Search

CN-118082337-B - Impact-resistant structural member, automobile and manufacturing method of impact-resistant structural member

CN118082337BCN 118082337 BCN118082337 BCN 118082337BCN-118082337-B

Abstract

The invention relates to an impact-resistant structural member, an automobile and a manufacturing method of the impact-resistant structural member, and belongs to the technical field of automobile structural members. The anti-impact structural member comprises a surface layer, an anti-impact layer and a bottom layer from top to bottom, wherein the surface layer is made of a plastic matrix material, the anti-impact layer comprises a composite fiber material, the composite fiber material comprises an anchoring part and a filling part in the thickness direction, the composite fiber of the anchoring part is buried in the plastic matrix material of the surface layer, the composite fiber material is anchored in the plastic matrix material and combined with the surface layer, the fiber gap of the filling part is filled with a shear thickening body, the bottom layer is made of an injection molding material layer, and the bottom layer surrounds the bottom and the periphery of the anti-impact layer, is in direct contact with the surface layer at the periphery of the anti-impact layer and is fused into a whole. The impact-resistant structural member containing the shear thickening fluid is formed by hot pressing and injection molding, a cavity structure for containing the shear thickening fluid is not required to be prepared in advance by adopting a mechanical mode, the structure is simple, the parts of the product are few, and the weight is light. Compared with the technical scheme that shearing thickening fluid is filled in a cavity prepared in advance and then the cavity is closed, the thickness of a product can be greatly reduced, and the design flexibility is higher.

Inventors

  • FANG CHAO
  • XIAO HUIPING
  • Hu qiaole
  • ZHOU HANMEI
  • LIU SHUMEI
  • LI SHENGLIANG
  • SHI JIAN
  • MIAO QIANQIAN

Assignees

  • 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20240219

Claims (20)

  1. 1. An impact-resistant structural member is characterized by comprising a surface layer, an impact-resistant layer and a bottom layer; The surface layer is made of a plastic matrix material; The impact-resistant layer comprises a composite fiber material, the composite fiber material comprises an anchoring part and a filling part in the thickness direction, the composite fiber of the anchoring part is buried in a plastic matrix material of the surface layer by hot pressing, so that the composite fiber material is anchored in the plastic matrix material and combined with the surface layer, and the fiber gap of the filling part is filled with a shear thickening body; The bottom layer is an injection molding material layer, is surrounded on the bottom and the periphery of the impact-resistant layer through injection molding, is in direct contact with the surface layer on the periphery of the impact-resistant layer and is fused into a whole; The area of the impact resistant layer is smaller than that of the surface layer, and the distance between the edge of the impact resistant layer and the edge of the surface layer is 1-10 mm.
  2. 2. An impact resistant structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The plastic matrix material comprises one or more of polypropylene PP, polyamide PA, polystyrene PS, polyvinyl chloride PVC and glass fiber modified PP.
  3. 3. An impact resistant structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said facing layer has a thickness of 1.5 to 5mm.
  4. 4. An impact resistant structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The fiber of the composite fiber material comprises one or more of cotton fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, fibrilia, bamboo fiber and Kevlar fiber, wherein the fiber is arranged into a single-layer or multi-layer braiding or weaving structure, and the fiber is arranged according to a set direction.
  5. 5. The impact resistant structural member of claim 1, wherein the shear thickening body comprises a high-viscosity high-molecular polymer and micro-nano solid powder dispersed in the high-molecular polymer, wherein the high-molecular polymer comprises one or two of polyethylene glycol and polyborosiloxane, and the micro-nano solid powder comprises one or more of silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.
  6. 6. An impact resistant structural member according to claim 5, wherein, The shear thickening body is one or more of a nano silicon dioxide/PEG system, a calcium carbonate/PEG system and a polymethyl methacrylate/PEG system.
  7. 7. An impact resistant structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In the impact resistant layer, the thickness of the composite fiber material except the composite fiber material anchored in the plastic matrix material is 0.5-4 mm.
  8. 8. An impact resistant structural member according to claim 7, wherein the impact resistant layer has a thickness of 1 to 3mm of the composite fibre material other than the composite fibre material anchored in the plastics matrix material.
  9. 9. An impact resistant structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the edge of the impact resistant layer and the edge of the face layer is 1-3 mm.
  10. 10. An impact resistant structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The injection molding material layer is made of one or more of polypropylene PP, polystyrene PS and polyamide PA.
  11. 11. An impact resistant structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bottom layer is provided with reinforcing ribs on a side remote from the face layer.
  12. 12. An automobile, characterized in that the impact-resistant structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is used as an automobile exterior and interior trim panel.
  13. 13. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein the automotive exterior trim includes one or both of a cabin cover and a door panel.
  14. 14. A method of making an impact resistant structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of: s1, obtaining a composite fiber material, and filling shearing thickening fluid in fiber gaps of the composite fiber material; S2, baking and airing the composite fiber material filled with the shear thickening fluid, and removing the solvent of the shear thickening fluid to obtain an impact resistant layer filled with the shear thickening body in the fiber gaps; S3, preheating a plastic plate serving as a surface layer, putting the plastic plate into a hot-pressing die, placing an impact-resistant layer above the plastic plate, hot-pressing the plastic plate to enable composite fibers of the impact-resistant layer in contact with the surface layer to be immersed in the plastic plate to form an anchoring part, enabling the impact-resistant layer to be combined with the surface layer, removing pressure and baking at the same temperature as the hot-pressing temperature, enabling the anchoring part of the impact-resistant layer to be combined with the surface layer and shaping; s4, placing the combined surface layer and the impact resistant layer obtained in the S3 into a cavity of an injection mold, and obtaining an integrated impact resistant structural member through injection molding with the impact resistant layer upwards; In each step, the heating temperature and time are lower than the pyrolysis temperature and time of the shear thickening fluid.
  15. 15. A method of making an impact resistant structural member according to claim 14, In S1, the method for filling the shear thickening fluid in the fiber gaps of the composite fiber material comprises one or more of soaking, spraying and brushing.
  16. 16. A method for producing an impact resistant structural member according to claim 15, wherein in S2, the baking and air-drying temperature is 60-200 ℃ and the baking and air-drying time is 2-48 h.
  17. 17. A method of producing an impact resistant structural member as claimed in claim 16, wherein in S2 the baking and air drying temperature is 60-160 ℃.
  18. 18. A method of producing an impact resistant structural member according to claim 16, wherein in S2 the baking and air drying time is 4 to 24 hours.
  19. 19. A method of making an impact resistant structural member according to claim 14, wherein, In S3, the preheating temperature is 60-160 ℃, and the preheating time is 0.5-4h.
  20. 20. A method of producing an impact resistant structural member according to claim 19, wherein in S3 the preheating temperature is 80-100 ℃.

