CN-119138207-B - Crop straw quantitative layering even mixing returning device

CN119138207BCN 119138207 BCN119138207 BCN 119138207BCN-119138207-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning device for crop straws, which comprises a straw collecting mechanism, a fan conveying mechanism, a flow dividing mechanism, a furrow opener assembly, a uniform mixing assembly and a soil covering assembly, wherein the front end of the device is provided with a straw pickup and a straw conveyor for collecting the straws scattered in the field and carrying out pretreatment before returning to the field, the treated straws are sucked into a quantitative straw flow dividing box through a centrifugal fan, are quantitatively distributed into flow dividing pipes according to the returning requirements and are discharged into grooves with different depths of the furrow opener according to the returning depth requirements of the straws, then the uniform mixing of the straws and the soil is realized under the action of the uniform mixing assembly, and the soil dug out by the furrow opener is backfilled and buried through the soil covering assembly.

Inventors

DING HUILING
WANG MENGYANG
WANG QIAOFENG
Dang Fengkui
ZHANG CHAO
JIN XIN
ZHOU HAO
WANG SHENGSHENG
JI JIANGTAO

Assignees

河南科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20241021

Claims (7)

1. The quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning device for crop straws is characterized by comprising a straw collecting mechanism (3), a fan conveying mechanism, a diversion mechanism, a furrow opener assembly (7), a uniform mixing assembly (8) and a soil covering assembly (9); The fan conveying mechanism comprises a centrifugal fan (5), the flow dividing mechanism comprises a flow dividing box (6) and flow dividing guide pipe assemblies, the centrifugal fan (5) is communicated with the straw collecting mechanism (3) and the flow dividing box (6), the flow dividing guide pipe assemblies comprise a plurality of flow dividing guide pipes, the front ends of the flow dividing guide pipes are communicated with the flow dividing box (6) and the tail ends of the flow dividing guide pipes are downwards arranged, furrow opener assemblies (7) are correspondingly arranged in front of the flow dividing guide pipes, and even mixing assemblies (8) and earthing assemblies (9) are correspondingly arranged behind the flow dividing guide pipes in sequence; The diversion duct comprises deep soil layer ducts (601) and shallow soil layer ducts (602) which are correspondingly arranged in front and back rows, wherein the furrow opener assembly (7) comprises deep soil layer furrow openers (701) and shallow soil layer furrow openers (702) with different heights, the deep soil layer furrow openers (701) and the shallow soil layer furrow openers (702) are correspondingly arranged in front of the deep soil layer ducts (601) and the shallow soil layer ducts (602) respectively, the deep soil layer ducts (601) and the shallow soil layer ducts (602) are cylindrical and have different diameters, and a plurality of holes with different diameters are correspondingly arranged on the diversion box (6) and are used for connecting the diversion duct; the even mixing assembly (8) comprises a deep soil layer even mixer (801) and a shallow soil layer even mixer (802) which are respectively and correspondingly positioned behind the deep soil layer guide pipe (601) and the shallow soil layer guide pipe (602) and are at different heights, even mixing knife rolls in the deep soil layer even mixer (801) and the shallow soil layer even mixer (802) vertically enter soil, the upper parts of the even mixing knife rolls are polished rods, the bottom working parts are of spiral structures, the spiral length of the bottom working parts of the even mixing knife rolls is 5cm, and the penetration depth is consistent with the bottom of a ditching groove of a corresponding ditcher.
2. The quantitative layered and evenly-mixed crop straw returning device according to claim 1, wherein the straw collecting mechanism (3) comprises a collecting box (302), a straw crushing mechanism (301) for crushing straws is arranged in the collecting box (302), a suction inlet (501) of the centrifugal fan (5) is connected with the bottom of the collecting box (302), and a discharge outlet (502) of the centrifugal fan (5) is connected with the distribution box (6).
3. The quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning device for crop straws according to claim 2, wherein the collecting box (302) is connected with a straw conveying mechanism, and the straw conveying mechanism comprises a straw pickup device (1) for picking up and collecting straws scattered on the ground and a straw conveyor (2) for conveying the straws into the straw collecting box (302); the straw conveyor (2) is obliquely arranged, a plurality of rollers drive the transmission surface to move, one end of the straw conveyor, which is close to the ground, is connected with the straw pickup (1), and the other end of the straw conveyor is positioned above the straw collection mechanism (3).
4. The quantitative layered and evenly-mixed crop straw returning device according to claim 1, wherein the diversion conduit is composed of two materials, wherein the connection part with the diversion box (6) is made of soft materials, and the conduit entering the soil part is made of hard materials.
5. The quantitative layered and evenly-mixed crop straw returning device according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal fan (5), the diversion box (6) and the earthing component (9) are supported by the chassis (4), the chassis (4) is provided with a mounting hole for a diversion conduit to pass through, and the top of the furrow opener component (7) is connected with the chassis (4).
6. The quantitative layered and evenly-mixed crop straw returning device according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the earthing component (9) comprises two disc-shaped earthing plates (901) which are vertically arranged, the two earthing plates (901) are arranged in a horn shape and are connected through a connecting mechanism, and the top of the connecting mechanism is connected with the chassis (4) through a supporting rod (902).
7. The quantitative layered and evenly-mixed crop straw returning device according to claim 5, wherein a pressing roller (10) for pressing and flattening the ground surface is arranged behind the chassis (4), and the surface of the pressing roller (10) is of a wolf tooth structure.

