CN-117753811-B - Device and method for semi-solid extrusion forming of thin-wall component

CN117753811BCN 117753811 BCN117753811 BCN 117753811BCN-117753811-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for semi-solid extrusion forming of a thin-wall component, which relate to the technical field of metal processing, wherein the device for semi-solid extrusion forming of the thin-wall component comprises a pretreatment unit, an extrusion unit and a heat treatment unit, the pretreatment unit comprises a first gradient heating temperature control device and a pretreatment die, the extrusion unit comprises a second gradient heating temperature control device and an extrusion die, the heat treatment unit comprises a third gradient heating temperature control device and a heat treatment carrier, and the method for semi-solid extrusion forming of the thin-wall component comprises the steps of obtaining a cylindrical semi-solid blank, preheating, spraying lubricant, remelting and heating, extruding the thin-wall component and heat treatment; the device and the method for semi-solid extrusion molding of the thin-wall component reduce extrusion force requirements and have better molding effect.

Inventors

WANG XIAOFENG
CHU GUANNAN

Assignees

哈尔滨工业大学（威海）

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20231225

Claims (10)

1. The device for semi-solid extrusion forming of the thin-wall component is characterized by comprising a pretreatment unit, an extrusion unit and a heat treatment unit; The pretreatment unit comprises a first gradient heating temperature control device and a pretreatment die, the pretreatment die comprises an extrusion barrel, an extrusion punch, a connecting rod and a die frame, two ends of the extrusion barrel are opened, the inside of the extrusion barrel is used for accommodating semi-solid blanks, one end of the extrusion punch is fixedly connected with the die frame through the connecting rod, the extrusion punch can extend into the extrusion barrel from one end opening of the extrusion barrel, which is close to the die frame, a gap is reserved between the outer side wall of the extrusion punch and the inner side wall of the extrusion barrel, the extrusion punch can reciprocate in the axis direction of the extrusion barrel, one end, which is far away from the extrusion punch, of the die frame is used for being connected with a pressurizing shaft of an extruder, the first gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly arranged outside the extrusion barrel, and the first gradient heating temperature control device can heat the extrusion barrel; the extrusion unit comprises a second gradient heating temperature control device and an extrusion die, the extrusion die comprises a male die and a female die, the female die is fixedly arranged at one end of the extrusion barrel far away from the die carrier, the male die is fixedly arranged between the female die and the extrusion barrel, one end of the extrusion barrel far away from the die carrier can be plugged by the male die through opening, an annular welding chamber and an annular working belt are formed by combining the male die with the female die, one end of the annular working belt is communicated with the welding chamber, a plurality of portholes are formed in the male die, the portholes can enable the welding chamber to be communicated with the inside of the extrusion barrel, so that semi-solid blanks enter the welding chamber through the portholes, the second gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly arranged outside the extrusion die, and the second gradient heating temperature control device can heat the extrusion die; The heat treatment unit comprises a third gradient heating temperature control device and a heat treatment supporting body, an annular channel is formed in the heat treatment supporting body, one end of the annular channel is communicated with one end, far away from the welding chamber, of the annular working belt, the third gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly arranged outside the heat treatment supporting body, and the third gradient heating temperature control device heats the heat treatment supporting body.
2. The device for semi-solid extrusion forming of the thin-wall component according to claim 1, wherein the first gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the extrusion cylinder, the second gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the extrusion die, the third gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the heat treatment supporting body, heat preservation and heat insulation layers are fixedly sleeved on the outer walls of the first gradient heating temperature control device, the second gradient heating temperature control device and the third gradient heating temperature control device, and heat insulation connecting plates are fixedly arranged between the die carrier and the pressurizing shaft of the extrusion machine, between the extrusion cylinder and the male die and between the female die and the heat treatment supporting body.
3. The device for semi-solid extrusion forming of thin-wall components according to claim 2, wherein a first temperature measuring channel is formed in the extrusion barrel, a first temperature measuring element is fixedly installed in the first temperature measuring channel, a second temperature measuring channel is formed in the extrusion die, a second temperature measuring element is fixedly installed in the second temperature measuring channel, a third temperature measuring channel is formed in the heat treatment supporting body, a third temperature measuring element is fixedly installed in the third temperature measuring channel, the first gradient heating temperature control device and the first temperature measuring element are connected with a heating temperature control system, the second gradient heating temperature control device and the second temperature measuring element are connected with the heating temperature control system, and the third gradient heating temperature control device and the third temperature measuring element are connected with the heating temperature control system.
4. The apparatus for semi-solid extrusion molding of thin-walled structure according to claim 3, wherein the outer wall of the first gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly sleeved with a pre-stress ring.
5. The apparatus for semi-solid extrusion molding of thin-walled members as set forth in claim 1, wherein the annular passage comprises a front passage and a rear passage connected and communicated in this order, the front passage being interposed between the annular operating belt and the rear passage, the front passage having a length of more than 500mm, the rear passage having a length of more than 100mm, the radius of the front passage being 5-10mm larger than the radius of the annular operating belt, and the radius of the rear passage being 20-30mm larger than the radius of the front passage.
6. A method of semi-solid extrusion molding a thin-walled member using the apparatus for semi-solid extrusion molding a thin-walled member as set forth in any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: s1, preparing a semi-solid blank, performing crane cutting on the semi-solid blank to remove oxide skin, and then performing machining and cutting to obtain a cylindrical semi-solid blank; S2, preheating the extrusion cylinder by using a first gradient heating temperature control device, preheating the extrusion die by using a second gradient heating temperature control device, and preheating the heat treatment carrier by using a third gradient heating temperature control device; s3, uniformly spraying the lubricant on the working surfaces of the extrusion cylinder, the male die, the female die and the annular channel; S4, remelting and heating the semi-solid blank by adopting a resistance furnace, and placing the cylindrical semi-solid blank obtained in the S1 into the resistance furnace, heating and preserving heat; S5, taking the heated and insulated semi-solid blank out of the resistance furnace, clamping the semi-solid blank into an extrusion cylinder, driving an extrusion punch to extrude the semi-solid blank in the extrusion cylinder to enter an extrusion die by the operation of the extruder, and extruding a thin-wall member from an annular working belt; s6, the thin-wall component extruded from the annular working belt enters the annular channel and slowly moves along the annular channel, and heat treatment is carried out to adjust the performance; S7, after the semi-solid blank in the extrusion cylinder is extruded, the extruder works to drive the extrusion punch to exit the extrusion cylinder; s8, circularly carrying out S1-S7, and continuously carrying out semi-solid extrusion molding on the thin-wall component.
7. The method of semi-solid extrusion molding a thin-walled member according to claim 6 wherein the remelting heating temperature is 300 to 700℃and the remelting heating holding time is 5 to 40 minutes in S4.
8. The method of semi-solid extrusion molding a thin-walled structure according to claim 6, wherein in S2, after preheating the extrusion cylinder by the first gradient heating temperature control device, the semi-solid billet near the male die is brought to a temperature of 400-700 ℃, i.e., the semi-solid billet near the male die has a liquid billet of 10-60%, and the semi-solid billet near the extrusion punch is brought to a temperature of 200-450 ℃, i.e., the semi-solid billet near the extrusion punch is completely solid.
9. The method of semi-solid extrusion molding a thin-walled member according to claim 6, wherein in S2, the extrusion die is preheated by a second gradient heating and temperature controlling means to a temperature of 200-650 ℃ for the male die and the female die and 200-450 ℃ for the endless working belt, and the heat treatment carrier is preheated by a third gradient heating and temperature controlling means to a temperature of 250-550 ℃ for the inside of the endless passage.
10. The method of semi-solid extrusion molding a thin-walled member according to claim 6 wherein the extrusion speed of the extrusion punch is 1-20mm/S in S5.

