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CN-119116080-B - Soil improvement method and system based on straw indirect carbonization

CN119116080BCN 119116080 BCN119116080 BCN 119116080BCN-119116080-B

Abstract

A soil improvement method and system based on indirect carbonization of straw comprises the following steps of (A) collecting straw, cutting the straw into straw particles, (B) extruding and damaging the epidermis of the straw particles, (C) heating the extruded straw particles by microwaves to obtain puffed straw particles, and (D) carbonizing the surfaces of the puffed straw particles to obtain carbonized particles for being discharged into soil. The indirect carbonization mode of firstly breaking the wall, puffing and carbonizing the surface can obviously reduce the energy consumed during carbonization, shortens the treatment time of the straw, is beneficial to straw carbonization returning treatment of large-area soil, simultaneously, carbonized particles on the surface can provide enough biomass charcoal for the soil, the carbonized particles in the field part do not need to be transported out due to the fact that the biomass charcoal exceeds the bearing capacity of the soil, and the carbonized particles also well retain nutrient substances in the straw.

Inventors

  • Xiong Yingwei
  • LUO JIE
  • LV RUI
  • WANG LIU
  • LI TING

Assignees

  • 四川邦亿联恒工程咨询有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20231218

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The soil improvement method based on the indirect carbonization of the straw is characterized by comprising the following steps: (A) Collecting straw, and cutting the straw into straw particles; (B) Extruding and destroying the epidermis of the straw particles; (C) Heating the extruded straw particles by utilizing microwaves to obtain puffed straw particles; (D) Carbonizing the surface of the puffed straw particles to obtain carbonized particles which are discharged into soil, wherein the puffed straw particles roll through flame, the flame burns the surface of the puffed straw particles to uniformly carbonize the surface of the puffed straw particles, the burning time of the flame on the surface of the puffed straw particles is not more than 5 seconds, and the puffed straw particles are purged by utilizing air flow before carbonizing the surface of the puffed straw particles.
  2. 2. The soil improvement method based on indirect carbonization of straw according to claim 1, wherein in the step (B), the cut straw particles are humidified at a temperature of 40-80 ℃ before being extruded and the epidermis of the straw particles is destroyed.
  3. 3. The soil improvement method based on indirect carbonization of straw according to claim 1, wherein in the step (C), the temperature of microwave heating straw particles is 90-160 ℃ and the heating time is 3-10 minutes.
  4. 4. The method for improving soil based on indirect carbonization of straw according to claim 1, wherein in the step (D), the obtained carbonized particles are cooled, and the cooled carbonized particles are sprayed with a microbial inoculum.
  5. 5. Soil improvement system based on indirect carbonization of straw, including frame (12), be provided with running gear (10) on frame (12), its characterized in that still is provided with on frame (12): A collecting and cutting device (1) for collecting the straw and cutting the straw into straw particles; A pretreatment device (5) connected to the collecting and cutting device (1) through a first conveying device (6), wherein the pretreatment device (5) is used for heating and humidifying the straw particles; the extrusion wall breaking device (2) is connected with the pretreatment device (5), and the extrusion wall breaking device (2) is used for extruding the straw particles and damaging the epidermis of the straw particles; The one or more microwave wall breaking devices (3) are connected with the extrusion wall breaking device (2), and the microwave wall breaking devices (3) are used for heating extruded straw particles by microwaves to obtain puffed straw particles; The indirect carbonization device (4) is connected to the microwave wall breaking device (3) through a second conveying device (7), the indirect carbonization device (4) is used for carbonizing the surfaces of the puffed straw particles to obtain carbonized particles which are discharged into soil, a carbonization mechanism, a cooling mechanism and a microbial inoculum adding mechanism are sequentially arranged in the indirect carbonization device (4) from top to bottom, wherein the carbonization mechanism is used for burning the surfaces of the puffed straw particles, the cooling mechanism is used for spraying cooling liquid to the carbonized particles, the microbial inoculum adding mechanism is used for spraying microbial inoculum to the cooled carbonized particles, The carbonization mechanism comprises a carbonization plate (45) inclined towards the center of the fourth shell, a flame spraying head (46) is arranged below the carbonization plate (45), the flame spraying head (46) is used for spraying flame to the carbonization plate (45), and the flame burns the puffed straw particles rolling on the carbonization plate (45) through micropores on the carbonization plate (45).
  6. 6. A soil improvement system based on indirect carbonization of straw according to claim 5, characterized in that a return conduit (9) is connected between the indirect carbonization device (4) and the pretreatment device (5).
  7. 7. A soil improvement system based on indirect carbonization of straw according to claim 5, further comprising a blower (8), said blower (8) being adapted to convey a flow of air into said second conveyor (7).