Description

Crop straw quantitative layering even mixing returning device Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of crop straw returning, and particularly relates to a quantitative layered uniform mixing returning device for crop straw. Background In the agricultural field, plant stalks contain rich organic matters, mineral nutrients and heat energy, and are valuable renewable resources. The annual crop straw yield in China is approximately 10 hundred million tons, and the method can be widely applied to various purposes such as feed, fuel papermaking, straw returning and the like. Straw returning is a method for directly or piled and decomposed straw (wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw and the like) which is not suitable for being directly used as feed and then applied into soil. After returning to farmland, the fertilizer can be converted into organic matters and available nutrients after a period of decomposition, improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, and can also supply certain nutrients such as potassium. The straw returning can promote the water saving, the cost saving, the yield increasing and the efficiency increasing of agriculture, and is fully valued in the environment protection and the sustainable development of agriculture. The natural decomposition speed of the straw after being buried in the soil is very slow, the effect of different degrees can be caused when the next crop is sowed, and the field operation efficiency is seriously influenced, wherein the natural decomposition speed of the straw and the sowing quality of the next crop can be influenced by the straw burying depth, the straw quantity, the uniform mixing quality of the straw and the soil and the like in the straw returning process. In the process of returning the straw to the field, the burying depth of the straw, the distribution quantity of the straw at different depths and the uniform mixing quality of the straw and the soil are important indexes for measuring the returning performance of the straw. The thickness of the soil cultivation layer is generally 15-20 cm, and the thickness of the crop sowing layer is 0-5 cm, and if a large amount of buried straws are contained in the soil of the sowing layer, the sowing quality can be seriously affected. Research shows that the current straw returning device has the soil straw content of the sowing layer being more than 60 percent of the total straw amount, so that the void ratio of the seed bed is overlarge when the next crop is sowed, the seed implantation and root strengthening are not facilitated, and the straw burying depth is unreasonable, and the sowing quality and the straw decomposition speed are not facilitated. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a quantitative layering and uniform mixing returning device for crop straws, which utilizes a centrifugal fan diversion principle to arrange air ducts with different sections so as to obtain straws with different volume numbers, and layers cultivation layers are layered under the action of a furrow opener assembly, a uniform mixing assembly and a soil covering assembly with different depths, and straw amounts corresponding to the cultivation layers are configured, so that quantitative layering and uniform mixing returning of the straws is realized. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: The invention provides a quantitative layered uniform mixing and returning device for crop straws, which comprises a straw collecting mechanism, a fan conveying mechanism, a flow dividing mechanism, a furrow opener assembly, a uniform mixing assembly and a soil covering assembly, wherein the straw collecting mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the machine; The fan conveying mechanism comprises a centrifugal fan, the flow dividing mechanism comprises a flow dividing box and flow dividing conduit assemblies, the centrifugal fan is communicated with the straw collecting mechanism and the flow dividing box, the flow dividing conduit assemblies comprise a plurality of flow dividing conduits, the front ends of the flow dividing conduits are communicated with the flow dividing box, the tail ends of the flow dividing conduits are downwards arranged, furrow opener assemblies are correspondingly arranged in front of the flow dividing conduits, and even mixing assemblies and soil covering assemblies are correspondingly arranged behind the flow dividing conduits in sequence; The diversion conduit comprises deep soil layer conduits and shallow soil layer conduits which are correspondingly arranged in the front-back row; the furrow opener assembly comprises deep soil layer furrow openers and shallow soil layer furrow openers with different heights, and the deep soil layer furrow openers and the shallow soil layer furrow openers are respectively and correspondingly arranged in front of the deep soil layer duct and the shallow soil layer duct. Further, the straw