Description

Impact-resistant structural member, automobile and manufacturing method of impact-resistant structural member Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile structural parts, and particularly relates to an impact-resistant structural part, an automobile and a manufacturing method of the impact-resistant structural part. Background The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The common impact-resistant structural design on the automobile body utilizes a special shape structure to improve the impact-resistant effect. The flexible intelligent impact-resistant material is an impact-resistant material utilizing shear thickening fluid or shear thickening glue, and has an intelligent effect, and particularly has the advantages that the viscosity is very low and the material is softer under the condition of very low shear rate, and when the material is subjected to instant impact, the material is subjected to high-speed shear deformation, the strength of the material can be rapidly improved, the impact kinetic energy can be better absorbed, the locally accepted impact kinetic energy can be timely dispersed to an adjacent area, and the impact-resistant material has better impact resistance than a simple impact-resistant mechanical structure such as a reinforcing rib. At present, the design of structural members utilizing shear thickening fluid or shear thickening glue is mainly divided into two directions. One direction is to immerse the material in the shear thickening fluid to improve the impact resistance effect, for example, technical document with publication number CN 111910436A (shear thickening protective fluid and application thereof) discloses a technical scheme of immersing the fiber fabric in the shear thickening fluid to increase the energy absorption of the fiber fabric to the projectile, which is disadvantageous in that the product always maintains a flexible state and can not be prepared into a product with fixed properties even in a non-collision state. The other direction is to fill the shear thickening fluid into a cavity prepared in advance, and then seal the cavity, for example, the technical document with the publication number CN 113551559A (a multi-cell soft material filled with the shear thickening fluid, a laminated protective structure and a preparation method) has the defects that the cavity structure of the product is complex, the manufacturing is difficult, and thin-wall parts such as automobile interior and exterior decorations cannot be produced. At present, there is also a technical scheme for preparing a resin material rich in micropores and filling a shear thickening liquid in the micropores, for example, a technical document with publication number CN109666219A (polypropylene/shear thickening gel composite material and application thereof in a bumper), but a plastic matrix material of the resin material needs to be modified, the flexibility of material selection is poor, the processing difficulty is high, and only a simple structure or model can be designed. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an impact-resistant structural member, an automobile and a manufacturing method of the impact-resistant structural member, wherein a prepreg hot-pressing process and an injection molding process are adopted to compound a shear thickening system into the structural member, so that an integrated structural member with intelligent impact resistance is obtained. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in a first aspect, an impact resistant structural member comprises, from top to bottom, a face layer, an impact resistant layer, and a bottom layer; The surface layer is made of a plastic matrix material; The impact-resistant layer comprises a composite fiber material, wherein the composite fiber material comprises an anchoring part and a filling part in the thickness direction, the composite fibers of the anchoring part are buried in the plastic matrix material of the surface layer, the composite fiber material is anchored in the plastic matrix material and combined with the surface layer, and the fiber gaps of the filling part are filled with shear thickening bodies; The bottom layer is an injection molding material layer, and the bottom layer surrounds the bottom and the periphery of the impact-resistant layer, and is in direct contact with the surface layer and fused into a whole at the periphery of the impact-resistant layer. In a second aspect, the automobile uses the impact-resistant structural member and the structural member is used as an automobile exterior trim, and the structural member compr