CN-117961640-B - Cutter shaft box temperature determining method and device

CN117961640BCN 117961640 BCN117961640 BCN 117961640BCN-117961640-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cutting machine tools, in particular to a cutter shaft box temperature determining method and device. The method comprises the steps of collecting real-time temperatures at a water inlet, a water outlet, an air inlet and an air outlet of an electric spindle of the arbor box and real-time temperatures of the surrounding environment of the electric spindle, determining an arbor box residual heat formula according to a heat balance relation, determining an arbor box temperature formula according to the arbor box residual heat formula, substituting the real-time temperatures into the arbor box temperature formula, and determining real-time temperature values of the arbor box. The problems that the error is large when the temperature change in the electric spindle motor is measured through a single point due to the fact that the structure of an existing cutter shaft box is complex and the temperature distribution difference is large, the calculation is troublesome through multipoint measurement, the workload and the cost are increased, the structure of the cutter shaft box needs to be changed when the embedded temperature sensor is used for measurement, and the design and maintenance difficulty is increased are solved.

Inventors

WANG WEI
FENG YUFEI
XING KAN
ZHANG PEI
MA JIANHUA

Assignees

通用技术集团机床工程研究院有限公司天津分公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20231211

Claims (8)

1. The cutter shaft box temperature determining method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Respectively acquiring a first real-time temperature at a water inlet of an electric spindle of the spindle box, a second real-time temperature at a water outlet, a third real-time temperature at an air inlet, a fourth real-time temperature at an air outlet and a fifth real-time temperature of the surrounding environment of the electric spindle; Determining a residual heat formula of the cutter shaft box according to the heat balance relation, and determining a temperature formula of the cutter shaft box according to the residual heat formula of the cutter shaft box; The cutter shaft box temperature T formula comprises: ; Wherein b is the thickness of a mounting bracket, I is the current of an electric spindle motor, R is a resistor, T is the running time of the electric spindle, K i is the heating coefficient of an I-shaped bearing in a cutter shaft box, M i is the friction torque of the I-shaped bearing in the cutter shaft box, j is the total number of bearings, n is the rotating speed of the spindle, C 1 is the specific heat capacity of cooling liquid, ρ 1 is the density of the cooling liquid, V 1 is the flow rate of the cooling liquid in unit time, T 1 is the first real-time temperature, T 2 is the second real-time temperature, Y is the heat absorption rate of lubricating gas, M is the mass of lubricating gas passing through an air inlet in unit time, T 3 is the third real-time temperature, T 4 is the fourth real-time temperature, X is the natural convection heat exchange coefficient of the environment, S is the air heat radiation surface area of the cutter shaft box, T 5 is the fifth real-time temperature, lambda is the heat conduction coefficient, A is the surface area of the mounting bracket of the cutter shaft box, T 0 is the temperature of a machine tool, C 3 is the average capacity of the main body of the cutter shaft box, and M 3 is the total mass of the cutter shaft box; Substituting the first real-time temperature, the second real-time temperature, the third real-time temperature, the fourth real-time temperature and the fifth real-time temperature into the cutter shaft box temperature formula to determine a cutter shaft box real-time temperature value.
2. A method of determining a arbor box temperature according to claim 1, wherein the method of determining an arbor box residual heat formula based on a heat balance relationship comprises: Acquiring a heat formula generated by an electric spindle motor of the cutter shaft box, a heat formula generated by a bearing in the cutter shaft box, a heat formula taken away by circulating cooling liquid, a heat formula taken away by lubricating gas, an air heat dissipation capacity formula on the surface of the cutter shaft box and a heat dissipation capacity formula of an electric spindle mounting bracket; And determining the rest heat formula of the cutter shaft box according to a heat formula generated by the electric spindle motor of the cutter shaft box, a heat formula generated by a bearing during rotation of the electric spindle, a heat formula taken away by circulating cooling liquid, a heat formula taken away by lubricating gas, an air heat dissipation capacity formula on the surface of the cutter shaft box, a heat dissipation capacity formula of an electric spindle mounting bracket and other heat dissipation capacity dissipation values and a heat balance relation.
3. A arbor box temperature determination method according to claim 2, wherein the heat balance relationship is: ; Wherein Q 7 is surplus heat of a cutter shaft box, Q 1 is heat generated by an electric spindle motor, Q 2 is heat generated by a bearing in the cutter shaft box, Q 3 is heat taken away by circulating cooling liquid, Q 4 is heat taken away by lubricating gas, Q 5 is air heat dissipation capacity of the surface of the cutter shaft box, Q 6 is heat dissipation capacity of an electric spindle mounting bracket, and Q 0 is other heat dissipation capacity.
