CN-118003707-B - Heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material, which comprises a substrate plate and silicon carbide fiber reinforced resin composite materials pressed on the substrate plate, wherein the silicon carbide fiber reinforced resin composite materials are prepared by reacting 20-60% of epoxy resin, 2-10% of curing agent, 5-15% of catalyst, 10-15% of nucleating agent, 3-5% of foaming agent, 15-20% of flame retardant and 5-15% of auxiliary agent, and the heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material provided by the invention realizes heat insulation and ablation-resistant integration, can meet the ablation-resistant and heat-insulating requirements at 1300 ℃ and can keep the temperature of a backboard below 300 ℃ after continuous ablation for 30min at 1300 ℃.

Inventors

• HUANG XIAOZHONG
• TAO MENG
• Tao Haofan
• MA YAN
• CHEN HUAN
• LI YAO
• MEI WENBIN

Assignees

• 湖南博翔新材料有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20231228

Claims (7)

1. 1. The heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material is characterized by comprising a matrix board and a silicon carbide fiber reinforced resin composite material pressed on the matrix board, wherein the silicon carbide fiber reinforced resin composite material is obtained by coating heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin on the upper surface and the lower surface of silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt, completely soaking and curing the heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin, The heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin is prepared by mixing 20-60% by weight of epoxy resin, 2-10% by weight of curing agent, 5-15% by weight of catalyst, 10-15% by weight of carbonizing agent, 3-5% by weight of foaming agent, 15-20% by weight of flame retardant and 5-15% by weight of auxiliary agent; the volume ratio of the silicon carbide fiber cloth to the silicon carbide fiber felt in the silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt is 1:5-5:1.
2. 2. The heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide fiber cloth is a second-generation silicon carbide fiber cloth, and the silicon carbide fiber felt is a second-generation silicon carbide fiber felt.
3. 3. The heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin is one or more of bisphenol a epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, silicone modified epoxy resin, hydrogenated bisphenol a epoxy resin; The curing agent is one of tetraethylenepentamine, diethylenetriamine, polyethyleneimine and polyamide; The catalyst is one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, borate and organic phosphate; the carbon forming agent is one or more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, aldehyde ketone resin, starch and cellulose; the foaming agent is one of melamine, urea and azodicarbonamide; the flame retardant is one or more of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, antimony trioxide and zinc oxide; the auxiliary agent is one or more of silicone oil, alkyl modified organic siloxane and polyether polyester modified organic siloxane.
4. 4. The heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein the base plate is one of an aluminum plate, a steel plate and a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite plate.
5. 5. A method of preparing a thermally insulating ablation resistant composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of: (a) Preparing components according to the formula of the heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin, and uniformly stirring and mixing for later use; (b) Uniformly spraying the heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin prepared in the step (a) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt to enable the silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt to be completely soaked in the heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin, and then placing the soaked silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt into an oven to be pre-cured at 60-200 ℃ to obtain a prepreg; (c) Cutting the prepreg obtained in the step (b) into a mold size, placing the mold size on a matrix board, layering the prepreg together, placing the prepreg into a mold, and performing compression molding at 120-300 ℃ and 0.5-10Mpa to obtain the heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material.
6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the stirring speed in the step (a) is 150-200rpm, and the stirring time is 1-5h.
7. 7. Use of a thermal insulation ablation resistant composite according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a thermal insulation ablation resistant composite obtainable by a method of preparing a thermal insulation ablation resistant composite according to any one of claims 5 to 6 for the manufacture of a battery pack housing.

Description

Heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background The power battery system (battery pack) is a power source of the whole new energy automobile and is one of the most critical parts of the new energy automobile. The battery pack generally consists of a battery module, an electrical system, a thermal management system, a battery management system, structural members, and the like. The main function of the power battery pack shell is to bear power battery system components such as a battery module, an electric module and a cooling module, and meanwhile, the battery and the electric system are protected from being damaged when being collided and extruded outside, and the power battery pack shell has a vital function on the safety protection of the battery pack. In order to ensure the safety of the power battery, the power battery pack shell needs to adapt to various complex working conditions and meets the requirements of strength, rigidity and the like. The prior battery package body generally adopts a mica sheet as an ablation-resistant layer, and a cover plate is separated from a fireproof heat-insulating layer, and the scheme has the defects that (1) a battery package protective material manufactured by using the mica sheet has a fireproof temperature of generally 800 ℃, the fireproof temperature requirement of the battery can reach 1300 ℃ in the future along with the increase of the energy density of the battery, the conventional mica sheet can hardly meet the requirement of high-temperature use, and (2) the thickness of the traditional battery package body is 5-8mm, the total thickness of the added mica sheet is 6-9mm, the battery pack has large self weight, the electricity consumption is increased, the endurance is reduced, and the development of energy conservation, environmental protection and light weight of an electric automobile is unfavorable. With the development of new energy automobiles, the requirements of people on the endurance mileage of the new energy automobiles are continuously improved, the requirements on the heat insulation and high temperature resistance and the light weight of the power battery are continuously improved, the existing battery shell material generally only has the heat insulation performance or only has the ablation resistance, the heat insulation and ablation resistance at the high temperature of 1300 ℃ are difficult to realize, and the requirements on the ablation resistance and the heat insulation at the temperature of 1300 ℃ are not met. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects and the shortcomings in the prior art, providing the heat-insulating ablation-resistant integrated composite material, not only meeting the ablation-resistant and heat-insulating problems under the high-temperature condition, but also realizing the light weight and low weight of the composite material, and meeting the condition that the temperature of a backboard is lower than 300 ℃ after ablation for 30min at the high temperature of 1300 ℃. The invention aims at providing a heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material to solve the requirements of higher firing temperature and ablation resistance in the prior art, and the second aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The heat-insulating ablation-resistant composite material comprises a matrix board and a silicon carbide fiber reinforced resin composite material pressed on the matrix board, wherein the silicon carbide fiber reinforced resin composite material is obtained by coating heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin on the upper and lower surfaces of silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt and infiltrating the heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin, curing the heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin, The heat-insulating ablation-resistant modified resin is prepared by mixing 20-60% by weight of epoxy resin, 2-10% by weight of curing agent, 5-15% by weight of catalyst, 10-15% by weight of carbonizing agent, 3-5% by weight of foaming agent, 15-20% by weight of flame retardant and 5-15% by weight of auxiliary agent. According to the invention, the ablation-resistant modified resin is combined with the silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt, so that the ablation-resistant modified resin can be simultaneously foamed and carbonized to form the inorganic foam matrix at the temperature of more than 300 ℃, the heat conduction can be effectively isolated, flame ablation is prevented, the silicon carbide fiber cloth/felt