CN-118952809-B - Polyurethane composite material, pressure sensor, and preparation methods and applications thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a polyurethane composite material, a pressure sensor, a preparation method and application thereof. Relates to the technical field of pressure sensors. The polyurethane composite material comprises a polyurethane electrostatic spinning membrane layer, a first polyurethane porous membrane layer, a second polyurethane porous membrane layer and a polyurethane composite material, wherein the first polyurethane porous membrane layer is arranged on the upper surface of the polyurethane electrostatic spinning membrane layer, the second polyurethane porous membrane layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer, and the pore diameter and the pore density of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer are larger than or smaller than those of the second polyurethane porous membrane layer. In the polyurethane composite material, the polyurethane electrostatic spinning film layer has higher sensitivity and good elasticity, can respond to tiny pressure change quickly, and the first polyurethane porous film layer and the second polyurethane porous film layer can deform greatly when stressed and are combined with the polyurethane electrostatic spinning film, so that the conductive network layer in the polyurethane composite material system is richer.

Inventors

• LIU ZIJIN
• CAI YINXIN
• WANG ZHENGTAO
• YU HUI
• GAN FENG
• WU YANCHENG
• LIANG YUQI
• LI SHUBING

Assignees

• 五邑大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20240724

Claims (6)

1. 1. A polyurethane composite material is characterized in that the polyurethane composite material comprises: a polyurethane electrostatic spinning film layer; the first polyurethane porous membrane layer is arranged on the upper surface of the polyurethane electrostatic spinning membrane layer; The second polyurethane porous membrane layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer; the pore diameter and pore density of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer are greater than or less than the pore diameter and pore density of the second polyurethane porous membrane layer; The raw materials of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer and the second polyurethane porous membrane layer comprise the following components in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of polyurethane resin; 1-10 parts of conductive filler; 42-45 parts of sacrificial material; 2-3 parts of curing agent; The pore diameters of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer and the second polyurethane porous membrane layer are 158-324 μm; The first polyurethane porous membrane layer and the second polyurethane porous membrane layer have a pore density of 14.30 pores/cm 3 to 312.15 pores/cm 3 ; the polyurethane composite material is soaked in a solution containing conductive filler in a vacuum environment, and the conductive filler permeates into the whole structure of the polyurethane composite material.
2. 2. A process for preparing a polyurethane composite as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of: S1, mixing polyurethane resin and conductive filler in a solvent to obtain a spinning solution, and carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain the polyurethane electrostatic spinning film; s2, mixing polyurethane resin, conductive filler, sacrificial material and curing agent in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution, and sequentially carrying out leveling film formation and sacrificial material removal treatment to obtain the first polyurethane porous film layer; s3, mixing polyurethane resin, conductive filler, sacrificial material and curing agent in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution, and sequentially carrying out leveling film formation and sacrificial material removal treatment to obtain the second polyurethane porous film layer; And S4, sequentially laminating the polyurethane electrostatic spinning film layer, the first polyurethane porous film layer and the second polyurethane porous film layer, soaking the polyurethane electrostatic spinning film layer, the first polyurethane porous film layer and the second polyurethane porous film layer in a solution containing conductive filler in a vacuum environment, and taking out the polyurethane electrostatic spinning film layer, the first polyurethane porous film layer and the second polyurethane porous film layer to obtain the polyurethane composite material.
3. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the mass percentage of the polyurethane resin in the spinning solution is 15-20%.
4. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the parameters of the electrostatic spinning comprise a sample introduction speed of 1.0-1.2ml/h, a collection speed of 100-120rpm and a humidity of 85-90%.
5. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step S2 further comprises the step of stretching and curing the film material before removing the sacrificial material after the film material is obtained by leveling the film material with the mixed solution.
6. 6. A pressure sensor comprising the polyurethane composite of claim 1.

Description

Polyurethane composite material, pressure sensor, and preparation methods and applications thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of pressure sensors, in particular to a polyurethane composite material, a pressure sensor, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Porous Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs) are a class of materials with special structures and properties that are often used in the manufacture of pressure sensors, and are favored for their excellent flexibility and high sensitivity. The pressure sensor is a device capable of converting external pressure change into an electric signal, and is widely applied to the fields of industrial control, medical equipment, intelligent electronic equipment and the like. The construction of three-dimensional (3D) porous structures within CPCs is one of the hot spots of recent research. The structure not only effectively reduces the seepage threshold value of the conductive filler and improves the sensitivity of the sensor, but also obviously reduces the weight of the material and enhances the compressibility of the material. The design of the 3D porous structure enables CPCs to better accommodate complex environmental changes and pressure applications, thereby expanding their utility and stability in a variety of applications. Conventional pressure sensors often suffer from disadvantages such as slow response, insufficient sensitivity, and poor adaptability to environmental changes. By adjusting the microstructure of the conductive layer in the CPCs, the sensitivity and response speed of the sensor can be remarkably improved, so that the sensor can capture pressure change more quickly and accurately. In addition, the response lag of the flexible pressure sensor can be effectively reduced by the aid of the microstructure of the hierarchical design, and the reliability and stability of the flexible pressure sensor in practical application are further improved. Flexible resistive sensors are a common form of application that use CPCs to convert a pressure signal to be measured into a resistive signal. Through fine control of the structure and the constituent materials of the conductive layer, the sensitivity of the resistance sensor can be accurately adjusted, so that the requirements of different application scenes on the sensor precision and response speed are met. This highly adjustable nature provides CPCs with significant advantages in developing custom pressure sensors. Along with the increasing demand of sensor technology, PU foaming sponge and graphene oxide are mixed in the prior art, CPCs material capable of being used for compressive flexible strain sensing is prepared, and the resistive flexible sensor has the characteristics of low density, excellent compressibility and higher sensitivity, but the internal energy dissipation of the CPCs material is large, so that the signal response of the sensor is lagged. In addition, the sensors prepared from CPCs materials in the prior art have the defects of high price, complex preparation process and the like. Based on this, development of a novel CPCs material and a pressure sensor is needed to solve the disadvantages of lag signal response, high price, complex preparation process and the like of the sensor. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to develop a novel CPCs material and a pressure sensor so as to solve the defects of lag signal response, high price, complex preparation process and the like of the sensor. The first aspect of the invention is that: a polyurethane composite is provided. A second aspect of the invention resides in: A method for preparing polyurethane composite material is provided. The third aspect of the invention is that: the application of the polyurethane composite material. The invention also provides a pressure sensor. Specifically, the technical scheme adopted according to the first aspect of the invention is as follows: a polyurethane composite, the polyurethane composite comprising: a polyurethane electrostatic spinning film layer; the first polyurethane porous membrane layer is arranged on the upper surface of the polyurethane electrostatic spinning membrane layer; The second polyurethane porous membrane layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer; the pore size and pore density of the first polyurethane porous membrane layer are greater than or less than the pore size and pore density of the second polyurethane porous membrane layer. According to the embodiments of the present invention, one of the technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: In the polyurethane composite material, the polyurethane electrostatic spinning film layer has higher sensitivity and good elasticity, can respond to tiny pressure change rapidly, and the first polyurethane porous film layer and the second polyurethane porous film layer can deform greatly when stress