4. A method of determining a arbor box temperature according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the method of determining an arbor box temperature formula from the arbor box residual heat formula comprises: The cutter shaft box residual heat formula comprises a first residual heat formula and a second residual heat formula; The first residual heat formula is shown as formula (1); (1); Wherein C 3 is the average specific heat capacity of the cutter shaft box main body, m 3 is the total mass of the cutter shaft box, T is the temperature of the cutter shaft box, and T 5 is the fifth real-time temperature; the cutter shaft box residual heat formula determined according to the heat balance relation is a second residual heat formula; and determining the cutter shaft box temperature formula according to the first residual heat formula and the second residual heat formula.
5. The arbor box temperature determination method of claim 4, wherein the second residual heat formula comprises: ; wherein I is electric spindle motor current, R is resistor, T is electric spindle operation time, K i is I number bearing heating coefficient in the cutter shaft box, M i is I number bearing friction moment in the cutter shaft box, j is total number of bearings, n is spindle rotating speed, C 1 is cooling liquid specific heat capacity, ρ 1 is cooling liquid density, V 1 is cooling liquid unit time flow, T 1 is first real-time temperature, T 2 is second real-time temperature, Y is heat absorption rate of lubricating gas, M is lubricating gas mass passing through an air inlet in unit time, T 3 is third real-time temperature, T 4 is fourth real-time temperature, X is environment natural convection heat exchange coefficient, S is cutter shaft box heat dissipation surface area, T is cutter shaft box temperature, T 5 is fifth real-time temperature, lambda is heat conduction coefficient, A is cutter shaft box mounting bracket surface area, T 0 is machine tool temperature, b is mounting bracket thickness, and Q 0 is other heat dissipation.
6. A arbor box temperature determination method according to claim 1, wherein: And determining the deformation of the corresponding cutter shaft box according to the real-time temperature of the cutter shaft box, and carrying out displacement temperature compensation on the cutter according to the deformation.
7. The cutter shaft box temperature determining device is characterized by comprising an upper computer, a data collector and a temperature acquisition unit; The upper computer is connected with the data collector, and the data collector is connected with the temperature acquisition unit; The temperature acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring a first real-time temperature at a water inlet of the electric spindle of the spindle box, a second real-time temperature at a water outlet, a third real-time temperature at an air inlet, a fourth real-time temperature at an air outlet and a fifth real-time temperature of the surrounding environment of the electric spindle; The data collector is used for collecting the temperature value acquired by the temperature acquisition unit and transmitting the temperature value to the upper computer system; the upper computer is used for determining a cutter shaft box residual heat formula according to a heat balance relation, determining a cutter shaft box temperature formula according to the cutter shaft box residual heat formula, and determining a cutter shaft box real-time temperature value by substituting the first real-time temperature, the second real-time temperature, the third real-time temperature, the fourth real-time temperature and the fifth real-time temperature into the cutter shaft box temperature formula; the cutter shaft box temperature formula comprises: ; Wherein b is the thickness of a mounting bracket, I is the current of an electric spindle motor, R is a resistor, T is the running time of the electric spindle, K i is the heating coefficient of an I-shaped bearing in a cutter shaft box, M i is the friction torque of the I-shaped bearing in the cutter shaft box, j is the total number of bearings, n is the rotating speed of the spindle, C 1 is the specific heat capacity of cooling liquid, ρ 1 is the density of the cooling liquid, V 1 is the flow rate of the cooling liquid in unit time, T 1 is the first real-time temperature, T 2 is the second real-time temperature, Y is the heat absorption rate of lubricating gas, M is the mass of lubricating gas passing through an air inlet in unit time, T 3 is the third real-time temperature, T 4 is the fourth real-time temperature, X is the natural convection heat exchange coefficient of the environment, S is the heat dissipation surface area of the cutter shaft box for air, T 5 is the fifth real-time temperature, lambda is the heat conduction coefficient, A is the surface area of the mounting bracket of the cutter shaft box, T 0 is the temperature of a machine tool, C 3 is the average capacity of the main body of the cutter shaft box, and M 3 is the total mass of the cutter shaft box.
8. The arbor box temperature determination device according to claim 7, wherein the temperature acquisition unit comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor, and a fifth temperature sensor; the first temperature sensor is arranged at a water inlet of the electric spindle for connecting a water cooler, and is used for collecting the first real-time temperature; the second temperature sensor is arranged at the water outlet of the electric spindle for connecting a water cooler, and is used for collecting the second real-time temperature; the third temperature sensor is arranged at the air inlet of the electric spindle for connecting with the oil-gas lubrication device and is used for collecting the third real-time temperature; the fourth temperature sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the electric spindle and is used for acquiring the fourth real-time temperature; the fifth temperature sensor is arranged at a preset distance outside the electric spindle and is used for acquiring the fifth real-time temperature.