Description

Soil improvement method and system based on straw indirect carbonization Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a soil improvement method and system based on indirect carbonization of straw. Background The straw is an important source of soil organic matters, the carbon content of the straw carbon reaches more than 65%, and the straw carbon has good carbon fixation and emission reduction effects. The straw returning can effectively improve soil properties, optimize soil functions and improve farmland quality. The crop straw recycling is scientifically developed, and the method has important significance for stabilizing the ecological balance of agriculture, improving the ecological environment and relieving the resource constraint. At present, two modes of returning the straw to the field exist, one mode is that the straw is collected and removed from the field for treatment, then the treated substance is added into the soil, for example, the straw is removed from the field for fermentation and returned to the field, for example, the straw is carbonized into biochar and then added into the soil, but the mode of removing the straw from the field consumes more manpower and material resources, has higher cost and is not suitable for large-area straw treatment. The other is to collect the straws in the field and process the straws at the same time to realize the in-situ returning of the straws, in recent years, the direct returning of the straws after carbonization into biochar has become the focus of attention, for example, an integrated device for harvesting rice and wheat and returning the straws after carbonization disclosed in patent CN102640617B can finish harvesting rice and wheat and returning the straws after carbonization simultaneously, so as to save the transportation cost, and a movable type straw baking and carbonization in-situ returning method disclosed in patent CN112063401B integrates the collection, crushing, baking, carbonization and returning of the straws into a whole to realize the baking and carbonization in-situ returning of the straws. However, because the moisture content in the straw is high, a large amount of energy is generally consumed by direct carbonization, so that the handling cost is saved, the time and the energy consumption of carbonizing the straw are not obviously reduced, and the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency are still faced when the method is applied to large-area soil carbonization and returning. Meanwhile, the direct carbonization also consumes nutrient substances in the straw, so that the utilization rate of the nutrient substances in the straw is low, and the soil improvement is not facilitated. Moreover, if all the collected straws are carbonized into biomass charcoal to be returned to the field, the biomass charcoal can be adversely affected when exceeding the bearing capacity of soil, so that the existing in-situ carbonization returning field usually needs to remove part of the biomass charcoal. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a soil improvement method based on indirect carbonization of straw, which is characterized in that the collected straw is extruded to break walls and broken walls by microwaves to obtain puffed straw particles, and then the surfaces of the puffed straw particles are carbonized, so that the main nutrients of the straw can be reserved in the finally obtained carbonized particles, and meanwhile, the surfaces of the finally obtained carbonized particles have certain carbonaceous properties and mechanical strength, so that nutrients can be better provided for the soil on the basis of meeting the requirement of the soil on biomass charcoal, and further, the soil improvement effect is effectively improved. The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a soil improvement method based on straw indirect carbonization comprises the following steps: (A) Collecting straw, and cutting the straw into straw particles; (B) Extruding and destroying the epidermis of the straw particles; (C) Heating the extruded straw particles by utilizing microwaves to obtain puffed straw particles; (D) Carbonizing the surface of the puffed straw particles to obtain carbonized particles for discharge into soil. In the technical scheme, the straw collected in the field is directly processed into carbonized particles with the surface carbonized and the inside reserved nutrient substances, and the carbonized particles are discharged into the soil to achieve the aim of improving the soil. Specifically, in the step (A), after picking up and collecting the straws in the field, crushing and cutting the straws to obtain a plurality of straw particles. In one or more embodiments, the collection and cutting of the straw may be accomplished using existing carbonization-return-to-field integrated devices. In the step (B), the whole s