CN-118123722-B - Cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing method and device

CN118123722BCN 118123722 BCN118123722 BCN 118123722BCN-118123722-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional composite processing method and device for cavitation water jet, wherein a first straight pipe and a second straight pipe are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of an outer nozzle and extend into the outer nozzle from corresponding through holes formed in the top of the outer nozzle respectively, the top of the first straight pipe is connected with a first low-pressure pipeline outlet, the top of the second straight pipe is connected with a second low-pressure pipeline outlet, the top of an upper pipeline of a three-way pipe is connected with a third low-pressure pipeline outlet, two lower pipeline water outlets of the three-way pipe are respectively connected with the side walls of the first straight pipe and the second straight pipe, an iron cylinder is horizontally transversely arranged at the middle intersection of the three-way pipe, two ends of the iron cylinder are respectively provided with S, N poles of magnet, the outer side wall of the intersection of the three-way pipe is fixedly connected with two magnet controllers, the oscillating unbalanced jet of low-speed water jet is realized through circular movement of the iron cylinder, pulsed cavitation jet is realized through automatic opening and closing of an electric ball valve on the high-pressure pipeline, and the distance between the inner nozzle outlet and the outer nozzle outlet or the rotation speed of a centrifugal pump of the low-pressure pipeline is regulated through a movable bracket.

Inventors

WANG YUN
ZHANG LINQIANG
HE PEIYU
HU XINYAO
Sang Runchi
YU LIANG
ZHANG HENGJIE
JIANG SHIYING

Assignees

江苏大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20240415

Claims (10)