Description

Cutter shaft box temperature determining method and device Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of cutting machine tools, in particular to a cutter shaft box temperature determining method and device. Background Along with the strong development of high-speed cutting, more and more machine tools adopt an electric spindle as a spindle motor, and as an arbor box is embedded in the electric spindle, the arbor box is deformed due to the movement and heating of the electric spindle, so that the cutter displacement is an important factor affecting the machining precision. And the cutter displacement temperature compensation is carried out according to the temperature change of the cutter shaft box, so that the machining precision of the machine tool can be remarkably improved. Because of the complex structure of the axle box, the temperature measurement is relatively difficult, and the current method for measuring the temperature of the axle box mainly comprises single-point measurement and multi-point measurement. The single-point measurement only measures the internal temperature of the electric spindle motor, and as the spindle box has various heat dissipation modes, the heat dissipation power changes relatively more, and the temperature change error of the spindle box calculated only through the internal temperature of the electric spindle motor is relatively more. The multipoint measurement is to determine the installation positions of the temperature sensors by finite element analysis and other methods. Because the cutter shaft box has a complex structure and different shapes and materials at each part, the temperature distribution at each position of the cutter shaft box has large difference, and the workload of finite element analysis and calculation is increased. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a cutter shaft box temperature determining method and device, which are used for solving the problems that the existing cutter shaft box is complex in structure and large in temperature distribution difference, so that the error is large when the temperature change in an electric spindle motor is measured through a single point, the calculation is troublesome through multipoint measurement, the workload and the cost are increased, the cutter shaft box structure is required to be changed when the embedded temperature sensor is used for measurement, and the design and maintenance difficulty is increased. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutter shaft box temperature determining method, including: Respectively acquiring a first real-time temperature at a water inlet of an electric spindle of the spindle box, a second real-time temperature at a water outlet, a third real-time temperature at an air inlet, a fourth real-time temperature at an air outlet and a fifth real-time temperature of the surrounding environment of the electric spindle; Determining a residual heat formula of the cutter shaft box according to the heat balance relation, and determining a temperature formula of the cutter shaft box according to the residual heat formula of the cutter shaft box; Substituting the first real-time temperature, the second real-time temperature, the third real-time temperature, the fourth real-time temperature and the fifth real-time temperature into the cutter shaft box temperature formula to determine a cutter shaft box real-time temperature value. Preferably, the method for determining the residual heat formula of the cutter shaft box according to the heat balance relation comprises the following steps: Acquiring a heat formula generated by an electric spindle motor of the cutter shaft box, a heat formula generated by a bearing in the cutter shaft box, a heat formula taken away by circulating cooling liquid, a heat formula taken away by lubricating gas, an air heat dissipation capacity formula on the surface of the cutter shaft box and a heat dissipation capacity formula of an electric spindle mounting bracket; And determining the rest heat formula of the cutter shaft box according to a heat formula generated by the electric spindle motor of the cutter shaft box, a heat formula generated by a bearing during rotation of the electric spindle, a heat formula taken away by circulating cooling liquid, a heat formula taken away by lubricating gas, an air heat dissipation capacity formula on the surface of the cutter shaft box, a heat dissipation capacity formula of an electric spindle mounting bracket and other heat dissipation capacity dissipation values and a heat balance relation. Preferably, the heat balance relationship is: Q1+Q2-Q3-Q4-Q5-Q6-Q0＝Q7; Wherein Q 7 is surplus heat of a cutter shaft box, Q 1 is heat generated by an electric spindle motor, Q 2 is heat generated by a bearing in the cutter shaft box, Q 3 is heat taken away by circulating cooling liquid, Q 4 is heat taken away by lubricating gas, Q 5 is air heat dissipation capacity of the su