed camera (15); Or a second simulation method: After steps (1) to (3) of the first simulation method: (7) And (3) simulating the three-phase flow of liquid sulfur-gas-water under the condition of gas-water alternate injection: After the steps (1) to (3), the water intermediate container (6) and the gas intermediate container (7) are alternately opened to perform gas-water alternate displacement until the gas-water alternate displacement is stable, and a simulation state of liquid sulfur-gas-water three-phase flow is obtained through the high-speed camera (15).
  10. 10. The simulation method according to claim 9, wherein in the step (2), the method for saturation of liquid sulfur comprises: 1) All valves are in a closed state, and the three-way valve G (17) is kept to be communicated with the microfluidic chip (18); 2) Filling sulfur powder into a sulfur intermediate container (5); 3) Setting the pressure of the back pressure valve (21) to be 25-60MPa, and detecting in real time through a pressure gauge D (25) to keep the back pressure stable; 4) The pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure visual reaction kettle controlled by the pressure gauge A (13) is related to the pressure of the injection end controlled by the pressure gauge B (14), and the pressure difference is kept to be always less than 0.2MPa; 5) The temperature of the constant temperature heating box A (11), the high temperature high pressure visual reaction kettle (19) and the constant temperature heating box B (23) is controlled to be 120-180 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 3-6 hours; 6) Sequentially opening a valve D (8) and a valve A (2), starting an ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), injecting in a constant-pressure mode, wherein the pressure set value is lower than the pressure value of a back pressure valve (21) in the step 3) by 1-2MPa, and then switching to constant-speed mode injection, wherein the speed is set to be 0.05-0.1mL/min; 7) And (3) opening a high-speed camera (15), starting a video mode, observing the liquid sulfur saturation condition, ending the liquid sulfur saturation by taking no obvious bubble in the micro-fluidic chip (18) as an index, closing the injection of the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and closing the valve D (8) and the valve A (2).
  11. 11. The simulation method according to claim 9, wherein in step (3), the method of purging a pipeline with nitrogen gas includes: 1) Maintaining all settings maintained in the state of step (2); 2) All valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, a connecting route of the three-way valve G (17) and the microfluidic chip (18) is adjusted to be closed, and the other side branch is opened at the same time, so that the three-way valve G (17) is directly communicated with the back pressure valve (21) to bypass the microfluidic chip (18); 3) Sequentially opening a valve F (10) and a valve C (4), starting an ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and injecting in a constant-speed mode, wherein the speed is set to be 0.1-0.5mL/min; 4) Until no significant liquid sulfur production was observed in the fluid recovery device (22), i.e., purging was stopped, the ISCO constant speed constant pressure pump (1) was turned off, and valve F (10), valve C (4) were closed.
  12. 12. The simulation method according to claim 9, wherein in step (4), the method of gas-driven liquid sulfur simulation comprises: 1) Maintaining the state of all the setting maintaining step (3); 2) All valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, and a three-way valve G (17) is adjusted to be communicated with the micro-fluidic chip (18); 3) Sequentially opening a valve F (10) and a valve C (4), starting an ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and injecting in a constant-speed mode, wherein the speed is set to be 0.05-0.1mL/min; 4) And stopping the gas-driven liquid sulfur simulation experiment when the micro-fluidic chip (18) has no change of sulfur saturation by using an image analysis means, closing the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1) for injection, and closing the valve F (10) and the valve C (4) to obtain a simulation state of gas-liquid sulfur two-phase flow.
  13. 13. The simulation method of claim 9, wherein in step (5), the method of washing a pipeline with water includes: (1) Maintaining the state of all the setting maintaining step (4); (2) All valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, a connecting route of the three-way valve G (17) and the microfluidic chip (18) is adjusted to be closed, and the other side branch is opened at the same time, so that the three-way valve G (17) is directly communicated with the back pressure valve (21) to bypass the microfluidic chip (18); (3) Sequentially opening a valve E (9) and a valve B (3), starting an ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and injecting in a constant-speed mode, wherein the speed is set to be 0.1-0.5mL/min; (4) Until no significant bubble production was observed in the fluid recovery device (22), i.e., purging was stopped, ISCO constant speed constant pressure pump (1) injection was closed, valve E (9), valve B (3) was closed.
  14. 14. The simulation method according to claim 9, wherein in step (6), the method of liquid sulfur-gas-water three-phase simulation under the water-flooding gas-liquid sulfur condition comprises: 1) Maintaining the state of all the setting maintaining step (5); 2) All valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, and a three-way valve G (17) is adjusted to be communicated with the micro-fluidic chip (18); 3) Sequentially opening a valve E (9) and a valve B (3), starting an ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and injecting in a constant-speed mode, wherein the speed is set to be 0.05-0.1mL/min; 4) And stopping the water-driven liquid sulfur experiment when the micro-fluidic chip (18) has no change of sulfur saturation by using an image analysis means, closing the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and closing the valve E (9) and the valve B (3) to obtain the simulation state of liquid sulfur-gas-water three-phase flow under the condition of water-driven gas-liquid sulfur.