Description

Device and method for semi-solid extrusion forming of thin-wall component Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a device and a method for semi-solid extrusion molding of a thin-wall component. Background The high-strength aluminum alloy has the remarkable advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and strong designability, has extremely wide application temperature range, or becomes a key material of high-end equipment components such as aerospace, ship navigation, weapons and the like. The thin-wall pipe is an ideal blank structure for forming the integral complex curved thin-wall part due to the closed geometric structure of the thin-wall pipe. The large thin-wall aluminum alloy cylindrical part is one of typical workpieces in the aerospace industry, the large thin-wall aluminum alloy cylindrical part is mainly characterized in that the overall external dimension of the cylindrical part is large and is usually larger than 500mm, and the thin wall refers to the fact that the average wall thickness of a casting is small and is usually smaller than 10mm. Moreover, the inner wall of the workpiece is often provided with criss-cross reinforcing ribs and bosses, so that the structure of the workpiece is more complex, and the manufacturing difficulty is further increased. The large thin-wall cylindrical part is usually manufactured by adopting a casting process, and then the final mechanical property and the dimensional accuracy of the product are ensured by heat treatment and mechanical processing. The traditional casting process adopts the gravity casting of a common sand mould, and because the casting has complex structure, the defects of under casting, cold shut, shrinkage cavity shrinkage, deformation, ultra-poor size and the like are easily generated, and the qualification rate of the casting is lower. Compared with the traditional casting process, the plastic extrusion molding of the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high production efficiency, capability of realizing one-step extrusion molding of the profile with the complex section, high molding precision, high stability and the like, and is gradually applied to the field of manufacturing aerospace large-sized high-performance aluminum alloy components. However, the extrusion mode is adopted to manufacture the wide integral wallboard, and the requirements on the tonnage level of the press and tooling equipment are high. The extruding machine needs 125MN for extruding and manufacturing the plate with the width of 800mm, and the extruding machine needs 225MN for extruding and manufacturing the plate with the width of 1000mm, and has the advantages of high extruding difficulty, easy instability and high cost. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a device and a method for semi-solid extrusion forming of a thin-wall component, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, reducing the extrusion force requirement and having better forming effect. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a device for semi-solid extrusion forming of a thin-wall component, comprises a pretreatment unit, an extrusion unit and a heat treatment unit; The pretreatment unit comprises a first gradient heating temperature control device and a pretreatment die, the pretreatment die comprises an extrusion barrel, an extrusion punch, a connecting rod and a die frame, two ends of the extrusion barrel are opened, the inside of the extrusion barrel is used for accommodating semi-solid blanks, one end of the extrusion punch is fixedly connected with the die frame through the connecting rod, the extrusion punch can extend into the extrusion barrel from one end opening of the extrusion barrel, which is close to the die frame, a gap is reserved between the outer side wall of the extrusion punch and the inner side wall of the extrusion barrel, the extrusion punch can reciprocate in the axis direction of the extrusion barrel, one end, which is far away from the extrusion punch, of the die frame is used for being connected with a pressurizing shaft of an extruder, the first gradient heating temperature control device is fixedly arranged outside the extrusion barrel, and the first gradient heating temperature control device can heat the extrusion barrel; the extrusion unit comprises a second gradient heating temperature control device and an extrusion die, the extrusion die comprises a male die and a female die, the female die is fixedly arranged at one end of the extrusion barrel far away from the die carrier, the male die is fixedly arranged between the female die and the extrusion barrel, one end of the extrusion barrel far away from the die carrier can be plugged by the male die through opening, an annular welding chamber and an annular working belt are formed by combining the male die with