1. A cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device is characterized by comprising a multifunctional nozzle (15), a fixed workbench (17) is arranged in the middle of the inside of a water tank (18), a metal part to be processed is fixed on the upper surface of the workbench (17), the multifunctional nozzle (15) is arranged right above the workbench (17), the multifunctional nozzle (15) comprises an oscillating pipeline device (101), an artificial submerged nozzle (102), two magnet controllers and a telescopic hose (19), the artificial submerged nozzle (102) comprises an inner nozzle (204) and an outer nozzle (205), the inner nozzle (204) is right in the middle of the inside of the outer nozzle (205), the oscillating pipeline device (101) is arranged right above the artificial submerged nozzle (102), and the oscillating pipeline device (101) is formed by a three-way pipe (201), The two straight pipes and the iron cylinder (29) are formed, the first straight pipe (202) and the second straight pipe (203) are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the outer nozzle (205) and extend into the outer nozzle (205) from corresponding through holes formed in the top of the outer nozzle (205) respectively, the top of the first straight pipe (202) is connected with the outlet of a first low-pressure pipeline, the top of the second straight pipe (203) is connected with the outlet of a second low-pressure pipeline, the top of an upper pipeline of the three-way pipe (201) is connected with the outlet of a third low-pressure pipeline, the water outlets of two lower pipelines of the three-way pipe (201) are respectively connected with the first straight pipe (202) and the side wall of the second straight pipe (203), the iron cylinder (29) is horizontally arranged at the middle intersection of the three-way pipe (201), the two lower pipelines of the three-way pipe (201) are respectively positioned at the two radial sides of the iron cylinder (29), and two ends of the iron cylinder (29) are respectively S, The N-pole magnet is fixedly connected with two magnet controllers on the outer side wall of the intersection of the three-way pipe (201), the first magnet controller (36) comprises an N-pole strong magnet (302) which is opposite to the end of the S-pole magnet of the iron cylinder (29), the second magnet controller (37) comprises an S-pole strong magnet (301) which is opposite to the end of the N-pole magnet of the iron cylinder (29), the two magnet controllers are respectively driven by a linear guide rail module (303) to move back and forth between the inlets of two lower pipelines of the three-way pipe (201), each low-pressure pipeline is connected between the first reservoir (1) and the multifunctional nozzle (15) through a low-pressure pipeline, and each low-pressure pipeline is provided with a stop valve (2), A centrifugal pump (3), an electric ball valve (9) and a pressure gauge (4), wherein each centrifugal pump (3) is connected with one frequency converter (8), a water inlet at the top of an inner nozzle (204) is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, medium water is supplied to the high-pressure pipeline by a reservoir II (10), and the high-pressure pipeline is provided with another stop valve (2), a filter (11), a high-pressure plunger pump (12), The automatic water flushing device comprises a water tank (18), a first straight pipe (202), a second straight pipe (203), a manual submerged nozzle (102), a pressure gauge (4), a pressure release valve (13), a flexible hose (19), a movable support (16), an inner nozzle outlet (32) and an outer nozzle outlet (33), wherein the upper end of the flexible hose (19) is fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the first straight pipe (202) and the outer side wall of the second straight pipe (203), the lower end of the flexible hose is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the manual submerged nozzle (102), the flexible hose (19) drives the first straight pipe (202) and the second straight pipe (203) to move relative to the manual submerged nozzle (102) when being stretched, the movable support (16) is fixedly arranged outside the water tank (18), and the movable support (16) is connected with the outer wall of the multifunctional nozzle (15).
2. The cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device of claim 1, wherein two rectangular limiting grooves (35) are formed in the middle intersection of the three-way pipe (201), two ends of the iron cylinder (29) are respectively clamped in one rectangular limiting groove (35), the width of each rectangular limiting groove (35) is larger than the diameter of the iron cylinder (29), the distance between the groove tops of the two rectangular limiting grooves (35) is smaller than the axial length of the iron cylinder (29), the distance between the groove bottoms of the two rectangular limiting grooves (35) is larger than the axial length of the iron cylinder (29), the length direction of each rectangular limiting groove (35) is perpendicular to the water inflow direction of the three-way pipe (201), and the iron cylinder (29) can move in the two rectangular limiting grooves (35) along the length direction and is far away from or close to the inlets of two lower pipelines of the three-way pipe (201).
3. A cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the power of the centrifugal pump (3) on the first low-pressure pipeline and the second low-pressure pipeline is 1.5kw, and the power of the centrifugal pump (3) on the third low-pressure pipeline is 3kw.
4. The cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that two lower pipelines of the three-way pipe (201) are in a V shape and extend obliquely downwards.
5. A method of processing the cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device of claim 1, comprising the steps of: The method comprises the steps of 1), opening a stop valve (2), a centrifugal pump (3) and an electric ball valve (9) on a first low-pressure pipeline and a second low-pressure pipeline, enabling low-pressure water to enter an outer nozzle (205) through the first low-pressure pipeline and the second low-pressure pipeline, spraying out from an outer nozzle outlet (33), opening the stop valve (2), a high-pressure plunger pump (12) and the electric ball valve (9) on a high-pressure pipeline, enabling high-pressure water to enter an inner nozzle (204) through the high-pressure pipeline, spraying out from an inner nozzle outlet (32), and shearing high-speed water and low-speed water in an intersecting manner; And 2) adjusting frequency converters (8) on the first low-pressure pipeline and the second low-pressure pipeline, and adjusting the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump (3) to increase the initial water pressure entering the outer nozzle (205), so that the low-speed water sprayed from the outer nozzle outlet (33) contracts the high-speed cavitation water jet sprayed from the inner nozzle outlet (32), the impact force of the cavitation water jet is concentrated at one point, and the metal piece to be processed is reinforced or blanked.
6. The processing method according to claim 5, wherein the step 2) is replaced by a step of circularly opening and closing an electric ball valve (9) on a high-pressure pipeline within a set time, medium water enters an inner nozzle (204) section by section, when the local pressure is lower than saturated vapor pressure during the ejection of an inner nozzle outlet (32), the medium water is ejected from the inner nozzle outlet (32) in a section by section cavitation water jet and performs a shearing action with low-speed water, and a metal part to be processed is subjected to pulse strengthening.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step 2) is replaced by adjusting the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet (32) and the outer nozzle outlet (33) to change the bundling property of the high-speed water beam, and the metal piece to be processed is processed in a large area.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the metal piece to be processed is cleaned over a large area when the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet (32) and the outer nozzle outlet (33) is 0.
9. A method of processing the cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device of claim 1, comprising the steps of: The linear guide rail module (303) controls the N-pole strong magnet (302) and the S-pole strong magnet (301) to circularly move back and forth, and the iron cylinder (29) moves back and forth; And B, closing a stop valve (2), a centrifugal pump (3) and an electric ball valve (9) on the first low-pressure pipeline and the second low-pressure pipeline, opening a third low-pressure pipeline and a high-pressure pipeline, enabling low-pressure water to contact an iron cylinder (29) moving back and forth to generate oscillation, enabling high-pressure water to enter an inner nozzle (204) through the high-pressure pipeline, spraying from an inner nozzle outlet (32), and enabling cavitation water jet sprayed from the inner nozzle outlet (32) to have swing unbalance due to low-speed water jet oscillation, so as to perform oscillation sweeping reinforcement and large-scale reinforcement on a metal piece to be processed.
10. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the medium water on the high-pressure line is pressurized by the high-pressure plunger pump (12) and the initial water pressure is measured by the pressure gauge (4), and if the pressure exceeds a safety value, the pressure relief valve (13) reduces the water pressure.