  15. 15. The simulation method according to claim 9, wherein in the step (7), the method of liquid sulfur-gas-water three-phase flow simulation under the gas-water alternate injection condition comprises: 1) Maintaining the state of all the setting maintaining step (3); 2) All valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, and a three-way valve G (17) is adjusted to be communicated with the micro-fluidic chip (18); 3) Sequentially opening a valve F (10) and a valve C (4), starting an ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and injecting in a constant-speed mode, wherein the speed is set to be 0.05-0.1mL/min; 4) After 50-100min of injection, suspending the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), sequentially closing the valve F (10) and the valve C (4), sequentially opening the valve E (9) and the valve B (3), starting the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and injecting in a constant-speed mode, wherein the speed is set to be 0.05-0.1mL/min; 5) After 50-100min of injection, suspending the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), sequentially closing the valve E (9) and the valve B (3), sequentially opening the valve F (10) and the valve C (4), starting the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and injecting in a constant-speed mode, wherein the speed is set to be 0.05-0.1mL/min; 6) And (3) sequentially circulating the step (4) and the step (5), stopping the liquid sulfur-gas-water three-phase flow simulation experiment when the micro-fluidic chip (18) has no change in sulfur saturation by using an image analysis means, closing the ISCO constant-speed constant-pressure pump (1), and closing all valves.
  16. 16. Use of the simulation method according to any one of claims 9-15 in a high sulfur-containing high temperature high pressure gas reservoir.
  17. 17. The use according to claim 16, wherein the high sulfur content high temperature high pressure gas reservoir conditions comprise a temperature condition of 120-200 ℃ and a pressure condition of 1-60MPa.
  18. 18. The use according to claim 17, wherein the conditions of the high sulfur content high temperature high pressure gas reservoir comprise a temperature of 120-180 ℃ and a pressure of 20-60MPa.

Description

Liquid sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow simulation device and simulation method and application thereof in high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur-containing gas reservoir Technical Field The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a liquid sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow simulation device and a simulation method and application thereof in a high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur-containing gas reservoir. Background The high sulfur natural gas resources in China are rich and are mainly distributed in Sichuan basin, the total amount is more than 1 multiplied by 10 12m3, and the method has great development potential. Compared with the conventional natural gas reservoirs, the high sulfur-containing gas reservoirs are separated out in the development process along with the reduction of reservoir pressure and the reduction of the dissolution capability of elemental sulfur in acid gas. For deep or ultra-deep reservoirs, the reservoir temperature is generally higher than the melting point (119 ℃) of sulfur, so that elemental sulfur is precipitated in a liquid form, on one hand, gas seepage channels are blocked by adsorption and deposition in pores or throats to reduce the reservoir permeability, and on the other hand, a mobile phase is formed by aggregation to form two-phase seepage with gas, so that the effective gas phase permeability is reduced, the gas well productivity is reduced, and the gas reservoir development effect is influenced. In addition, as the gas reservoir is developed into the middle and later stages, water invasion phenomenon causes water content in the stratum to rise, liquid sulfur-gas-water three-phase seepage occurs, and the flow mechanism is complex. Multiphase flow interactions in high sulfur gas reservoirs control the production of natural gas during development, where whether liquid sulfur has an impact on the production process under high temperature and pressure conditions is a scientific problem that has been open for many years. At present, research on gas-liquid sulfur-water three-phase seepage of deep and ultra-deep high sulfur-containing gas reservoirs has not been reported. In the prior art, a small amount of experimental research is carried out aiming at gas-liquid sulfur two-phase seepage. Gu Shaohua (Gu Shaohua, dan Zhiliang, hu Xiangyang, etc. ultra-deep high sulfur-containing gas reservoir gas-liquid sulfur two-phase seepage experiment [ J ]. Natural gas industry, 2018,38 (10): 70-75) et al developed two-phase displacement experiments of gas-liquid sulfur under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and processed relative permeability experimental data based on an unsteady state method to obtain a gas-liquid sulfur relative permeability curve. Chen Qi (research on influence of high sulfur-containing gas reservoir liquid sulfur adsorption on reservoir [ D ]. Southwest Petroleum university, 2019) core with different porosities and permeabilities is selected, a gas-liquid sulfur two-phase seepage experiment is performed under a changed stress condition, and a gas-liquid sulfur relative permeability curve under different confining pressure conditions is obtained by adopting an unsteady state method. He Linji (research on gas-liquid sulfur seepage law of high sulfur-containing gas reservoir [ D ]. Southwest Petroleum university, 2017) has carried out experimental tests under different temperature and stress sensitive conditions, and has determined a gas-liquid sulfur two-phase relative permeability curve according to an unsteady state method. In conclusion, the experimental conditions are limited, so that the experimental study on the liquid sulfur seepage is less, and the experimental study is mainly aimed at the gas-liquid sulfur two-phase seepage experiment. Aiming at multiphase flow behavior of a high-sulfur-content gas reservoir in a liquid sulfur-gas-water coexisting state under the real medium space constraint of the high-sulfur-content gas reservoir, the high-efficiency development of the high-sulfur-content gas reservoir and the research progress of sulfur control and sulfur treatment are greatly restricted. Therefore, research and development of a simulation method and a simulation device for sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow of high-sulfur-content high-temperature high-pressure gas reservoir have important significance. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a liquid sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow simulation device and a simulation method and application thereof in a high-temperature high-pressure high-sulfur-containing gas reservoir, the method can overcome the problem that the liquid sulfur flow needs to ensure that the whole flow keeps high temperature, high pressure and safety through high-precision visualized micro-flow control, the multiphase flow behavior of the three phases of liquid sulfur, gas and water under the constraint of the actual porous medium structure