Description

Cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing method and device Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of metal surface strengthening processing, and particularly relates to a multifunctional composite processing method and device based on cavitation water jet characteristics. Background With the rapid development of manufacturing industry, technologies such as metal processing, strengthening, cleaning, metal foil blanking and the like are rapidly developed, and traditional metal processing methods include machining, electric spark processing, laser processing, electron beam processing, electric corrosion processing, ion beam processing and the like, wherein laser processing technologies are used for forming residual stress on the metal surface through laser induced shock waves, the shock time is long, the equipment cost is high, and particularly when thicker materials are processed, a high-power laser is needed. In addition, certain noise and smoke are generated in the laser processing process, and certain environmental pollution is caused. Other processing methods have higher equipment cost and certain environmental pollution, the use cost of the processing methods is higher than that of cavitation water jet processing, and the water jet processing has no pollution. The cavitation water jet is to use a high-pressure plunger pump or other high-pressure pumps to boost the pressure of the daily water medium, and the pressure is rapidly reduced after passing through the nozzle and is sprayed out at a very high speed, and in the process, the pressure in the nozzle and at the outlet of the nozzle is rapidly reduced and reaches the pressure condition for generating cavitation. Cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs inside a liquid when the pressure inside the liquid drops below the saturated vapor pressure. The cavitation phenomenon can generate a large number of cavitation groups, and a large number of cavitation in the cavitation groups can undergo three processes of development, growth and collapse. The processes of cavitation in development, growth and collapse are actually the processes of energy formation and release, the development and growth of cavitation are the generation of energy, and the collapse of cavitation is the release of energy. For cavitation development, growth, collapse and research on generated microfluid and maturity. Cavitation water jet is to treat the metal surface with the energy of micro jet produced during collapse of cavitation bubbles, and the shock wave of the micro jet makes the metal surface have different stress changes, which strengthen the metal surface. The impact load generated by the pulse cavitation water jet is changed continuously, and the stress change caused by the impact of the pulse cavitation water jet on an object is repeated for a plurality of times, so that the intermittent strengthening effect is better. The cavitation water jet utilizes microjet generated by cavitation collapse to process the metal surface and strengthen the metal surface. This is a powerful processing method for metal processing. Most cavitation water jet technologies are currently submerged. However, the submerged water jet technology has obvious defects, firstly, the processed target piece needs to be placed in the water environment, and most of the target piece is made of metal materials, and the metal materials are immersed in the water environment for a long time and inevitably generate chemical reactions. Submerged water jet technology has also been deficient in handling large targets. Therefore, the submerged type defect is put forward to provide an artificial submerged type water jet technology, wherein a sleeve is added to the periphery of a high-speed nozzle, a low-speed water channel is arranged in the sleeve, water is sprayed simultaneously to form a water environment similar to a submerged type, and two water flows can generate shearing action to form a local pressure difference when meeting, and cavitation is generated when the pressure is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the environment. For example, the Chinese patent publication No. CN113714940A, named as "artificially submerged cavitation water jet shot blasting device, working method thereof and combined nozzle", comprises an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle, and can realize simultaneous access of high-pressure water and low-pressure water, and the high-speed water outlet of the inner nozzle is positioned in a submerged low-pressure water environment provided by the outer nozzle, so that the cavitation rate is improved, the low-pressure water inlet is parallel to the high-pressure water inlet, jet ejected from the nozzle is not easy to diverge, and the strengthening effect of the jet is improved. However, the processing function is single, and for different processing types, different processing devices are required, so that the conversion between processing methods such as strengthening